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CH 4. VGas Power Cycle

The document discusses vapor power cycles and methods to increase the efficiency of Rankine cycles, including lowering condenser pressure, superheating steam, increasing boiler pressure, using reheat and regeneration. It provides examples of calculating efficiency and operating parameters for ideal regenerative and reheat Rankine cycles.

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59 views14 pages

CH 4. VGas Power Cycle

The document discusses vapor power cycles and methods to increase the efficiency of Rankine cycles, including lowering condenser pressure, superheating steam, increasing boiler pressure, using reheat and regeneration. It provides examples of calculating efficiency and operating parameters for ideal regenerative and reheat Rankine cycles.

Uploaded by

eyob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VAPOR AND COMBINED POWER CYCLES

Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam


Assistant Professor/ Mechanical Engineering
Adama Science & Technology University
Adama
8-15

RANKINE CYCLE

• The conversion efficiency of power plants in the United States


is often expressed in terms of heat rate, which is the amount
of heat supplied, in Btu’s, to generate 1 kWh of electricity.
•2 The smaller the heat rate, the greater the efficiency.
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

RANKINE CYCLE

3 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

DEVIATION OF ACTUAL VAPOR POWER


CYCLES FROM IDEALRANKINE CYCLE

4
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY


OF THE RANKINE CYCLE

• Lowering the Condenser Pressure

• Superheating the Steam to High Temperatures

• Increasing the Boiler Pressure

5
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

THE IDEAL REHEAT RANKINE CYCLE

6
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

THE IDEAL REHEAT RANKINE CYCLE

• Consider a steam power plant operating on the ideal reheat


Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 15
MPa and 600°C and is condensed in the condenser at a
pressure of 10 kPa. If the moisture content of the steam at the
exit of the low-pressure turbine is not to exceed 10.4 percent,
determine (a) the pressure at which the steam should be
reheated and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Assume
the steam is reheated to the inlet temperature of the high-
pressure turbine.

7 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE


Open Feedwater Heaters (Direct Contact)

8
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE


Open Feedwater Heaters (Direct Contact)

9 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE


Closed Feedwater Heaters

10 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE


Closed Feedwater Heaters

11 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE


Consider a steam power plant operating on the ideal
regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feedwater heater.
Steam enters the turbine at 15 Mpa and 600°C and is condensed
in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa. Some steam leaves the
turbine at a pressure of 1.2 MPa and enters the open feedwater
heater. Determine the fraction of steam extracted from the
turbine and the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

12 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-15

THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE


Consider a steam power plant that operates on an ideal reheat–
regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feedwater heater, one
closed feedwater heater, and one reheater. Steam enters the
turbine at 15 MPa and 600°C and is condensed in the condenser
at a pressure of 10 kPa. Some steam is extracted from the turbine
at 4 MPa for the closed feedwater heater, and the remaining steam
is reheated at the same pressure to 600°C. The extracted steam is
completely condensed in the heater and is pumped to 15 Mpa
before it mixes with the feedwater at the same pressure. Steam
for the open feedwater heater is extracted from the low-pressure
turbine at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. Determine the fractions of
steam extracted from the turbine as well as the thermal efficiency
of the cycle.
13 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Mechanical, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-20

Thank You

14

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