Understanding

1 Write down the place value represented by the digit 7 in the following numbers:

a 48.07 b 0.487 c 47.008 d 40.708

Example 1

2 In each number, identify the digit in the specified place value.

a 0.5874, hundredths place b 45.236, tenths place

c 71.029, thousandths place d 2365.012, ones place

3 For each of the following, choose the larger decimal number.

a 0.71 or 0.7 b 0.39 or 0.4 c 1.506 or 1.605 d 4.9999 or 4.8

Example 2

4 For each of the following, insert the symbol > or < to make the expression true.

a 2.305 ⬚ 2.309 b 20.9999 ⬚ 20.9998 c 0.39 ⬚ 0.389 d 0.005 ⬚ 0.01

e 0.483 ⬚ 0.4

5 Determine the change in the place value of the digits of a number when divided or
multiplied by the given power of 10.

a Divided by 100 b Multiplied by 1000

c Divided by 10 d Multiplied by 10 000

Fluency

6 Write the following numbers in ascending order.

a 0.24, 0.204, 2.4, 0.024, 0.0024 b 3.68, 3.86, 3.068, 3.681, 3.1

Example 3

7 Write the following numbers in descending order.

a 0.54, 0.504, 0.5, 0.054, 0.0054 b 7.28, 7.82, 7.078, 7.168, 7.8

8 Evaluate, writing your answer in decimal form.

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 a 0.56 × 10 b 0.3784 × 10 c 5.2 × 10 d 0.003 × 10
e 0.35 × 100 f 9.3 × 100 g 6.74 × 100 h 59.43 × 100
i 0.6489 × 1000 j 0.04 × 1000 k 5.761 × 1000 l 0.008 × 1000

Example 4

9 Evaluate, writing your answer in decimal form.

a 34 ÷ 10 b 0.57 ÷ 10 c 0.832 ÷ 10 d 3.9 ÷ 10

e 6.75 ÷ 10 f 79.66 ÷ 100 g 4.8 ÷ 100 h 423 ÷ 1000
i 953.5 ÷ 100 j 423.3 ÷ 1000 k 7583.5 ÷ 100 l 2.2 ÷ 1000

Example 5

Reasoning

10 Consider the decimal numbers 3.45 and 3.045. Explain the process you would follow to
determine which number is smaller. Discuss the role of place value in your comparison
process.

11 Consider the product 0.973 × 100.

a State in which direction the digits must be moved to calculate the answer.
b State the number of places the digits must be moved. Explain your answer.
c Find the product.

12 Explain why the process of multiplying and dividing decimal numbers by powers of 10 is
different from multiplying and dividing by other numbers. Use examples to support your
explanation.

13 Consider the following two numbers: 0.67233 and 0.8.

Explain why the misconception "longer is larger" does not hold true in this case.

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Problem-solving

14 A weather forecaster records the maximum temperature in Melbourne on five consecutive

weekdays starting on Monday. She records the following temperatures:

17.5°C, 23.8°C, 19.6°C, 21.2°C, 15.9°C

a Which day was the hottest?

b On which two days was it colder than the previous day?

15 Four students in a Year 7 class complete a quiz on decimals. Nicky scored 84.5, Daniel
scored 91.3, Bernice scored 78.9, and Dylan scored 86.2.

a Order the students in descending order of score.

b Cheska completes the quiz the following day and scores 91.25. What is Cheska's rank in
the class?

16 In a number-guessing game, players need to identify a secret four-digit decimal number.

They are given four hints:

The digit in the tenths place is twice the digit in the thousandths place.
The digit in the hundredths place is half the digit in the tenths place.
The digit in the ones place is the sum of the digits in the tenths and hundredths place.
The digit in the thousandths place is 3.

Find the four-digit decimal number.

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Understanding

1 How does the process of adding decimals differ from adding whole numbers?

2 What is wrong with the way this question has been written down?
2 . 6
− 1 . 9 9

Fluency

3 Evaluate:

a 0.3 + 0.1 b 3.8 + 4.6 c 8.7 + 4.8 d 0.7 + 0.01

e 0.2 + 0.36 f 8.8 + 5.11 g 0.35 + 0.21 h 1.8 + 3.9

4 Evaluate:

a 2.414 + 1.586 b 8.174 + 6.074

c 9.99 + 50.39 d 84.03 + 64.08
e 91.71 + 76.55 f 207.791 + 120.201
g 221.219 + 716.225 h 714.969 + 129.713
i 886.796 + 447.385 j 0.16 + 0.89 + 0.76
k 0.919 + 0.829 + 0.117 l 8.23 + 6.52 + 9.16
m 4.027 + 1.39 + 1.306 n 15.1 + 53.04 + 21.002

Example 1, 2

5 Increase 13.245 by 4.62.

6 Find the amount that is $8.95 greater than $24.88.

7 Find the total of the numbers 0.325, 6.05, 12.066 and 0.004.

8 Calculate the sum of the numbers 1.55, 3.05, 105 and 0.05.

9 Evaluate:

a 9.9 − 8 b 5.9 − 1.7 c 5.4 − 2.3 d 8.5 − 7.2

e 10.6 − 4.9 f 0.83 − 0.61 g 0.75 − 0.51 h 3.1 − 0.6

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10 Evaluate:

a 8.79 − 4.5 b 59 − 2.57 c 9.59 − 1.7 d 6.19 − 5.31

e 0.587 − 0.231 f 64.51 − 53.47 g 81.59 − 45.71 h 73.893 − 64.764

Example 3

11 Decrease 108.24 by 14.72.

12 Find the number that is 6.75 less than 27.18.

13 Find the difference between $91.33 and $22.44.

14 Reduce 132.035 by 56.122.

15 Harry buys an item from the school canteen for $3.20. If he pays for it with a five dollar note,
how much change will he get back?

Reasoning

16 A magic square is a square where every row, column and diagonal adds up to the same
'magic' number. Complete the following magic squares, given the magic number:

a Magic number is 3.3 b Magic number is 9.0

1.2 2.4
1.1 0.7 5.4 3.0
0.6 3.6

c Magic number is 6.0 d Magic number is 10.2

2.4 0.6 3.9 4.8

3.6 1.5
3.2 1.2 1.8 2.1 2.7
3.3

17 Take three numbers between 1 and 10, each with two decimal places, and add them
together to get 22.54.

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18 A customer gives the cashier $100 to pay for a purchase of $64.95. How much change should
the cashier give the customer?
Solenn incorrectly calculated that the change was $36.15. Identify which row Solenn made
the first error and then correct her working.
1

1 0 0 . 0 0
6 4 . 9 5

1 1 1
9 0 . 0 0
​ − 6
​ ​ 4 . ​ ​ 9 ​ 5 ​ ​

1 1 1
9 0 . 0 0
​ − 6
​ ​ 4 . ​ ​ 9 ​ 5 ​ ​

1 1 1
9 0 . 0 0
​
− 6
​ ​
4 . ​ ​
9 ​
5 ​ ​

. 1 5

1 1 1
9 0 . 0 0
​ − 6
​ ​ 4 . ​ ​ 9 ​ 5 ​ ​

6 . 1 5

1 1 1
9 0 . 0 0
​ − 6
​ ​ 4 . ​ ​ 9 ​ 5 ​
​

3 6 . 1 5

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Problem-solving

19 Amy is buying some supplies for the new school year. She buys an exercise book for $9.55, a
pack of pens for $6.12 and a pencil case for $6.28. How much does she spend in total?

20 Quentin recorded the following times in the

100 m running race over a whole season. Race Time (seconds)
How much quicker was his fastest time than 1 10.59
his slowest time?
2 11.03
3 10.45
4 10.38
5 10.63

21 In a local food drive competition, three groups of volunteers collected non-perishable food
items over a three-week period. Using the following table, which group collected the most
food items at the end of the three weeks?

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Week 1 5.28 kg 5.55 kg 2.208 kg
Week 2 4.15 kg 3.315 kg 10.19 kg
Week 3 4.325 kg 4.905 kg 1.63 kg

22 Three items weighing 1.22 kg, 4.66 kg and 2.77 kg are to be posted but are found to be over
the 8.11 kg limit. By how much does the total weight exceed the limit?

23 A company is assessing the efficiency of four different manufacturing processes, each

producing the same product. The processes have the following defect rates:

Process A has a 0.023 defect rate

Process B has a 0.032 defect rate
Process C has a 0.0225 defect rate, and
Process D has a 0.025 defect rate

a Rank the processes from the lowest to the highest defect rate
b Determine which two processes have the smallest difference in their defect rates.

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Understanding

1 47
means 47 hundredths. Put this in the place value table:
100
​

Ones . Tenths Hundredths

.

2 What is the first step for converting fractions that have denominators that are factors of
2 7
powers of 10, such as and , into decimals?
5 50
​ ​

3 What is the first step to convert a decimal to a fraction?

4 What is the denominator of the fraction when we have a decimal with 2 decimal places?

Fluency

5 Write the number "fifty-three hundredths" as a decimal.

6 Consider the following diagram:

a What fraction of the row of blocks is

shaded?
b Write this fraction as a decimal.
c What fraction of the row of blocks is not
shaded?
d Write this fraction as a decimal.

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7 Consider the following diagram:

a What fraction of the grid is shaded?

b Write this fraction as a decimal.
c What fraction of the grid is not shaded?
d Write this fraction as a decimal.

8 Write the following fractions as decimals:

a 1 b 2 c 7 d 1
10 10 10 100
​ ​ ​ ​

e 27 f 93 g 1 h 6
100 100 1000 1000
​ ​ ​ ​

i 68 j 111 k 747 l 954

1000 1000 1000 1000
​ ​ ​ ​

m 13 n 94 o 698 p 5527
10 10 100 1000
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 1

9 Write the following mixed numbers as decimals:

a 11 b 93 c 9
65 d 73
10 10 100 25
​ ​ ​ ​

10 Complete the following conversion tables:

a b
1 1 1 1 1 3
Fraction Fraction
10 100 1000 2 4 4
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Decimal 0.1 Decimal 0.5

c d
1 1 1 2 3 7
Fraction Fraction
5 20 50 5 10 50
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Decimal Decimal

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11 Write the following fractions as decimals:

a 6 b 2 c 23 d 19
25 5 50 25
​ ​ ​ ​

e 7 f 146 g 358 h 9
20 200 500 4
​ ​ ​ ​

i 3 j 25 k 62 l 217
2 20 50 25
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 2

12 Write the following fractions as decimals rounding to the thousandths place, if needed:

a 6 b 6 c 5 d 5
75 16 32 16
​ ​ ​ ​

e 7 f 13 g 7 h 9
40 80 32 40
​ ​ ​ ​

i 11 j 3 k 11 l 9
80 32 40 32
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 3

13 For each of the following, fill in the boxes with the missing numbers:
⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚
a 0.8 = = b 0.75 = =
10 5 100 4
​ ​ ​ ​

⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚
c 0.68 = = d 2.2 = 2 =2
100 25 10 5
​ ​ ​ ​

⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚
e 0.225 = = f 3.035 = 3 =3
1000 40 1000 200
​ ​ ​ ​

Example 4, 5

14 Write the following decimals as a simplified fraction.

a 0.9 b 0.4 c 0.29 d 0.92

e 0.09 f 0.907 g 0.535 h 1.9
i 5.8 j 7.19 k 5.62 l 4.09
m 9.007 n 3.065 o 76.25 p 223.205

15 If 0.2 of a row of blocks is shaded:

a Find the decimal number that represents the unshaded part of the row.
b Write the fraction that is unshaded in simplest form.

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16 If 0.72 of a grid is shaded:

a Find the decimal number that represents the unshaded part of the grid.
b Write the fraction that is unshaded in simplest form.

17 A recipe calls for 1 cups of flour. How much flour is needed in decimal form if you want to
4
​

1
make 1 times the recipe?
2
​

18 A container holds 3 of a litre of water. How much water is needed in decimal form to fill 5
4
​

containers?

Reasoning

19 Identify which statements are true of the

given figure:

a More than half the bar is shaded

b 0.6 of the bar is unshaded
c 4
The bar is shaded between 0.6 and
5
​

20 Can a fraction have a decimal equivalent that is greater than 1? Why or why not?

21 Answer the following:

a Complete the table:

1 1 1 1 1
Fraction
2 4 5 8 10
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Decimal

b What pattern can you observe in the decimal values as the fractional denominator gets
larger? Explain.

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Problem-solving

22 Place each set of numbers in ascending order:

a 1 3 7 b 0.575, 1 , 0.6, 3 , 0.45

, 0.25, , 0.35,
10 20 50 3 8
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

c 23 61
2.42, 2 , 2.493,
50 25
​ ​

23 Place each set of numbers in descending order:

a 0.166, 1 , 0.3, 17 , 11 b 0.142, 6

, 0.6,
7
, 0.23
5 20 25 16 40
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

5
c 1.279, 1 , 1.275, 36
20 28
​ ​

24 A farmer has 3 plots of land on his farm.

2
On the first plot which measures 0.6 hectares, he plants wheat on of the area.
5
​

3
On the second plot which measures 0.9 hectares, he plants corn on of the area.
4
​

7
On the third plot which measures 1.2 hectares, he plants soybeans on of the area.
10
​

If he wants to plant sunflowers on the remaining land, how many hectares of land will be
available for planting sunflowers?

25 A group of friends decided to split the cost of a meal. The first friend paid 3 of the total bill,
8
​

while the second friend paid 0.25 of the bill. The third friend paid the remaining amount. If
the total bill was $120, how much did the third friend pay?

26 A recipe for a cake requires 1.5 cups of flour, 3 cups of sugar, and 1 cup of milk. A baker
4 2
​ ​

decides to make a larger cake by doubling the flour quantity and adding 0.75 cups of extra
sugar. After these adjustments, how many cups of each ingredient does the baker need?

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Understanding

1 If you multiply two decimals that are less than 1, will the product be less than, equal to, or
greater than the decimals being multiplied?

2 For the following products, estimate if the answer will be:

Greater than both numbers.

Less than both numbers.
In between the two numbers.

a 3×5 b 3 × 0.5 c 0.3 × 0.5 d 7×4

e 0.7 × 4 f 0.7 × 0.4 g 15 × 8 h 15 × 0.8
i 1.5 × 0.8

3 What are the conditions such that the product of two decimal numbers is:

a In between the two numbers b Less than both of the two numbers

Fluency

4 For each of the following products:

i State the number of decimal places in the answer.

ii Calculate the answer.

a 0.3 × 0.5 b 0.2 × 0.54 c 0.1 × 0.2 × 0.3 d 0.1 × 0.05

e 0.03 × 0.05 f 0.003 × 0.004 g 0.2 × 0.5 × 0.02 h 0.015 × 0.2
i 4 × 0.005 j 54 × 0.001 k 12 × 0.02 l 10.3 × 0.01

5 Evaluate:

a 4×5 b 4 × 50 c 4 × 0.5 d 0.4 × 0.5

e 0.6 × 0.3 f 4.4 × 2 g 1.6 × 2.4 h 4.23 × 2
i 4.8 × 8 j 62 × 9.6 k 3.89 × 7 l 2.8 × 6.8

Example 1, 2

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6 Consider a rectangle with side lengths of 2.34 and 5 units.

a Complete the table by finding the area 2 0.3 0.04

of each smaller rectangle as a decimal.
5
b Find 2.34 × 5 as a decimal.

Example 3

7 Consider a rectangle with side lengths of 46.2 and 6 units.

a Complete the table by finding the area 40 6 0.2

of each smaller rectangle as a decimal.
6
b Find 46.2 × 6 as a decimal.

8 Consider a rectangle with side lengths of 4.92 and 0.6 units.

a Complete the table by finding the area 4 0.9 0.02

of each smaller rectangle as a decimal.
0.6
b Find 4.92 × 0.6 as a decimal.

9 Consider a rectangle with side lengths of 2.3 and 3.1 units:

a Complete the table by finding the area 2 0.3

of each smaller rectangle as a decimal.
3
b Find 2.3 × 3.1 as a decimal.
0.1

10 Consider a rectangle with side lengths of 0.87 and 7.8 units.

a Complete the table by finding the area 0.8 0.07

of each smaller rectangle as a decimal.
7
b Find 0.87 × 7.8 as a decimal.
0.8

11 Use the area method to find 0.47 × 0.89 as a decimal.

12 Use the area method to find 4.86 × 0.86 as a decimal.

13 Lisa purchased a car and is paying monthly instalments of $148.40 to pay it off. If it takes her
60 months to pay it off, how much will she have spent on car repayments in total?

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Reasoning

14 If 36 × 42 = 1512, what is the answer to 3.6 × 4.2? Why?

15 James used a calculator to evaluate 3.179 × 3.96 but forgot to enter the decimal points. The
answer he got was 1 258 884. What should the answer have been? Why?

16 A bakery sells a loaf of bread for $3.50. Each loaf contains 20 slices.

a If a customer buys 2 loaves of bread, how much do they have to pay in total?
b Describe the steps to find how much money the bakery would make if they sold 100
loaves.
c If the price of each loaf of bread is increased by $0.25, and the bakery sells the same
amount of loaves in a week, how much more money will they make?

Problem-solving

17 Find the area of a rectangle with the following dimensions:

a Length of 0.5 cm, width of 0.8 cm b Length of 0.2 m, width of 0.07 m

18 A recipe calls for 0.75 cups of sugar and 0.5 cups of butter to make 12 cookies. If you want to
make 36 cookies, how much sugar and butter will you need?

19 Neville trains six days a week. Each weekday, he runs 2.4 km and on Saturday, he runs
4.6 km. How far does he run in a whole week?

20 How much would you pay for eight t-shirts if they cost $46.88 each, and you receive a
discount of $9.47?

21 A store sells shirts for $23.99 each. If the customer buys a hat for $12.75 and also buys 4
shirts, what is the total cost of their purchase?

22 A company sells 2, 500 shares of stock for $19.35 per share. If the company earns a profit of
$18, 765, what is the new price per share, rounded to two decimal places if the company
distributes the profit evenly among all shares?

23 A local bakery sells two types of bread: whole wheat and sourdough. A loaf of whole wheat
bread weighs 0.75 kg, while a loaf of sourdough bread weighs 1.25 kg. If the bakery sells 2.5
times more whole wheat bread than sourdough bread and has sold 80 loaves of whole
wheat bread today, how many kilograms of bread have been sold in total?

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24 Calculate the total weight of a shipment of boxes. There are both small and large boxes.
Each box, regardless of size, weighs 1.25 kg, and there are 3.5 times more small boxes than
large boxes in the shipment. If there are 28 large boxes, how many small boxes are in the
shipment, and what is the total weight of all the boxes combined?

25 A factory produces rectangular metal sheets that are 0.5 metres wide and 1.75 metres long.
Each sheet is then cut into smaller squares with side lengths of 0.25 metres. If the factory
produces 3.5 times more sheets in a week than in a day, and it produces 120 sheets in a day,
how many small square pieces are produced in a week?

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Understanding

1
a Write the problem shown in the short
division in the form a ÷ b.
b Give a whole number estimate for the
answer to the division problem.

2
a Choose the most reasonable estimate for 2.8 ÷ 7:

A Between 0 and 1 B Between 1 and 7 C Less than 0 D Between 10 and 70

b Choose the most reasonable estimate for 82.4 ÷ 4:

A 21 B 210 C 2.1 D 0.21

3 For each of the following divisions, estimate the value:

a 979.8 ÷ 2 b 7.776 ÷ 2 c 793.6 ÷ 8 d 56.231 ÷ 7

4
a Which of the following is the same as 0.9?

A Nine-tenths B Nine C Nine units D Nine tens

b Find 0.9 ÷ 3, giving your answer as a decimal.

Fluency

5 To find 48.8 ÷ 4 we partition the number as follows:

48.8 = 40 + 8 + 0.8

a Calculate:

i 40 ÷ 4 ii 8÷4 iii 0.8 ÷ 4

b Add the answers to part (a) to find 48.8 ÷ 4.

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6 Consider the quotient of 93.63 ÷ 3.

a Write 93.63 as a partitioned number.

b Divide each part by 3 and write as a sum.
c Add the answers to part (b) to find 93.63 ÷ 3.

7 Consider the quotient of 255.15 ÷ 5.

a Write 255.15 as a partitioned number.

b Divide each part by 5 and write as a sum.
c Add the answers to part (b) to find 255.15 ÷ 5.

8 Evaluate:

a 24.24 ÷ 3 b 11.54 ÷ 2 c 52.68 ÷ 6 d 245.37 ÷ 3

e 393.68 ÷ 7 f 588.6 ÷ 9 g 538.32 ÷ 6 h 1061.2 ÷ 8

Example 1

9 Consider the quotient of 3.36 divided by 0.3.

a By what multiple of ten should both numbers be multiplied by, so that the divisor, 0.3, is a
whole number?
b Rewrite 3.36 ÷ 0.3 so that the divisor is a whole number.
c Calculate 3.36 ÷ 0.3.

10 Consider the quotient of 4.808 divided by 0.04.

a By what multiple of ten should both numbers be multiplied so that the divisor, 0.04, is a
whole number?
b Rewrite 4.808 ÷ 0.04 so that the divisor is a whole number.
c Calculate 4.808 ÷ 0.04.

11 Evaluate:

a 56 ÷ 0.7 b 1.6 ÷ 0.4 c 420 ÷ 0.7 d 8.1 ÷ 0.9

e 1.8 ÷ 0.09 f 2.94 ÷ 0.07 g 5.205 ÷ 0.05 h 84.06 ÷ 0.06
i 12 ÷ 0.003 j 10.8 ÷ 0.012 k 33 ÷ 0.011 l 6.4 ÷ 0.008

Example 2, 3

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12 On working days, Josie always buys a coffee on her way to work. Her coffee costs her $5.75
per day. One month she budgets $120.25 for coffee. How many working days were there
that month?

13 A bag of rice weighs 93.25 kg. A box contains 1585.25 kg of rice. How many bags are in the
box?

Reasoning

14 Given that 235 × 42 = 9870, evaluate:

a 9870 ÷ 42 b 9870 ÷ 235

c 98.70 ÷ 4.2 d 98700 ÷ 0.42
e 0.987 ÷ 420 f 9.87 ÷ 0.235

15 Jo and Isla are asked to divide 1.6 ÷ 0.4. Jo multiplies both numbers by 10 before dividing.
Isla multiplies both numbers by 1000. Will Jo and Isla get the same answer? Explain why or
why not.

16 Casper is trying to determine the width of three rectangles. He has information about the
area and the length of each rectangle, which are given to two decimal places. Without a
calculator, he decides to round these measurements to the nearest whole number to
estimate the width.

a The first rectangle has an area of 19.73 square centimetres and a length of 4.23 cm.
Casper estimates the width using an area of 20 square centimetres, and a length of 4 cm.
He reasons that this will be an overestimate of the true width.

i What answer did Casper get for the width?

ii Explain why his answer is an overestimate?

b The second rectangle has an area of 30.22 square centimetres and a length of 5.83 cm.
Casper estimates the width using an area of 30 square centimetres, and a length of 6 cm.
He reasons that this will be an underestimate of the true width.

i What answer did Casper get for the width?

ii Explain why his answer is an underestimate?

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 c The third rectangle has an area of 39.65 square centimetres and a length of 7.91 cm.
Casper estimates the width using an area of 40 square centimetres, and a length of 8 cm.
He cannot decide if this will be an underestimate or an overestimate.

i What answer did Casper get for the width?

ii Explain why Casper has difficulty deciding whether this is an underestimate or an
overestimate?

Problem-solving

17 Juliet bought 2.2 kg of bananas for $8.60 and Luna bought 2.5 kg of bananas for $10.10. Who
got the better value based on dollars per kilogram?

18 A water tank holds 20 L of water. Oliver is going to fill the tank by filling a 600 mL bottle and
emptying it into the tank. How many times will he need to do this?

19 A juice bar sells orange juice in 230 mL cups. One day they make 36.8 L of orange juice.
How many cups could they sell?

20 Juliet makes metal window frames for a company that sell house and land packages. She
makes two sizes of frame, one being 2.25 m wide by 1.5 m deep, and the other being 2.25 m
wide by 3.2 m deep.

a Calculate the perimeter of:

i The smaller frame.

ii The larger frame.

b Juliet currently has 150 m of metal for making frames.

i What is the largest number of the smaller frames that she can make and how much
metal would she have left over?
ii What is the largest number of the larger frames that she can make and how much
metal would she have left over?
iii If she wants to make the same number of each type of frame, what is the largest
number of each type she could make, and how much metal would be left?

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Understanding

1 Is 11.34 closer to 11 or 12?

2 Is 38.892 closer to 38 or 39?

3 Which of the following decimals are between 7 and 8.

A 8.201 B 7.99 C 8.85 D 7.39

4 Consider the number 6.186.

a Which of the following pairs of consecutive whole numbers does 6.186 lie in between?

A 4 and 5 B 5 and 6 C 6 and 7 D 7 and 8

b Based on your answer in part (a), what whole number is 6.186 closer to?

5 Consider the number 24.72.

a Which of the following pairs of consecutive whole numbers does 24.72 lie in between?

A 23 and 24 B 24 and 25 C 25 and 26 D 26 and 27

b Based on your answer in part (a), what whole number is 24.72 closer to?

Fluency

6 Round the following to the nearest whole number:

a 2.19 b 5.97 c 24.09 d 33.931

e 0.5 f 0.05 g 0.799 h 89.5

Example 1

7 Round the following to the nearest tenth:

a 0.14 b 7.35 c 3.56 d 8.99

e 27.88 f 289.427 g 0.7003 h 9.992

8 Round the following to the nearest hundredth:

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 a 2.897 b 125.464 c 14.285 d 67.001
e 0.007 f 12.999 g 99.999 h 131.099

Example 2

9 Round the following to one decimal place:

a 0.41 b 8.35 c 19.38 d 0.3009

e 3.55 f 19.95 g 13.88 h 1.0099

Example 3

10 Round the following to two decimal places:

a 2.697 b 393.586 c 0.435 d 7.3582

e 79.997 f 2.0029 g 149.955 h 0.099

11 Round the following to three decimal places:

a 11.8483 b 2.159 76 c 4.504 13 d 1.199 69

e 90.0335 f 0.5987 g 41.5005 h 9.9996

Example 4

12 Round the following to four decimal places:

a 5.659 64 b 5.600 96 c 12.006 65 d 39.999 95

Reasoning

13 Opie wants to write 3 correct to three decimal places. Explain how many decimal places he
7
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needs to calculate in order to do this correctly?

14 Josie wants to write 0.321 46 correct to three decimal places. She says that the 5th decimal
place, the 6 would cause the 4 in the 4th decimal place to become a 5, and then that would
cause the 1 in the 3rd decimal place to become a 2.

a Explain what Josie has done wrong.

b Round 0.321 46 to:

i Four decimal places. ii Three decimal places.

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15 Consider rounding 4.449.

a Round 4.449 to two decimal places.

b If you were asked to round 4.449 to one decimal place, should you use the answer to part
(a) or go back to the original number in the question? Explain.

16 5.43 is closer to 5.4 than it is to 5.5, so it would round to 5.4 and not 5.5 if we were rounding
to one decimal place. 5.47 is closer to 5.5 than it is to 5.4, so it would round to 5.5 and not 5.4
if we were rounding to one decimal place. 5.45 is closer to exactly halfway between 5.4 and
5.5. What is the reason that we round it to 5.5?

Problem-solving

17 Jasper is calculating the perimeter of a rectangle. The rectangle is 8.79 cm long and 5.65 cm
wide.

a Jasper does not have a calculator, so he decided to estimate the perimeter by rounding
the length and width to the nearest whole number. What answer should he get for the
perimeter?
b Is his calculation an underestimate or an overestimate?
c Calculate the perimeter of the rectangle to two decimal places.
d What was the difference between Jasper's estimate and the value calculated in part (c),
correct to one decimal place.

18 Tommy has $50 to buy a pair of trousers and a sweatshirt. The sweatshirt is advertised at
$24.35 and the trousers at $26.25. To see if he has enough money, Tommy rounds both prices
to the nearest dollar.

a What is Tommy's estimate of the price of the trousers and the sweatshirt?
b According to his estimate, does he have enough money?
c Does he actually have enough money?
d Is it appropriate to round down in this situation?

Example 5

19 Juliet is trying to measure the weights of two bacterial cultures. The actual weights are
12.34 g and 15.78 g. However, the sensitive scale that she normally uses is broken, and the
one that she has only measures to the nearest gram.

a What are the weights measured by the scale that she can use?
b What is the difference between the weights Juliet measured?

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c Is this an underestimate or an overestimate of the actual difference between the
weights?
d What is the actual difference between the weights, correct to one decimal place?

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