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Computer 1st & 2nd & 3rd Generations

The document outlines the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors instead of tubes, and the third saw the introduction of integrated circuits. The fourth generation was marked by the development of microprocessors and very large scale integrated circuits. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence and attempts to endow computers with human-like thinking and decision-making abilities.

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59 views8 pages

Computer 1st & 2nd & 3rd Generations

The document outlines the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors instead of tubes, and the third saw the introduction of integrated circuits. The fourth generation was marked by the development of microprocessors and very large scale integrated circuits. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence and attempts to endow computers with human-like thinking and decision-making abilities.

Uploaded by

anilkumarpermar2
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 First Generation (1946-1959)

 Second Generation (1959-1965)


 Third Generation (1965-1970)
 Fourth Generation (1970-1985)
 Fifth Generation (1985-onwords

1. First Generation (1946-1959)

A list of computer of this generation were,


ENIAC (electronic numerical Integrator and Calculator (1946) john mauchly

EDVAC (electronic Discrete Variable Automatic computer (1949) john mauchly &Eckert.

UNIVAC (universal Automatic Computer (1951) john Mauchly&eckert.

 In this generation Vacuum tubes were used as enternal computer components.


 Vaccum tubes size was same a light bulbs.
 Thousands of Vaccum tubes were requires.
 They generate a great deal of heat.
 So they are casing so many problems.
 Punch cards were also used in this generation.

 Magnetic tape (store data) introduced in 1957.

 Magnetic tape was faster and more compact method of storing data.

 Advantages of 1st Generation


 Vaccum tubes were used instead of relays
 In 1957 Magnetic tape was introduced.
 Electronic and fast in speed.
 Punch cards were also used for input.
 Magnetic tape was used for external storage.

 Disadvantages of 1st Generation


 Very big in size
 Slow in speed
 Low reliability
 Power consumption was large
 Maintenance of these computers was very difficult
 They were used for limited time.

2. Seconds generation (1959-1965)

A list of same computer of this generation were,


UNIVAC II (universal automatic computer II)

IBM-1401 (International business machine –1401)


CDC-1604 (Central data corporation-1604)

IBM-1600 Series (International business machine –1600 series)


NCR-300 (National cash Register)(company)

 In this generation transistors were used instead of Vaccum Tubes.


 Transistors were a breakthrough technology that allowed computers to become physically
smaller but more powerful, more reliable and even faster than before.
 William Shockley Bardeen and well honey Brattain developed the transistor in 1947.
 The transistor was about one hundredth the size of Vaccum tubes.
 Transistors were less expensive and smaller, required less electricity, and generate less heat
than Vaccum tubes.
 The life of transistors was much more than the life of a Vaccum tubes.
 In 1962 the first removable disk was introduced.

 Characteristics of 2nd Generation

 Transistors were used instead of Vacuum tubes.


 Magnetic tape also used for most common external storage but magnetic disks were
traduced.
 Punch card and magnetic tape were used for input.
 High level languages used such as.
 FORTRAN (formula transfer)
 BASIC (beginners All-purpose symbolic instruction code for programming.
 Human operator was required handle punch cards.
 Second Generation computers were developed transistors that were able to perform single
operations in microsecond and were capable to store huge data.
3. Third Generation (1965-1970)
A list of some computers of this Generation
IBM-370/168 (international business machine –370/168)

IBM-360 series (international business machine –360 series)

ICL-1900 series (interface clear-1900 series)


ICL-2900 series (interface clear –2900 series)

Honey Well model 360 etc

 An IC (Integrated Circuit) was complete electronic circuit on a small chip of silicon was begun
in 1965 and replaced instead of transistor.
 An IC chip contains many components such as transistors, diocles, and resistance’s
interconnected to each other.
 These computers were smaller in size and consumed very little power.
 Software become easier during this Generation, permitting several programs to run at a time
 Monitors and keyboards were introduced for data input and output.
 Magnetic disks were improved and were used more for storage.
 Operating system controlled the computer, and human operators were no longer required.
 High level languages continued to be developed, including RPG (report program generator)
and Pascal.
4. Fourth Generation (1970-1985)
A list of some computers of this generation were,
IBM-PC (international business machine personal computer)
Apple Macintosh,
PET –print enhancement Technology (Compaq)
 Very large scale Integrated circuits (VLSIC) were developed in 1971
 A (VLSIC) contained a computer central processing unit (CPU) on a single silicon chip
 Microprocessor was used instead of ICs
 In this generation computer gained dramatically the speed, reliability and storage capacity
 The fourth Generation was infect in extensive of third generation technology

5. Fifth Generation (1985- onward)

A list of some computer of 5th generation is


386=(1985), 486=(1989), P-I=(1993), P=II (1997), P-III (1999), P-VI (2000) etc
 Till fourth generation computers the main stress was on the improvement of hardware
 Increased the speed and reduced the size and cost
 Computer has takes decision power thinking power
 Powerful software were introduced
 Computer works like human being Exp.: Robot
 Microprocessor also uses and improved
 Improvements in computer hardware and software may reduce very powerful computers
than those in current use

 A machine exhibit what may be called artificial intelligence (AI)

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