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CPE335 Topic 2 Pt2 Block Diagram Reduction Rules

This document outlines 10 rules for simplifying block diagrams through block diagram reduction. It presents the rules with examples showing how to apply each rule to transform a block diagram representation into an equivalent transfer function expression. The rules cover techniques like combining components in series and parallel, extracting transfer functions for closed loop systems, and manipulating where inputs, outputs, and summations are taken in the block diagram. An example problem is presented to apply the rules, and an upcoming topic on more advanced block diagram techniques is noted.

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27 views23 pages

CPE335 Topic 2 Pt2 Block Diagram Reduction Rules

This document outlines 10 rules for simplifying block diagrams through block diagram reduction. It presents the rules with examples showing how to apply each rule to transform a block diagram representation into an equivalent transfer function expression. The rules cover techniques like combining components in series and parallel, extracting transfer functions for closed loop systems, and manipulating where inputs, outputs, and summations are taken in the block diagram. An example problem is presented to apply the rules, and an upcoming topic on more advanced block diagram techniques is noted.

Uploaded by

afdsalado113
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CPE335

FIRST SEMESTER SY 2023 – 2024

Topic 2 pt.2: Block Diagram Reduction Rules


Rule 1: Cascading / Series

Goal: Y(s) = R(s)T(s)

T(s) = ?
TS = ς 𝐺(𝑠)
T(s)

Solution:
Step 1: Get the multiplication of all components Y(s) = R(s) 𝐺1 ∙ 𝐺2 ∙ 𝐺3
T(s) = 𝐺1 ∙ 𝐺2 ∙ 𝐺3
Rule 1: Cascading / Series

T(s) = 𝐺1 ∙ 𝐺2 ∙ 𝐺3
Y(s) = R(s) 𝐺1 ∙ 𝐺2 ∙ 𝐺3
Rule 2: Parallel Systems
Goal: Y(s) = R(s)T(s)

T(s) = ?
TS = σ 𝐺(𝑠)

Solution:
Step 1: Get the sum of all
components
T(s) T(s) = 𝐺1 + 𝐺2 + (−𝐺3)
= 𝐺1 + 𝐺2 − 𝐺3

Y(s) = R(s) 𝐺1 + 𝐺2 − 𝐺3
Rule 2: Parallel Systems

T(s) = 𝐺1 + 𝐺2 − 𝐺3
Y(s) = R(s) 𝐺1 + 𝐺2 − 𝐺3
Rule 3: Closed Loop System

Goal: Y(s) = R(s)T(s)

T(s) = ?
𝐹𝑃𝐺
TS = 1 ± 𝐿𝐺

T(s)
Solution:
𝐺
Step 1: Get the Forward Path gain and Loop Gain T(s) =
1 ±𝐺𝐻
FPG (Upper Components) = G(s) 𝐺
Y(s) = R(s)
LG = FPG x Feedback loop components = G(s)H(s) 1 ±𝐺𝐻
Rule 3: Closed Loop System

𝐺
T(s) =
1 ±𝐺𝐻

𝐺
Y(s) = R(s)
1 ±𝐺𝐻
Rule 4: Shifting Take-off before Block

Y(s) = 𝑅 𝑠 𝐺(𝑠)

= 𝑅 𝑠 ≠ 𝑌(𝑠)
Rule 4: Shifting Take-off before Block

Y(s) = 𝑅 𝑠 𝐺(𝑠)

Y(s) = 𝑅 𝑠 𝐺(𝑠)
Rule 5: Shifting Take-off after Block

=𝑅 𝑠

= 𝑅 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠 ≠ 𝑅(𝑠)
Rule 5: Shifting Take-off after Block

=𝑅 𝑠

1
=𝑅 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠 ( ) = 𝑅(𝑠)
𝐺(𝑠)
Rule 6: Shifting Take-off before Sum

= 𝑅1 𝑠 − 𝑅2(𝑠)

= 𝑅1 𝑠 ≠ (𝑅1 𝑠 − 𝑅2 𝑠 )
Rule 6: Shifting Take-off before Sum

= 𝑅1 𝑠 − 𝑅2(𝑠)

= (𝑅1 𝑠 − 𝑅2 𝑠 )
Rule 7: Shifting Take-off after Sum

= 𝑅1 𝑠

= (𝑅1 𝑠 − 𝑅2 𝑠 ) ≠ 𝑅1 𝑠
Rule 7: Shifting Take-off after Sum

= 𝑅1 𝑠

= 𝑅1 𝑠
Rule 8: Rearrangement of Sums

Y(s) = (𝑅1 𝑠 + 𝑅2 𝑠 − 𝑅3 𝑠 )(𝐺(𝑠))

Y(s) = (𝑅1 𝑠 + 𝑅2 𝑠 − 𝑅3 𝑠 )(𝐺(𝑠))


Rule 9: Shifting Sum before Block

Y(s) = 𝑅1 𝑠 𝐺(𝑠) + 𝑅2(𝑠)

Y(s) = 𝑅1 𝑠 + 𝑅2 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑅1 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠 + 𝑅2 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠
≠ 𝑅1 𝑠 𝐺(𝑠) + 𝑅2(𝑠)
Rule 9: Shifting Sum before Block

Y(s) = 𝑅1 𝑠 𝐺(𝑠) + 𝑅2(𝑠)


Rule 10: Shifting Sum after Block

Y(s) = 𝑅1 𝑠 + 𝑅2 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠
= 𝑅1 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠 + 𝑅2 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠

Y(s) = 𝑅1 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠 + 𝑅2 𝑠
≠ 𝑅1 𝑠 𝐺 𝑠 + 𝑅2 𝑠 G(s)
Rule 10: Shifting Sum after Block

Y(s) = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 𝐺 𝑠
= 𝑅1 𝑠 𝐺(𝑠) + 𝑅2 𝑠 𝐺(𝑠)
Example Problem
Find the closed-loop transfer function of the following system through block-diagram
simplification
Assignment Seatwork
Find the closed-loop transfer function of the following system through block-diagram
simplification
That’s All!
To be Continued…

Up Next
More about Block Diagrams (Transfer Functions and RLC
Applications)

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