Scribd
Upload
363 views16 pages

Basic Geometric Constructions

The document provides instructions for performing various geometric constructions including drawing points, lines, planes, bisecting angles and lines, drawing parallel and perpendicular lines, dividing a line into equal parts, constructing arcs tangent or intersecting other lines and arcs, and constructing regular polygons like hexagons and octagons inscribed in or circumscribed about a circle. The purpose is to teach the basic elements of technical drawing and how to perform common geometric constructions using compass and straightedge or triangular tools.

Uploaded by

Tahire Huseynova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
363 views16 pages

Basic Geometric Constructions

The document provides instructions for performing various geometric constructions including drawing points, lines, planes, bisecting angles and lines, drawing parallel and perpendicular lines, dividing a line into equal parts, constructing arcs tangent or intersecting other lines and arcs, and constructing regular polygons like hexagons and octagons inscribed in or circumscribed about a circle. The purpose is to teach the basic elements of technical drawing and how to perform common geometric constructions using compass and straightedge or triangular tools.

Uploaded by

Tahire Huseynova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

ME 113 – Engineering Drawing I

Geometric Constructions

Mechanical Engineering Dr. A


D A. T
Tolga
l B Bozdana
d
University of Gaziantep Assistant Professor
Point
h A point represents a location in space or drawing.
h It is a non
non-dimensional
dimensional geometrical element (i.e. no width, height or depth).
h It is represented by the intersection of two lines:
– by a small cross
– by a short cross-bar on a line

h Never represent a point by a simple dot on the paper.

YES YES NO

1
Line
h A line is a 1D geometrical element (i.e. indefinite length without breadth).
h A straight line is the shortest distance between two points.
h A line on a drawing indicates:
– edgeg view of a surface
– intersection of two surfaces
– surface limit

2
Alphabet of Lines

3
Plane
h A plane is obtained by three points or connection of a point and a line.

h It is a 2D geometrical element.

h Shape and name of plane changes when number of elements increases:


– Triangle (connection of three points at certain conditions)
– Square (connection of four points at certain conditions)
– Circle (connection of infinite points at certain conditions)

A A D A

B C B C
g
Triangle Square
q Circle
(3 points) (4 points) (infinite points)
4
Bisecting a line
Compass Method Triangle Method
Use a compass and any radius Use a triangle and a straight edge

5
Bisecting an angle
Step 1: Swing arc R1 to locate points D and E.

Step 2: Draw equal arcs R2 from D and E to locate point O


O.
Line AO is the bisector of angle.

6
Drawing parallel lines
Compass Method Triangle Method
Step 1: Swing two equal arcs R Step 1: Draw a line perpendicular to AB.
from line AB. Step 2: Measure the desired distance
Step 2: Draw the parallel line along the perpendicular and
tangent to the arcs. draw the parallel line through it.

7
Dividing a line
Step 1: To divide line AB into five equal lengths, lay off five equal divisions
along line AC, and connect point 5 to point B with a construction line.

Step 2: Draw a series of five construction lines parallel to line 5B.

8
Drawing an arc through three points
Step 1: Construct points A, B, D with two lines, and then construct their
perpendicular bisectors intersecting at center C.

Step 2: Use center C with the distance to points A, B, D as the radius R to


draw the arc
arc.

9
Drawing an arc tangent to two nonparallel lines

Step 1: Draw a light line parallel


t DE with
to ith radius
di R R.
Step 2: Draw a light line parallel
t and
to d R di
distant
t t ffrom line
li
AB to locate center C.

Step 3: Draw thin, dark lines from


center C perpendicular to
AB and DE to locate
tangency points.

Step 4: Draw the arc, and darken


the lines.
10
Drawing an arc tangent to two perpendicular lines

Step 1: Locate D and E using


radius R and center A.

Step 2: Find C by swinging two


arcs with radius R.

Step 3: Locate tangent points


using perpendiculars
CE and CD.

St 4:
Step 4 D
Draw th
the ttangentt arc,
and darken the lines.
11
Drawing an arc tangent to an arc and a line

Step 1: Draw a line parallel to and


R di
distant
t t from
f AB
AB.
Step 2: Add radius R to the radius
f
from center
t C.
C
Swing the extended radius
to find center O
O.

Step 3: Locate tangency points


using
i lilines OC and
d OT
OT.
Step 4: Draw tangent arc between
points
i t off tangency
t with
ith
radius R and center O.
12
Drawing an arc tangent to two arcs
Step 1: Extend each radius from
the arc passing its center
b
by a di t
distance off radius
di R
along these radii.

Step 2: Use distances from C1


and C2 to the ends of
radii, and swing the arcs
to locate center O.

Step 3: Draw thin, dark lines from


center O through centers
C1 and C2 to locate
points of tangency.

Step 4: Draw the arc between


tangency points using
radius R and center O.
13
Drawing a hexagon
h Hexagon is a six-sided regular polygon.
h There are two ways to construct a hexagon:
a) Inscribed in a circle: The circle is divided into six sectors using 30º-60º
g and the corner points found on the circle are connected.
triangle,
b) Circumscribed about a circle: The circle is divided into eight sectors
usingg 30º-60º triangle,
g , and the sides are drawn tangent
g to the circle.

14
Drawing an octagon
h Octagon is an eight-sided regular polygon.
h There are two ways to construct an octagon:
a) Inscribed in a circle: The circle is divided into eight sectors using 45º
g and the corner points found on the circle are connected.
triangle,
b) Circumscribed about a circle: The circle is divided into eight sectors
usingg 45º triangle,
g , and the sides are drawn tangent
g to the circle.

15

You might also like