Medieval Literature Review
Medieval Literature Review
Medieval Literature Review
The intricate tapestry of themes, narratives, and historical contexts woven throughout this period
demands meticulous attention and comprehensive analysis. Amidst the labyrinth of texts spanning
centuries, crafting a literature review that encapsulates the essence and significance of Medieval
literature requires both expertise and dedication.
The process of writing a literature review on Medieval literature entails navigating through a
multitude of primary sources, secondary critiques, and scholarly interpretations. It necessitates a deep
understanding of the socio-cultural dynamics, linguistic evolution, and literary conventions prevalent
during the Medieval era. Delving into the works of renowned authors such as Chaucer, Dante, and
Petrarch, while also exploring lesser-known texts, requires a keen eye for detail and critical acumen.
One of the most challenging aspects of composing a literature review on Medieval literature lies in
synthesizing diverse perspectives and theories. From analyzing the religious allegories in medieval
poetry to dissecting the complexities of courtly love in Arthurian romances, every aspect demands
meticulous examination and scholarly discourse. Moreover, identifying gaps in existing research and
offering insightful contributions to the academic discourse adds another layer of complexity to the
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Discipline and Romance, Patricia Clare Ingham Part 6: Time and Place 23. In comparison to them the
actual bodies which we see with our fleshly sight, both celestial and terrestrial, are far more certain.
All this information is posted online on our websites. Odmaturuj! z anglickeho jazyka. Vyd. 1. Brno:
Didaktis, 2005, 256 s. Odmaturuj!. ISBN 80-735-8024-1. BRENDLOVA, Svetla. Realie anglicky
mluvicich zemi. 2., dopl. vyd. Plzen: Fraus, c1996, 79 s. In France Jean Bodel (1165-1210):
Troubadour, playwright and French poet who classified legendary themes of the Middle Ages into
three subjects: The Matter of Rome, the Matter of Brittany and the Matter of France. Knights in
Disguise: Identity and Incognito in Fourteenth-Century Chivalry, Susan Crane 28. Antecedents of
medieval literature From the antecedents of medieval literature we can cite the following: The fall of
Rome, which represented the political center of the Empire. IshaAli11 grade 9 english 1.pdf grade 9
english 1.pdf DaryllglennTumalon Ppt - History of English Literature - The Beginnings. Iniquity
gives itself the lie, either by corrupting or by perverting that nature which thou hast made and
ordained. The Middle Ages Plain: This epoch develops during the 11th and 13th centuries. By this
inner righteousness Abraham and Isaac, and Jacob and Moses and David, and all those commended
by the mouth of God were righteous and were judged unrighteous only by foolish men who were
judging by human judgment and gauging their judgment of the mores of the whole human race by
the narrow norms of their own mores. Bridgette also does some editing at Supreme Dissertations and
ClassyEssay. Nevertheless, when God commands anything contrary to the customs or compacts of
any nation, even though it were never done by them before, it is to be done; and if it has been
interrupted, it is to be restored; and if it has never been established, it is to be established. This is
what happens whenever thou art forsaken, O Fountain of Life, who art the one and true Creator and
Ruler of the universe. The poem offers a picture of Medieval England political and social situation:
references to contemporary kings, Black Death, Hundred Years' War and Paesants revolt. Whence
came this vision unless it was that thy ears were inclined toward her heart. Augustine decides to
become a Christian catechumen. Still, by that dream, the joy that was to come to that pious woman so
long after was predicted long before, as a consolation for her present anguish. For the fellowship that
should be between God and us is violated whenever that nature of which he is the author is polluted
by perverted lust. The Medieval Literature is all those works written during the Medieval Age. I am
the Principal Investigator of the NEH-Funded 'Stanford Global Currents' ( ) and Co-PI of the
AHRC-funded research project and ebook, The Production and Use of English Manuscripts, 1060 to
1220 (Leicester, 2010; version 2.0 ). With Benjamin Albritton, I run Stanford Manuscript Studies;
and with Thomas Mullaney and Kathryn Starkey, I co-direct SILICON ( ). There are many ways you
can get back on track with Magento Store. How did monarchs gain power over nobles and the
Church. For he answered that I was still unteachable, being inflated with the novelty of that heresy,
and that I had already perplexed divers inexperienced persons with vexatious questions, as she
herself had told him. And still thy faithful mercy hovered over me from afar. And, being blind, I
blamed those pious fathers, not only for making use of present things as God had commanded and
inspired them to do, but also for foreshadowing things to come, as God revealed it to them. For the
best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. The Sum against the
Gentiles The nine treated in the form of academic disputes. Many of the works of medieval literature
are by unknown authors. For, just as among the authorities in human society, the greater authority is
obeyed before the lesser, so also must God be above all. 16. This applies as well to deeds of violence
where there is a real desire to harm another, either by humiliating treatment or by injury.
For this name, by thy mercy, O Lord, this name of my Saviour thy Son, my tender heart had piously
drunk in, deeply treasured even with my mother’s milk. And I did fall precipitately into the love I
was longing for. Canterbury Tales, Resources for understanding the era's literature includes The
Discarded Image by C.S. Lewis, Literary Analysis what will be analyzed wk 01, Resources for
understanding the era's literature will allow additions to notes and to skills for Literary Analysis,
Medieval Myths, Legends, and Songs is for Dialectic, The Parable of the Christ-Knight. How did
strong monarchs succeed in unifying France. Rating: 0 out of 5 stars ( 0 ratings ) About this ebook
These excerpts from works of philosophy and religion, history and drama, fiction, poetry, and other
genres introduce the many facets of medieval literature. At first in thenave of the church, then into
the churchyard. But at that time, in my wretchedness, I loved to grieve; and I sought for things to
grieve about. I was now nineteen; my father had been dead two years. Food in dreams appears like
our food awake; yet the sleepers are not nourished by it, for they are asleep. The anthology opens
with chapters from The Confessions of St. This literary genre has its origin in early French literature.
Monarchs, Nobles and the Church How was power distributed amongst these groups in the middle
ages. Here he meets Ambrose, who confronts him as an impressive witness for Catholic Christianity
and opens out the possibilities of the allegorical interpretation of Scripture. Between the Old and the
Middle of English, Christopher Cannon 20. Woe, woe, by what steps I was dragged down to the
depths of hell ??—toiling and fuming because of my lack of the truth, even when I was seeking after
thee, my God. If the misfortunes of the characters—whether historical or entirely imaginary—are
represented so as not to touch the feelings of the spectator, he goes away disgusted and complaining.
Thou art not even the soul, which is the life of bodies; and, clearly, the life of the body is better than
the body itself. Stresses the importance of constructing contexts for reading literature. For example,
when suitable reserves for hard times are provided, we cannot judge that this is done merely from a
hoarding impulse. By Kevin Vo. What does Medieval Literature Consist of. These works explored
politics and other secular matters. Still I was relatively sedate, O Lord, as thou knowest, and had no
share in the wreckings of The Wreckers ? (for this stupid and diabolical name was regarded as the
very badge of gallantry) among whom I lived with a sort of ashamed embarrassment that I was not
even as they were. When I then turned toward the Scriptures, they appeared to me to be quite
unworthy to be compared with the dignity of Tully. ? For my inflated pride was repelled by their
style, nor could the sharpness of my wit penetrate their inner meaning. Only this checked my ardor:
that the name of Christ was not in it. A plain lies between them, full of people from the poet's world
come una sorta di Purgatorio. I supervise honors students and graduate students working in early
literature, Book History, and Digital Humanities and I am committed to providing a supportive and
ethical environment in all my work. Medieval history can be divided into three stages, in which
literature took part. Whence came this vision unless it was that thy ears were inclined toward her
heart. While those genres tend to focus on the exploits and accomplishments of the individual, these
celebrate community and collectivism. For if good will were to be ill will—which it cannot be—only
then could he who is truly and sincerely compassionate wish that there were some unhappy people so
that he might commiserate them.
Tarasenko-StrucPHL 312Dec. 3 2019Interpers Haoyu TianPeof. Genres The literary genres used in
medieval literature were epics, lyrics, narrative and theatre. Iniquity gives itself the lie, either by
corrupting or by perverting that nature which thou hast made and ordained. Imagining Polities:
Social Possibility and Conflict, Marion Turner 33. Heal all my bones and let them say, O Lord, who
is like unto thee. I have been an American Philosophical Society Franklin Fellow, a Princeton Procter
Fellow, and a Fellow of the Stanford Clayman Institute for Gender Studies. Faustus comes to
Carthage and Augustine is disenchanted in his hope for solid demonstration of the truth of
Manichean doctrine. Later, searching the chapel where the Knight dwells, Guwain reaches a castle
whose lord secretly tests his moral strength. Why Is Friendship Important In The Perks Of Being A.
Whence came this vision unless it was that thy ears were inclined toward her heart. It has three
stages: the High Middle Ages, the Flat Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages. Christianity and
Middle English Romance, Corinne Saunders Part 2: Belief and Thought 5. The Most Extreme: Iconic
Authors of the Middle Ages 6. In England Monk Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100-1155): The works of
this monk are of great importance to the medieval history of the British monarchy. Food in dreams
appears like our food awake; yet the sleepers are not nourished by it, for they are asleep. In April
2021, I became a Trustee of the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth ( ). For the closed heart
does not bar thy sight into it, nor does the hardness of our heart hold back thy hands, for thou canst
soften it at will, either by mercy or in vengeance, and there is no one who can hide himself from thy
heat. ?? But let my soul praise thee, that it may love thee, and let it confess thy mercies to thee, that it
may praise thee. For example, when suitable reserves for hard times are provided, we cannot judge
that this is done merely from a hoarding impulse. Site information Contact Us Terms and conditions
Privacy Policy Manage Account Log in Get Text Updates. How far, then, art thou from those
fantasies of mine, fantasies of bodies which have no real being at all. I was looking for something to
love, for I was in love with loving, and I hated security and a smooth way, free from snares.
Nowadays I feel much more pity for one who delights in his wickedness than for one who counts
himself unfortunate because he fails to obtain some harmful pleasure or suffers the loss of some
miserable felicity. None of the links on this concept map will work until it is reactivated. In another
man’s misery, even though it was feigned and impersonated on the stage, that performance of the
actor pleased me best and attracted me most powerfully which moved me to tears. If the misfortunes
of the characters—whether historical or entirely imaginary—are represented so as not to touch the
feelings of the spectator, he goes away disgusted and complaining. It’s fairly easy to tell that the
stories of King Arthur were largely influenced by other famous rulers and explorers including
Alexander the Great. I came upon that brazen woman, devoid of prudence, who, in Solomon’s
obscure parable, sits at the door of the house on a seat and says, Stolen waters are sweet, and bread
eaten in secret is pleasant. ?? This woman seduced me, because she found my soul outside its own
door, dwelling on the sensations of my flesh and ruminating on such food as I had swallowed
through these physical senses. I am the Principal Investigator of the NEH-Funded 'Stanford Global
Currents' ( ) and Co-PI of the AHRC-funded research project and ebook, The Production and Use of
English Manuscripts, 1060 to 1220 (Leicester, 2010; version 2.0 ). With Benjamin Albritton, I run
Stanford Manuscript Studies; and with Thomas Mullaney and Kathryn Starkey, I co-direct SILICON
( ). These poems are based upon an exceptionally complex metric structure, and often involve a
unique version of metaphors known as the kenning. Rating: 0 out of 5 stars ( 0 ratings ) About this
ebook These excerpts from works of philosophy and religion, history and drama, fiction, poetry, and
other genres introduce the many facets of medieval literature.
This is what happens whenever thou art forsaken, O Fountain of Life, who art the one and true
Creator and Ruler of the universe. In the end Guwain discovers that the Green Knight and the lord
are the same person, scolding him for his moral weakness and explaining that he was sent by
Morgana to test his pride and fame and those of other knights. Pope Innocent III was suspicious of
these works and in the year 1210 forbade priests from acting on the stage. And I remained without
any appetite for incorruptible food—not because I was already filled with it, but because the emptier
I became the more I loathed it. It engages with the familiarities present in the narratives and connects
these ideas with a contemporary, twenty-first century audience. But if his feelings are deeply
touched, he sits it out attentively, and sheds tears of joy. 3. Tears and sorrow, then, are loved.
Literature has transformed greatly throughout the centuries, but it. He has published work (both
fiction and scholarly articles) in a variety of online and print journals in addition to publishing a
memoir about growing up and living with type 1 diabetes. Charlemagne. Ag Rev 1050-1200. Heavy
Plow 3 Field System crop rotation Use of iron and horses. Dullness and the Fifteenth Century, David
Lawton Part 9: Desire and Performance 35. Because of this my soul was unhealthy; and, full of
sores, it exuded itself forth, itching to be scratched by scraping on the things of the senses. ? Yet,
had these things no soul, they would certainly not inspire our love. What do you know about life in
the Middle Ages in Europe, particularly England. Trace The Development Of English Lit During Any
One. For what other source was there for that dream by which thou didst console her, so that she
permitted me to live with her, to have my meals in the same house at the table which she had begun
to avoid, even while she hated and detested the blasphemies of my error. She stays so busy because
she enjoys writing on a variety of topics including History. Many of the works of medieval literature
are by unknown authors. Nevertheless, when God commands anything contrary to the customs or
compacts of any nation, even though it were never done by them before, it is to be done; and if it
has been interrupted, it is to be restored; and if it has never been established, it is to be established. I
am the Director of Stanford Text Technologies ( ), and, with Claude Willan, published Text
Technologies: A History in 2019 (StanfordUP). I'm a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; a Fellow
of the Royal Historical Society; an Honorary Lifetime Fellow of the English Assocation (and former
Chair and President); and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. Other projects include
CyberText Technologies; research into the long history of personal archives; and Medieval Networks
of Memory with Mateusz Fafinski, which analyzes two thirteenth-century mortuary rolls. Yet the art
by which I composed did not have different principles for each of these different cases, but the same
law throughout. Augustine, the first Western biography and a model for Christian writers throughout
the Middle Ages. Crafting Memory, Lisa H. Cooper 15. Antisemitism and the Purposes of
Historicism: Chaucer’s Prioress’s Tale, Hannah Johnson 16. In spite of this, texts have been found
that are not linked to the religious theme in this period. General Interest Book Reviews Homeschool
Reviews Sorted by. If you are looking for a specific review try our search field above. How was life
for the peasants different from life for the nobility. Select libraries How to read the book after
purchase Smartphone, Tablet Computer, laptop Read only on LitRes Read Size: 688 pp. Bartering
was used exclusively. 1450 to 1750: Beginning of commerce. When he had said this she was not
satisfied, but repeated more earnestly her entreaties, and shed copious tears, still beseeching him to
see and talk with me.
Introducing the reader to some of the greatest poetry, prose and drama ever written, Elaine Treharne
discusses the historical and intellectual background to these works, and considers the physical
production of the manuscripts and the earliest beginnings of print culture. This is the language that
had been used in the territories of the Roman Empire and that remained active in the Middle Ages
until it was replaced by the emergence of the Romance and Anglo-Saxon languages. Yet I was not of
the number of those who could enter into it or bend my neck to follow its steps. Literature has
transformed greatly throughout the centuries, but it. I'm a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; a
Fellow of the Royal Historical Society; an Honorary Lifetime Fellow of the English Assocation (and
former Chair and President); and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. Included here are Books
Three, Five, and Eight, which respectively depict Augustine’s student days in Carthage, his life in
Milan, and his final conversion to Christ. Bartering was used exclusively. 1450 to 1750: Beginning of
commerce. Or, again, as if, in a house, he sees a servant handle something that the butler is not
permitted to touch, or when something is done behind a stable that would be prohibited in a dining
room, and then a person should be indignant that in one house and one family the same things are
not allowed to every member of the household. For thy spiritual works came before these material
creations, celestial and shining though they are. Such is the case with those who cannot endure to
hear that something was lawful for righteous men in former times that is not so now; or that God, for
certain temporal reasons, commanded then one thing to them and another now to these: yet both
would be serving the same righteous will. But when he suffers with another, then it is called
compassion. In class we have been learning about medieval history and culture. Topics The themes of
medieval literature were of two types, religious writings and secular writings. For he answered that I
was still unteachable, being inflated with the novelty of that heresy, and that I had already perplexed
divers inexperienced persons with vexatious questions, as she herself had told him. This thou wilt do,
provided we do not raise up against thee the arrogance of a false freedom—for thus we lose all
through craving more, by loving our own good more than thee, the common good of all. No, but the
times over which she presides are not all alike because they are different times. And still in all this
thou didst not fail to scourge me. So, instead of discussing the writings of the Middle Ages as a
whole, it’s best to consider the various genres of literature, and examples of each. For this name, by
thy mercy, O Lord, this name of my Saviour thy Son, my tender heart had piously drunk in, deeply
treasured even with my mother’s milk. When I then turned toward the Scriptures, they appeared to
me to be quite unworthy to be compared with the dignity of Tully. ? For my inflated pride was
repelled by their style, nor could the sharpness of my wit penetrate their inner meaning. Trace The
Development Of English Lit During Any One. But men, whose days upon the earth are few, cannot
by their own perception harmonize the causes of former ages and other nations, of which they had
no experience, and compare them with these of which they do have experience; although in one and
the same body, or day, or family, they can readily see that what is suitable for each member, season,
part, and person may differ. Older than the famous love story of Romeo and Juliet, the Anglo-.
CHAPTER VII 12. For I was ignorant of that other reality, true Being. For although he that grieves
with the unhappy should be commended for his work of love, yet he who has the power of real
compassion would still prefer that there be nothing for him to grieve about. The spectator is not
expected to aid the sufferer but merely to grieve for him. Many works from other nations during this
period are also alliterative. The Anglo Saxon or old English period and Anglo-Norman period or
Middle Engli. But I was hungering and thirsting, not even after those first works of thine, but after
thyself the Truth, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning. ? Yet they still served me
glowing fantasies in those dishes. Includes close readings of frequently-studied texts, including texts
by Chaucer, Langland, the Gawain poet, and Hoccleve.
Her prayers entered thy presence, and yet thou didst allow me still to tumble and toss around in that
darkness. I sought after thee, but not according to the understanding of the mind, by means of which
thou hast willed that I should excel the beasts, but only after the guidance of my physical senses.
There are some who seduce through philosophy, under a great, alluring, and honorable name, using it
to color and adorn their own errors. Charlemagne. Ag Rev 1050-1200. Heavy Plow 3 Field System
crop rotation Use of iron and horses. Heal all my bones and let them say, O Lord, who is like unto
thee. And, indeed, I should have passed by the philosophers themselves even when they were
speaking truth concerning thy creatures, for the sake of thy love, O Highest Good, and my Father, O
Beauty of all things beautiful. The stories depicted in these works come from both the Old and New
Testaments. Harold promised William the throne When Harold I died, Harold became king William
of Normandy was not happy. Resources for understanding the era's literature, Words of Delight by
Leland Ryken is for Rhetoric, The Discarded Image by C.S. Lewis is for Rhetoric, wk 01. At first it
was requested by Richard II but then dedicated to Henry V when Richard was deposed by
Parliament. This also springs from that same vein of friendship. This particular book of his contains
an exhortation to philosophy and was called Hortensius. ? Now it was this book which quite
definitely changed my whole attitude and turned my prayers toward thee, O Lord, and gave me new
hope and new desires. Fabliau were known to be blunt, realistic, detailed, and a bit risque. Covering
both well-known texts, such as Beowulf, The Canterbury Tales and the Mabinogion, as well as texts
that are much less familiar, such as sermons, saints' lives, lyrics and histories, Treharne discusses
major themes such as sin and salvation, kingship and authority, myth and the monstrous, and
provides a full, but brief, account of one of the major periods in literary history. CHAPTER X 18.
But I was ignorant of all this, and so I mocked those holy servants and prophets of thine. General
Interest Book Reviews Homeschool Reviews Sorted by. Or as if, on some holiday when afternoon
business was forbidden, one were to grumble at not being allowed to go on selling as it had been
lawful for him to do in the forenoon. Characteristics of medieval literature Antecedents of medieval
literature Historical context Topics Genres Representatives Works of medieval literature
Characteristics of medieval literature Among the most representative characteristics of medieval
literature we can mention the following: It is located in Europe. But I lived with them, and at times I
was delighted with their friendship, even when I abhorred their acts (that is, their wrecking ) in
which they insolently attacked the modesty of strangers, tormenting them by uncalled-for jeers,
gratifying their mischievous mirth. For example, when suitable reserves for hard times are provided,
we cannot judge that this is done merely from a hoarding impulse. They may even be done for the
mere pleasure in another man’s pain, as the spectators of gladiatorial shows or the people who deride
and mock at others. In Greek the love of wisdom is called philosophy, and it was with this love that
that book inflamed me. Crafting Memory, Lisa H. Cooper 15. Antisemitism and the Purposes of
Historicism: Chaucer’s Prioress’s Tale, Hannah Johnson 16. And, wretch that I was, I believed that
more mercy was to be shown to the fruits of the earth than unto men, for whom these fruits were
created. And when she looked she saw me standing near her on the same rule. Such is the blindness
of men that they even glory in their blindness. Works of medieval literature Among the most
outstanding works of medieval literature, we can mention some from Spain, Italy, France and other
European countries such as: In Spain: Mio Cid’ s singing, Anonymous. And if it cannot be held to be
inimical to the public interest to obey him—and, in truth, it would be inimical if he were not obeyed,
since obedience to princes is a general compact of human society—how much more, then, ought we
unhesitatingly to obey God, the Governor of all his creatures. After the Norman conquest of 1066,
Norman-French became. Only this checked my ardor: that the name of Christ was not in it.
Heal all my bones and let them say, O Lord, who is like unto thee. For then it was quite different
from what I now feel. In comparison to them the actual bodies which we see with our fleshly sight,
both celestial and terrestrial, are far more certain. Conduct Becoming: Gender and the Making of an
Ethical Subject in The Book of the Knight of the Tower, Glenn Burger 10. But when he inquired of
her the cause of her sorrow and daily weeping (not to learn from her, but to teach her, as is
customary in visions), and when she answered that it was my soul’s doom she was lamenting, he
bade her rest content and told her to look and see that where she was there I was also. A ground-
breaking collection of newly-commissioned essays on medieval literature and culture. It is not that
one who confesses to thee instructs thee as to what goes on within him. And they do this by an
immoderate use of lawful things; or by lustful desire for things forbidden, as against nature; or when
they are guilty of sin by raging with heart and voice against thee, rebelling against thee, kicking
against the pricks ??; or when they cast aside respect for human society and take audacious delight in
conspiracies and feuds according to their private likes and dislikes. Now, if he should suffer them in
his own person, it is the custom to call this misery. These works are heavily influenced by Mystery
Plays but are decidedly more secular. The volume sheds light on critical discussions of the medieval
period and shows the continuing relevance and vivacity of Medieval English literature in the twenty-
first century. Yamato or Kofun Period Chinese Influence ca. 300-710 ce. Yamato: “great kings”
Kofun: giant tomb mounds Military aristocracy Capital at Naniwa (Osaka) Imported Chinese culture
via Korea: Writing Confucianism Buddhism. Genre: C riticism Edit Learn more By paying the
subscription, I accept the payment terms and its automatic renewal specified in offer. She stays so
busy because she enjoys writing on a variety of topics including History. And when she looked she
saw me standing near her on the same rule. England: 1066 - end of 15th c., Middle English Period.
Confronts some of the controversies that exercise students of medieval literature, such as those
connected with literary theory, love, and chivalry and war. Finnish Kalevala, traditional Turkish
verse, and Estonian Kalevipoeg all do. For this name, by thy mercy, O Lord, this name of my
Saviour thy Son, my tender heart had piously drunk in, deeply treasured even with my mother’s milk.
CHAPTER II 2. Stage plays also captivated me, with their sights full of the images of my own
miseries: fuel for my own fire. In Italy: The Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri Decameron, Giovanni
Boccacio. Reflects the erosion of the traditional, rigid boundary between medieval and early modern
literature. Augustine, the first Western biography and a model for Christian writers throughout the
Middle Ages. Whence came this vision unless it was that thy ears were inclined toward her heart.
Even in a brief anthology such as this, it has been possible to represent in some degree the amazing
variety which characterizes the literature of the Middle Ages. The anthology opens with chapters
from The Confessions of St. In another man’s misery, even though it was feigned and impersonated
on the stage, that performance of the actor pleased me best and attracted me most powerfully which
moved me to tears. By what name, therefore, could they be more aptly called than wreckers
?—being themselves wrecked first, and altogether turned upside down. But thou gavest her then
another answer, by a priest of thine, a certain bishop reared in thy Church and well versed in thy
books.