Literature Review On Urbanization in Nigeria
Literature Review On Urbanization in Nigeria
Literature Review On Urbanization in Nigeria
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Despite the emphasis on improving the provision of housing by the government housing is still a
controversial issue in Nigeria; the right to housing is a basic need while good quality and affordable
housing is a reflection of a high quality of life. View industry resources compiled by our open access
team. This book is being published under Platinum Open Access through funding from Diponegoro
University, Indonesia. Introduction This article is based on findings from ongoing doctoral research
into the socio-economics of condominium housing development in Addis Ababa City, using the
Gofa-Mebrat Hail Scheme as case study. This process is also carried out in rural areas, referred to as
village renewal, though it may not be exactly the same in practice. Download Free PDF View PDF
Environment and Planning A Understanding urban sprawl in the Federal Capital City, Abuja:
Towards sustainable urbanization in Nigeria Olarewaju Ifatimehin In response to the rapid urban
sprawling due to the fast rate of urbanization, there is an increasing need for focused research with a
view to develop remediation strategies and methodologies for the effective and sustainable
environmental planning in Federal Capital City (FCC), Abuja. Hence, this study examined the spatial
pattern of residential neighbourhoods; assessed the quality of residential housing units; and
evaluated the correlation between the socio-economic position of respondents and housing quality in
Akure, Nigeria. This paper specifically focuses on an integrated approach of Remote Sensing (RS)
data, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) techniques, and ground data collected by the use of
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) receiver in facilitating urban planning. The Authors identified
structural transformation of three Nigerian cities with focus on the causes and attendant
consequences on urban development. Rising population and densification of urban areas that too
with expanding spatial horizons, the urbanization posi. Urban renewal is a land renewal process
which helps to regenerate an aging area. In many parts of Ibadan, water flows for one or two hours a
week, while in others, water has not flowed at all for months. It was observed that there are
numerous challenges facing housing for the urban poor such as poor environmental condition,
insecurity, low income and high cost of house rent in the urban area. The use of the model was to
ascertain the magnitude and significance of relationship among the identified development
indicators. However, persistent issues still exist due to the city's urbanization. Needless to mention,
even though home ownership has grown phenomenally, the price of a unit of condominium house
has risen dangerously over the period. This study, having investigated through questionnaires,
interview and field observation, the various socio-economic characteristics of three high density
residential areas, namely, Ungwan Rogo, Gangare and Dadinkowa, respectively sampled from the
Northern, Central and Southern strata of the metropolis, established that the areas are slums. Results
of investigations revealed that over 75% of the total landuse is residential and about 64% of the
buildings possess no legal documents. It recommended a reduction in the cost of building materials
and encouraging long-term loans with low-interest rates. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full
PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The findings
contribute to the academic discourse by providing insights into Lagos City's urbanization and
practical implications for sustainable urban development. In many instances in Nigeria, the lack of
accurate data impacts the analysis of current conditions of infrastructure, including maintenance
schedules and financial expenditure, impedes prioritization of investments. Ibadan: IFRA-Nigeria,
1995 (genere le 22 fevrier 2024). If the present rate of expansion of the city is not curbed,
surrounding towns, such as Ajoda new town on Ife Road, Onidundu village and Idi Ayunre to the
south, Omi Adio on Abeokuta Road, and Lalupon-Ejioku on Iwo Road will be linked by physical
development. The paper recommends adequate housing education for policy makers and general
public; formulation and vigorous implementation of affordable housing policy with the involvement
of relevant professional bodies and elimination of corruption will make achievement of housing for
all a reality. The urban population has been experiencing a rapid rise since 2010 and is expected to
grow from 60 million to almost 300 million inhabitants in Nigerian cities. These drivers of
urbanization are a product of persistently high fertility in a context of declining mortality in both
rural and urban areas. Multiple regression analysis was used in analyzing the data collected during the
study. Exacerbated by high birth rate and a continued increase in the level of rural-urban migration,
the economic, infrastructural, and social conditions in these urban centres have been incapable of
providing a good standard of living for its inhabitants. Digital Sales Sell your publications
commission-free as single issues or ongoing subscriptions. To browse Academia.edu and the wider
internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
Articles Get discovered by sharing your best content as bite-sized articles. Census data, satellite
imagery, interviews, surveys, and focus group discussions provided a comprehensive understanding
of Lagos's urbanization and its effects. Factors affecting housing delivery were also analyzed. The
proportion of the Nigerian population living in urban centres has therefore increased phenomenally
over the years; while only 7 per cent of Nigerians lived in urban centres in the 1930s, and 10 per cent
in 1950, by 1970, 1980 and 1990, 20 per cent, 27 per cent and 35 per cent lived in the cities
respectively. The major research instruments used to gather relevant information include
questionnaire administration, direct observation, photographs, housing demographic and facility
survey. In each of these summits, member nations reiterate the need for good and effective
governance as a means of achieving sustainable development in the cities.. See Full PDF Download
PDF See Full PDF Download PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is
currently unavailable. Urban renewal also helps to maintain a suitable balance among the social,
environmental, economic and cultural aspects to make sure all these dimensions are working
harmoniously to enhance the sustainability of the redevelopment areas. The Maximum Likelihood
classification method and the Mono-window algorithm were utilised in classifying land uses and
retrieving LST data. Finding this balance is a complicated and challenging process, and one that is
consistently being refined. Adobe InDesign Design pixel-perfect content like flyers, magazines and
more with Adobe InDesign. Housing and associated facilities (such as water, electricity, waste
disposal) are grossly inadequate. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Nigeria's
urban population (the urbanisation rate is around 50 percent currently, with an overall population
estimated at 170 million) will nonetheless likely double within the next 30 years, possibly much
sooner. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. A very strong correlation between
the LST and the NDVI has also been established. While the formal spaces are inhabited by the rich
or those who could afford them, the urban poor are crowded in the informal spaces. The situation
has since worsened (see Faniran, 1991a; 1991b). Download Free PDF View PDF Urban Sprawl and
Sustainable City Development in Nigeria Rosemary Nnaemeka-Okeke Download Free PDF View
PDF A Review of Enugu (Enugu State, Nigeria) Urban Growth and Development Prof. Embed Host
your publication on your website or blog with just a few clicks. Open Access Book (Free Access) -
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Sixth Edition (ISBN: 9781668473665). The
entire book is being published under open access. All available surveys seem to present the same
pathetic picture of a high rate of unemployment, a high dependency rate, low income earnings and a
subsistence living standard in most urban areas in Nigeria. Urban renewal is a land renewal process
which helps to regenerate an aging area. Finding this balance is a complicated and challenging
process, and one that is consistently being refined. You can download the paper by clicking the
button above. Earlier studies put the rate of city growth variably between 2 to 10 percent a year
(Stephen K. It recommended a reduction in the cost of building materials and encouraging long-term
loans with low-interest rates. In West Africa the rate of this growth is higher than the continent’s
average. Help Center Here you'll find an answer to your question. It is in view of this that the paper
views the challenges of housing delivery in the Lagos Metropolis.
This study is aimed at examining the effects of urbanization on housing for the urban poor in Port
Harcourt city, Nigeria. Data were analysed using percentage distribution, Pearson Correlation
Coefficient, and t-test. Data gathered from the field work were statistically analysed using various
statistical tools such as frequency tables, Pie charts, Line chart and Bar Chart. This concern has led
to several global Summits organized at various level of government, international Agencies including
the United Nations. This situation is consistent with the 'incubator hypothesis' which shows that the
location of small firms (employing less than 20 people) is influenced by the availability of utilities
and other essential services (see Linn, 1982; Lee, 1989; Verma et al., 1991). This means that a
country such as Nigeria, with its poor infrastructure, does not offer a conducive environment for
small-scale enterprises which are important to the development of the economy. The aim of this
paper is to establish the factors affecting the success of SBHPs in Ghana. The paper recommends
inclusive intervention strategies that ensures the integration of informal low-cost housing towards
increasing housing supply, without translocating existing residents; and conclude that socio-economic
characteristics are vital factors in the formulation, implementation and performance evaluation of
housing policies, strategies and programmes. The recognition of the benefits of engaging with
communities especially in cities is becoming an integral element in ensuring that all members of
society are represented. Articles Get discovered by sharing your best content as bite-sized articles.
Open Access Book (Free Access) - Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Sixth
Edition (ISBN: 9781668473665). Underlying issues on their emergence have been largely viewed as
problem and described as spontaneous, unplanned and uncoordinated development without
necessarily complying with the planning and building regulations. Already published? You can
convert your work to open access to increase. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. In
addition, a scheme meant for a population of half a million now serves over 3 million people. Many
cities have grown haphazardly without a plan, making it take the form of a slum and shanty
settlements; it is expected that urban design principle can be utilized to design a habitable and
aesthetically pleasing environment. A major limitation of the various strategies adopted is the
inadequate involvement of the people (developers) at checking the sprawl. The pap. Download Free
PDF View PDF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN: A TOOL FOR REDUCING FLOOD
VULNERABILITY AND BUILDING RESILENT CITIES IN NIGERIA Dr. Angela O Akanwa,
A. Data obtained were analysed and discussed with descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson Product
Correlation Matrix; and factor analysis with extraction method of principal component analysis for
the testing of related hypothesis in relation to the study objectives, hypotheses and identified
variables. This item cannot be shipped to your selected delivery location. Social Posts Create on-
brand social posts and Articles in minutes. It also highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to
build a prosperous, equitable, and eco-friendly city. Urbanisation in West Africa is poverty driven
with very low socio-economic transformation; this has led to the evolution of different lifestyles
among the people even in rich countries like Nigeria. The study adopted both qualitative and
quantitative methods of inquiry. The state has a population of 17 million out of a national estimate of
150 million. OECD Environment Soil Profile Soil Profile shivamghogha333 Revisions to the
Enforcement Rules of the Climate Change Response Act Revisions to the Enforcement Rules of the
Climate Change Response Act ccappr OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per-
and Polyfluoroalkyl Su. Findings reveal pressing problems such as housing shortages, infrastructure
strain, traffic congestion, waste management difficulties, and socioeconomic disparities in Lagos
City. Han Gao Download Free PDF View PDF The ideal adhesive stress-strain curve to obtain a
maximum tackiness C. Access to land, mortgage loans and building materials at affordable prices
have become increasingly difficult and have limited the ability of most people to build their own
houses. In conclusion, integrating geospatial technologies with ancillary datasets offered improved
understanding of how urbanization processes such as increased imperviousness of such a magnitude
could influence the urban microclimate through the alteration of natural land surface temperature.
The Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Sixth Edition) continues the legacy set
forth by the first five editions by providing comprehensive coverage and up-to-date definitions of
the most important issues, concepts, and trends pertaining to technological advancements and
information management within a variety of settings and industries.
Fullscreen Sharing Deliver a distraction-free reading experience with a simple link. Nigerian cities
are not left out in the global urbanization trends. Primary data collected included drivers of urban
expansion, residents’ demography, locational convenience and commuting frequency. Many cities
have grown haphazardly without a plan, making it take the form of a slum and shanty settlements; it
is expected that urban design principle can be utilized to design a habitable and aesthetically pleasing
environment. This is how better quality of environment can be achieved and sustained. Significant
proportion of the ten top diseases reported in the city is communicable and infectious diseases.
Housing, especially for workers will also help boost economy, create work and employment for
construction industry professionals. In some cities, industrial land use is also identified. The result of
the investigation revealed that the majority of the apartments occupied by the urban poor in Uyo
metropolis are mostly single rooms and self-contained. For example, the physical extent of Enugu
was 72.52 square kilometres in 1963. These slums need to be transformed by demolishing old
structures, renovating and building new and modern structures and infrastructures that redefine the
areas. It's like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace. Understanding squatters and slums in
the context of urban planning and develo. The importance of housing in every life of human being
and in national economy in general is enormous. Undesirable effects and negative outcomes such as
urban disharmony, reduction in the quality of the urban environment and urban life, and limitations
to the potential of the cities in meeting needs are pointed out. It will play an even more pivotal role
by 2037, when the urban population in Nigeria’s cities will have doubled. OECD Environment
Compact Hydrogen Refueling Station(CHRS) Compact Hydrogen Refueling Station(CHRS) HNO
International OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su.
Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (JNITP) 10: 66-74. Local authorities and NGOs
have implemented sustainable urban development initiatives, including transport upgrades, green
space promotion, waste management, and housing solutions. The trend of development from the
initial points to other areas was rapid initially but slowed down in the later years. Citizens will be
crucial to ensure that these studies gain a full insight and to fully integrate the city’s cultural identity.
Urban renewal also helps to maintain a suitable balance among the social, environmental, economic
and cultural aspects to make sure all these dimensions are working harmoniously to enhance the
sustainability of the redevelopment areas. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and
more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. This process often involves
demolition of old building structures relocation of businesses and people. Statistics Make data-driven
decisions to drive reader engagement, subscriptions, and campaigns. Moreover, the capacity of law
enforcement institutions to prevent crime is increasingly hampered by technological and resource
limitations. Not only will this process help Ibadan, other Nigerian cities facing similar challenges will
be able to glean key lessons from its use. This situation is consistent with the 'incubator hypothesis'
which shows that the location of small firms (employing less than 20 people) is influenced by the
availability of utilities and other essential services (see Linn, 1982; Lee, 1989; Verma et al., 1991).
This means that a country such as Nigeria, with its poor infrastructure, does not offer a conducive
environment for small-scale enterprises which are important to the development of the economy.
Download Free PDF View PDF Eco-City: An Alternative Concept for Sustainable Urban Renewal in
Metropolitan Lagos (A Case Study of Ilaje Bariga Slum) Oluwafemi Olajide Download Free PDF
View PDF European Journal of Cancer Preliminary experiences of second surgery combined with
postoperative systemic therapy in patients with recurrent Glioblastoma Paolo Perrini, Francesco
Pasqualetti Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry,
preview is currently unavailable. Data obtained were analysed and discussed with descriptive
statistical analysis, Pearson Product Correlation Matrix; and factor analysis with extraction method of
principal component analysis for the testing of related hypothesis in relation to the study objectives,
hypotheses and identified variables.
It also examined the socio-economic status of respondents, the perception of their living
environments and problems experienced. Data were analysed using percentage distribution, Pearson
Correlation Coefficient, and t-test. Significant proportion of the ten top diseases reported in the city
is communicable and infectious diseases. Septic tank, septictank, septic tank biofil, biotech septic
tank Septic tank, septictank, septic tank biofil, biotech septic tank Scaling Agroforestry in US
Agriculture AM Scaling Agroforestry in US Agriculture AM OECD Global Forum on the
Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su. Though the contribution of self-build
housing is significant to the country’s housing stock many self-build housing projects are left
uncompleted. Okonkwo Download Free PDF View PDF Architecture, Urbanization and Urban
Development in Nigeria: The Key Missing Link in Abuja Urban Housing Built Environment IOSR
Journals Various current movements in urban design seek to create sustainable urban environments
with long-lasting structures and a great livability for its inhabitants. These categories were then
utilised to conduct time series analysis or change detection analysis.Results of this study revealed
that the built-up area has changed over the preceding three deca. Housing problem in Africa
especially in Nigeria is not only limited to quantities but also qualities of the available housing units
environment. The findings contribute to the academic discourse by providing insights into Lagos
City's urbanization and practical implications for sustainable urban development. Download Free
PDF View PDF Challenges of Housing Delivery in Metropolitan Lagos Enisan Gbenga The need for
adequate and decent housing is now part of the central focus and an integral component in National
strategies for growth and poverty reduction. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster
and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Also, the emissivity per pixel
is retrieved directly from satellite data and estimated as narrow band emissivity at the satellite sensor
in order to have the least error in the surface temperature estimation. The findings contribute to the
academic discourse by providing insights into Lagos City's urbanization and practical implications
for sustainable urban development. Lagos as the economic focal point of Nigeria has one of highest
rate of urbanization among Nigerian urban areas. In view of the ecological and environmental
challenges that accompany such rapid sprawl development, the study recommends measures that
would reduce the otherwise rapid rate of urban sprawl in the FCC and to ensure sustainable
urbanization. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry,
preview is currently unavailable. Understanding that redeveloping urban areas is much harder and
more expensive than new development. As a prerequisite to the survival of man, housing ranks
second only to food. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The failure of the
Nigerian government to respond adequately to the increasing demand for urban infrastructural
services has had the following consequences. Housing and associated facilities (such as water,
electricity, waste disposal) are grossly inadequate. Nigerian cities are not left out in the global
urbanization trends. However, extensive redevelopment (in parts of the area) and provision of urban
basic services are strongly recommended as means of restoring life back to the area. According to
Lagos State Government (2009), Lagos State population growth rate of 8 per cent has resulted in its
capturing of 36.8 per cent of Nigeria’s urban population estimate at 49.8 million people of the nation
population. It also brings new urban designs and new concepts to the targeted redevelopment areas.
OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su. This situation is
consistent with the 'incubator hypothesis' which shows that the location of small firms (employing
less than 20 people) is influenced by the availability of utilities and other essential services (see Linn,
1982; Lee, 1989; Verma et al., 1991). This means that a country such as Nigeria, with its poor
infrastructure, does not offer a conducive environment for small-scale enterprises which are
important to the development of the economy. To achieve a successful Physical Masterplan in
Ibadan, it will require a careful balance of both top-down and bottom-up approaches to improve the
potential opportunity of creating a city that is vibrant, resilient, and inclusive; essential elements to
create cities that can lead efforts of reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. To calculate the
overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Issuu turns
PDFs and other files into interactive flipbooks and engaging content for every channel.
Coupled with this problem, is the total neglect of renewal and maintenance as at when due which
eventually led to unplanned development, inadequate provision of social services, as well as
infrastructural facilities and environmental degradation. This has resulted in overcrowding, excessive
house rents, poor or total absence of infrastructural facilities, and unwholesome and unhygienic
environments generally. In many parts of Ibadan, water flows for one or two hours a week, while in
others, water has not flowed at all for months. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster
and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Research has revealed that
there has been a decline in the quality of education and educational services in Nigeria. Stratified
random sampling technique was adopted to avoid sampling bias. Download Free PDF View PDF
See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The findings
contribute to the academic discourse by providing insights into Lagos City's urbanization and
practical implications for sustainable urban development. Remote Sensing and GPS were used to
generate data for the study. OECD Environment OECD Global Forum on the Environment
dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su. It's like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace.
Coupled with this problem, is the total neglect of renewal and maintenance as at when due which
eventually led to unplanned development, inadequate provision of social services, as well as
infrastructural facilities and environmental degradation. View industry resources compiled by our
open access team. OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl
Su. A single building can also be studied for its effectiveness. Journal of the Institute of Housing
Management (November): 1-5. The paper investigates the significance of socio-economic
characteristics of residents on informal low-cost housing development and its influence on
construction strategy adopted in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Primary data collected included drivers of urban
expansion, residents’ demography, locational convenience and commuting frequency. Findings reveal
pressing problems such as housing shortages, infrastructure strain, traffic congestion, waste
management difficulties, and socioeconomic disparities in Lagos City. Download Free PDF View
PDF CHALLENGES FACING NIGERIA'S URBAN ENVIRONMENT: THE ABUJA CASE Job
Momoh M.Arch, PhD The continued growth of urban population in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa
has brought along with it, a myriad of challenges. GIFs Highlight your latest work via email or social
media with custom GIFs. OECD Environment OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated
to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su. The World Bank. (Also processed as World Bank PPR Working
Paper WPS 325). This paper thus investigates the issues of uncontrolled urban growth in Abuja,
Nigeria by discerning the issues encountered in rural-urban drift in Nyanya, in order to create a
humane-living environment that tends towards attaining sustainable development. The study utilised
data collected through the use of inventory data sheets and handheld Global Positioning System
(GPS) for ground truthing. Ibadan has been hit by numerous floods in its history, with the latest in
2011 killing more than 100 people and causing considerable damage to properties and infrastructure.
The city witnessed series of crises almost throughout the last decade with the high density residential
areas mostly affected. Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies 5(2): 67-80. This pattern of
population growth has resulted in a very dense network of urban centres (Oladunjoye, 2005). This
suggests that, informal low-cost housing have become a phenomenon that has come to stay in
Abeokuta and its environs as in other cities.
Rising population and densification of urban areas that too with expanding spatial horizons, the
urbanization posi. Local authorities and NGOs have implemented sustainable urban development
initiatives, including transport upgrades, green space promotion, waste management, and housing
solutions. The result has been a gradual decline in the quality of the environment and in the quality of
life. A major limitation of the various strategies adopted is the inadequate involvement of the people
(developers) at checking the sprawl. The pap. Download Free PDF View PDF SUSTAINABLE
URBAN DESIGN: A TOOL FOR REDUCING FLOOD VULNERABILITY AND BUILDING
RESILENT CITIES IN NIGERIA Dr. Angela O Akanwa, A. A single building can also be studied
for its effectiveness. The recognition of the benefits of engaging with communities especially in
cities is becoming an integral element in ensuring that all members of society are represented. You
can download the paper by clicking the button above. The result of the investigation revealed that the
majority of the apartments occupied by the urban poor in Uyo metropolis are mostly single rooms
and self-contained. The result of this study shows that Ugep urban is highly urbanized considering its
increasing population in all the wards. This contradictory trend arises mostly from the failures of past
efforts by the government and the private sector. This qualitative study expands on current
knowledge with regards to the current challenges facing Nigeria's urban environment with focus on
Abuja, the Federal Capital of Nigeria as a primary case. Using your mobile phone camera - scan the
code below and download the Kindle app. This gives an average annual physical expansion rate of
5.98 square kilometres between 1963 and 1983. This paper therefore investigates the old traditional
neighbourhoods in Oke-Itoku area of Abeokuta, using a well structured questionnaire administered
to the residents of the Neighbourhood with a view to finding out the conditions of buildings in the
area and how it could be improved. This paper specifically focuses on an integrated approach of
Remote Sensing (RS) data, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) techniques, and ground data
collected by the use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) receiver in facilitating urban planning.
This paper seeks to investigate factors that have militated against previous efforts and recommend
suggested solutions to the problem. Two third of this population reside in small and intermediate
coastal centres with 60% in cities of less than 500,000 inhabitants. Their emergence have been
largely viewed as problem and aptly described as spontaneous, unplanned and uncoordinated
development often carried out through self-help efforts without necessarily complying with the
planning and building regulations and standards. Digital Sales Sell your publications commission-
free as single issues or ongoing subscriptions. In recent times, public-private partnerships have
evolved at different urban centres to produce houses which are inaccessible to the low-income
households. The goal of the chapter therefore is to examine the socio-economic and environmental
consequences of rapid urbanization as experienced in Lagos State. The major trend in Africa like
other places in the world shows that a larger portion of these urban areas are located in the coastal
zones. And to identify and analyse challenges that relate to sustainable development, the cause of
increase in population of Nyanya and the need for proper services and infrastructure in the area. This
paper specifically focuses on an integrated approach of Remote Sensing (RS) data, Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) techniques, and ground data collected by the use of Global Positioning
Systems (GPS) receiver in facilitating urban planning. Built environments provide the basic
necessities for human life as we know it, and therefore must be functional and healthy for all.
Articles Get discovered by sharing your best content as bite-sized articles. Urban renewal are
financed by both private and the public sector. This paper explores a review of academic outputs on
different challenges of urbanization bedeviling cities in Nigeria and identifies a porous cities
management system that allows a wide gap of in-balance between numerous urban dynamics.
Findings from the work show that 58.80% of the buildings in the study area are not in good
condition and in as such the need for upgrading is essential. Compact Hydrogen Refueling
Station(CHRS) Compact Hydrogen Refueling Station(CHRS) OECD Global Forum on the
Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su.