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Literature Review Machine Learning

The document discusses the use of machine learning techniques for effort estimation in software engineering projects. It summarizes that machine learning models have shown promising results in the field of software effort estimation. Various machine learning algorithms like linear regression, M5Rules, and MSP have been effective in predicting software development effort. The document also notes that in order to improve estimation accuracy, many researchers have proposed using machine learning based models instead of traditional estimation methods.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
48 views9 pages

Literature Review Machine Learning

The document discusses the use of machine learning techniques for effort estimation in software engineering projects. It summarizes that machine learning models have shown promising results in the field of software effort estimation. Various machine learning algorithms like linear regression, M5Rules, and MSP have been effective in predicting software development effort. The document also notes that in order to improve estimation accuracy, many researchers have proposed using machine learning based models instead of traditional estimation methods.

Uploaded by

afmzzaadfjygyf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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It's a significant chore in software application development practice. We test different types of data
extraction with varying difficulty in annotation, and five different neural architectures to do the
extraction. All the applied techniques were successful in achieving better results than the compared
COCOMO model. Finally, the results of an experiment follow, showcasing the power of machine
learning in such an application. The purpose of this work is to identify the contributions of AI to
SCM through a brief review of the existing literature. It gives us a quick rundown of all the key
principles of economics and how to comprehend and use them effectively. Accuracy, root mean and
relative absolute errors are used to compute the effort estimation accuracy. They are vital to many
fields of science and philanthropy, but are very time-consuming and require experts. This paper
investigate the machine learning techniques to predict the final Grade Point Average of students
based on personal characteristics (comprising gender and living location), university entry scores, gap
year, and their academic performance of the first and second year. However, its widespread
acceptance as a decision-aid tool, AI has seen limited application in supply chain management
(SCM). We find that we can get surprising accuracy and generalisability of the whole pipeline system
with only 2 weeks of human-expert annotation, which is only 15% of the time it takes to do the
whole review manually and can be repeated and extended to new data with no additional effort.
Artificial Intelligence is nothing but the duplication of human in which machines are programmed to
rationally think and behave like humans developed for very many purposes including business
decision making, problem-solving, business data analysis and interpretation and information
management. Materials prior to 2016 here are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 International License. Download Free PDF View PDF Comparative
Analysis on Prediction of Software Effort Estimation Using Machine Learning Techniques Dr
Mukesh Kumar Effort Estimation (EE) is a technique for finding the entire effort required to predict
the accuracy of a model. They are vital to many fields of science and philanthropy, but are very time-
consuming and require experts. E-commerce giants use Machine Learning models to maintain their
inventory based on demand for a particular item. Therefore, use of machine learning algorithms is a
possible solution for the estimation process on which the decision can be made. Yet the three main
stages of a systematic review are easily done automatically: searching for documents can be done via
APIs and scrapers, selection of relevant documents can be done via binary classification, and
extraction of data can be done via sequence-labelling classification. To this end, based on the
findings of this review, we provide recommendations for researchers as well as guidelines for
practitioners. Weka was observed to be the most used tool in the reviewed articles. Yet the three
main stages of a systematic review are easily done automatically: searching for documents can be
done via APIs and scrapers, selection of relevant documents can be done via binary classification,
and extraction of data can be done via sequence-labelling classification. Download Free PDF View
PDF Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Assessment and Evaluation of Different Machine
Learning Algorithms for Predicting Student Performance Abdulsalam Mustafa Student performance
is crucial to the success of tertiary institutions. Most educational administrators and researchers are
using various machine-learning methods to improve students' retention, predict students'
performance, mitigate students' dropout rate as well as position them to make better decisions in
curriculum design and admission policy in their learning citadel. The results show that linear
regression, MSP and M5Rules are effective methods for predicting software development effort.
Predicting academic performance allows for the implementation of various preventive and supportive
measures earlier in order to improve academic performance and reduce failure and dropout rates. We
find that we can get surprising accuracy and generalisability of the whole pipeline system with only 2
weeks of human-expert annotation, which is only 15% of the time it takes to do the whole review
manually and can be repeated and extended to new data with no additional effort. Methods:
Generally, the models are formulated using traditional methods but in recent trends latest methods
are used such as Machine learning and Natural Language Processing. To improve the effort
estimation accuracy, an alternative is to use machine learning (ML) techniques and many researchers
have proposed plethora of such machine learning based models. We test different types of data
extraction with varying difficulty in annotation, and five different neural architectures to do the
extraction. In order to improve estimation accuracy, many researchers have proposed machine
learning (ML) based SDEE models (ML models) since 1990s.
Conclusion: ML models are promising in the field of SDEE. This research focuses on the use of
Artificial Intelligence techniques in supply chain management. Supply chain and inventory
management is a domain that has missed some of the media limelight, but one where industry
leaders have been hard at work developing new AI and machine learning technologies over the past
decade. Recently, the machine learning techniques are becoming widely used in many effort
estimation problems bu. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. It is necessary to
develop or adopt a useful software development process in executing a software development
project by acting as a key constraint to the project. It includes supply chain management examples
like as demand forecasting, supply forecasting, text analytics, pricing panning, and more to help
companies improve their processes, lower costs and risk, and boost revenue. Findings: This paper
results in an overview of ML applications and methods currently used in the area of SCM. Effort
estimation is part of the software engineering economic study on how to manage limited resources in
a way a project could meet its target goal in a specified schedule, budget and scope. Yet the three
main stages of a systematic review are easily done automatically: searching for documents can be
done via APIs and scrapers, selection of relevant documents can be done via binary classification,
and extraction of data can be done via sequence-labelling classification. Materials prior to 2016 here
are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 International
License. The results show that linear regression, MSP and M5Rules are effective methods for
predicting software development effort. Download Free PDF View PDF Machine Learning-based
Software Effort Estimation: An Analysis Dr. Pradeep Kumar Singh Estimating the effort behind a
software project is the approximation time and resources an engineer need to create a software
application. The algorithm employed is a machine learning technique called Neural Networks.
Originality: Linking the SC task model with current application areas of ML yields an overview of
ML in SCM. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a
few seconds to upgrade your browser. The management of the process of transforming the raw
materials into the final product is called Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the effective
movement and storage of goods, services and information are called Logistics Management (LM). In
so doing, this paper reviews the past record of success in AI applications to SCM and identifies the
most fruitful areas of SCM in which to apply AI. The prospects of any company depends on these
decisions. Thus, affecting its cost and required effort and consequently influencing the overall
success of software development. Yet the three main stages of a systematic review are easily done
automatically: searching for documents can be done via APIs and scrapers, selection of relevant
documents can be done via binary classification, and extraction of data can be done via sequence-
labelling classification. Download Free PDF View PDF Computational Intelligence and
Neuroscience Assessment and Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting
Student Performance Abdulsalam Mustafa Student performance is crucial to the success of tertiary
institutions. Accordingly, educators need to explore effective tools for modelling and assessing
student performance while recognizing weaknesses to improve educational outcomes. Despite the
large volume of educational data, accurately predicting student performance becomes more
challenging. To improve the effort estimation accuracy, an alternative is to use machine learning
(ML) techniques and many researchers have proposed plethora of such machine learning based
models. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few
seconds to upgrade your browser. There is vast application of these algorithms and techniques in all
areas of supply chain management. The number of papers that study and improve this method shows
that there is a clear rise in deep learning-based academic performance prediction over the last few
years. This facilitates the identification of potential areas of application to companies, as well as
potential future. To minimise the entire cost of the supply chain, these entities must collaborate.
Yet the three main stages of a systematic review are easily done automatically: searching for
documents can be done via APIs and scrapers, selection of relevant documents can be done via
binary classification, and extraction of data can be done via sequence-labelling classification. It gives
us a quick rundown of all the key principles of economics and how to comprehend and use them
effectively. The estimate prepared during the early stage of a model expansion is inaccurate since
requirements at that time are not very clear, but as the model progresses, the accuracy of the
estimation increases. Besides, this paper reviews the past record of success in AI applications to
SCM and identifies the most subfields of SCM in which to apply AI. Methods: Generally, the
models are formulated using traditional methods but in recent trends latest methods are used such as
Machine learning and Natural Language Processing. Accuracy, root mean and relative absolute errors
are used to compute the effort estimation accuracy. To improve the effort estimation accuracy, an
alternative is to use machine learning (ML) techniques and many researchers have proposed plethora
of such machine learning based models. By linking applied ML methods to the SCM task model, the
paper indicates the current applications in SCM and visualises potential research gaps. Despite the
promise of automation for this field, little research exists that examines the various ways to automate
each of these tasks. This review is conducted to find out how different researchers have approached
this problem, what the outcomes of their study are and how it can help us in improving the
performance of students. In so doing, this paper reviews the past record of success in AI applications
to SCM and identifies the most fruitful areas of SCM in which to apply AI. In this study, we
performed a systematic literature review of student performance prediction studies in three different
databases between 2010 and 2020. If the software development effort is over estimated it may lead
to tight time schedules and thus quality and testing of software may be compromised. Here, Linear
Regression (LR), Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF) algorithms are implemented
using WEKA toolkit, and results shows that Linear Regression shows better estimation accuracy than
Multilayer Perceptron and Random Forest. We construct a pipeline that automates each of these
aspects, and experiment with many human-time vs. This scenario is true especially in the area of large
industry, as the size of a software project is becoming more complex and bigger, the complexity of
estimation is continuously increased. The results of this work confirm the validity of data mining in
general and the applied technique in particular for software estimation. The number of papers that
study and improve this method shows that there is a clear rise in deep learning-based academic
performance prediction over the last few years. The need of identifying students with weak
performances has been a rising problem and most teachers have relied on calculating the average of
exam grades. Many well-known companies are now using machine learning to optimize business
processes in ways that might have been deemed science fiction 30 years ago, from customer service
inquiries to planning for next month's shelf supply based on satellite data. Supply chain and
inventory management is a domain that has missed some of the media limelight, but one where
industry leaders have been hard at work developing new AI and machine learning technologies over
the past decade. Exploiting the application of AI in the manufacturing and distribution process
enables the organisations to reach the pinnacle in their business graph. Methodology: Relevant papers
with applications of ML in SCM are extracted based on a literature review of a period of 10 years
(2009-2019). It is necessary to develop or adopt a useful software development process in executing
a software development project by acting as a key constraint to the project. The ACL Anthology is
managed and built by the ACL Anthology team of volunteers. It's a significant chore in software
application development practice. Materials published in or after 2016 are licensed on a Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Businesses are operating in the international market
which is highly multifaceted and challenging to serve the world as a sole market for their products,
services and their products and without the integration of technology into their business processes,
they cannot assure the sustainable growth. They are vital to many fields of science and philanthropy,
but are very time-consuming and require experts. Finally, a list of potential work for future research
directions are recommended.
Site last built on 22 February 2024 at 04:44 UTC with commit bc2f04b. Conclusion: ML models are
promising in the field of SDEE. The long-short-term memory (LSTM) approach has been reported to
achieve an accuracy of around 87 percent for temporal student performance data. Furthermore,
different ML models have different strengths and weaknesses and thus favor different estimation
contexts. There is vast application of these algorithms and techniques in all areas of supply chain
management. Despite the large volume of educational data, accurately predicting student
performance becomes more challenging. Traditionally, researchers have used the off the shelf
empirical models like COCOMO or developed various methods using statistical approaches like
regression and analogy based methods but these methods exhibit a number of shortfalls. Keywords:
student academic performance, machine learning, data mining. Here, Linear Regression (LR), Multi-
layer perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF) algorithms are implemented using WEKA toolkit, and
results shows that Linear Regression shows better estimation accuracy than Multilayer Perceptron
and Random Forest. In this paper, we have investigated the research made till date and proposed a
way to improve the inventory management so that it can benefit the customer as well as
organizations. The data is collected by combining data from a survey of graduate students of three
different years and data from the student management information system of the university. You can
download the paper by clicking the button above. Weka was observed to be the most used tool in the
reviewed articles. The application of AI in business endeavours decides the competitive advantage,
market leadership, robust operating efficiency of corporates and other business houses. This study
focused on the application of machine learning techniques to predict students' performance in recent
times. Download Free PDF View PDF Machine Learning-based Software Effort Estimation: An
Analysis Dr. Pradeep Kumar Singh Estimating the effort behind a software project is the
approximation time and resources an engineer need to create a software application. We construct a
pipeline that automates each of these aspects, and experiment with many human-time vs. Methods:
Generally, the models are formulated using traditional methods but in recent trends latest methods
are used such as Machine learning and Natural Language Processing. Permission is granted to make
copies for the purposes of teaching and research. Finally, a list of potential work for future research
directions are recommended. We test the ability of classifiers to work well on small amounts of data
and to generalise to data from countries not represented in the training data. Methodology: Relevant
papers with applications of ML in SCM are extracted based on a literature review of a period of 10
years (2009-2019). Many well-known companies are now using machine learning to optimize
business processes in ways that might have been deemed science fiction 30 years ago, from customer
service inquiries to planning for next month's shelf supply based on satellite data. The error margin in
Expert-Based, Analogy-Based and algorithmic based methods including: COCOMO, Function Point
Analysis and Use-Case-Points is quite significant, which exposes software projects to the danger of
delays and running over-budget. The most widely used prediction method appears to be the standard
artificial neural network approach. Most educational administrators and researchers are using various
machine-learning methods to improve students' retention, predict students' performance, mitigate
students' dropout rate as well as position them to make better decisions in curriculum design and
admission policy in their learning citadel. The estimate prepared during the early stage of a model
expansion is inaccurate since requirements at that time are not very clear, but as the model progresses,
the accuracy of the estimation increases. Cite (Informal): Scaling Systematic Literature Reviews with
Machine Learning Pipelines (Goldfarb-Tarrant et al., sdp 2020) Copy Citation: BibTeX. This research
focuses on the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques in supply chain management. Thus, affecting
its cost and required effort and consequently influencing the overall success of software
development.
H?t VI C?u Y-90 D?ng H?t Th?y Tinh Va D?ng Gel ?ng D?ng Trong Di?u Tr. We test the ability of
classifiers to work well on small amounts of data and to generalise to data from countries not
represented in the training data. Download Free PDF View PDF Comparative Analysis on Prediction
of Software Effort Estimation Using Machine Learning Techniques Dr Mukesh Kumar Effort
Estimation (EE) is a technique for finding the entire effort required to predict the accuracy of a
model. They are vital to many fields of science and philanthropy, but are very time-consuming and
require experts. Findings: This paper results in an overview of ML applications and methods
currently used in the area of SCM. In so doing, this paper reviews the past record of success in AI
applications to SCM and identifies the most fruitful areas of SCM in which to apply AI. They are
vital to many fields of science and philanthropy, but are very time-consuming and require experts.
Academic performance of students can depend on various factors such as academic progress,
personal characteristics and behaviors relating to learning activities. Originality: Linking the SC task
model with current application areas of ML yields an overview of ML in SCM. Most educational
administrators and researchers are using various machine-learning methods to improve students'
retention, predict students' performance, mitigate students' dropout rate as well as position them to
make better decisions in curriculum design and admission policy in their learning citadel. We
construct a pipeline that automates each of these aspects, and experiment with many human-time vs.
Businesses are operating in the international market which is highly multifaceted and challenging to
serve the world as a sole market for their products, services and their products and without the
integration of technology into their business processes, they cannot assure the sustainable growth.
Widely used for academic performance prediction, backpropagation algorithms have been trained
and tested with various datasets, especially those related to learning management systems (LMS)
and massive open online courses (MOOC). The number of papers that study and improve this method
shows that there is a clear rise in deep learning-based academic performance prediction over the last
few years. The results showed that six ML models were mainly used: decision tree (DT), artificial
neural networks (ANNs), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), linear r. We
test different types of data extraction with varying difficulty in annotation, and five different neural
architectures to do the extraction. The application of AI in business endeavours decides the
competitive advantage, market leadership, robust operating efficiency of corporates and other
business houses. The purpose of this work is to identify the contributions of AI to SCM through a
brief review of the existing literature. These decisions are taken on the basis of predictions and
forecasting models developed for various areas of supply chain mentioned above. In order to
improve estimation accuracy, many researchers have proposed machine learning (ML) based SDEE
models (ML models) since 1990s. To predict the effort at early stages is really difficult as very less
information is available. This facilitates the identification of potential areas of application to
companies, as well as potential future. By linking applied ML methods to the SCM task model, the
paper indicates the current applications in SCM and visualises potential research gaps. They are vital
to many fields of science and philanthropy, but are very time-consuming and require experts. It
includes supply chain management examples like as demand forecasting, supply forecasting, text
analytics, pricing panning, and more to help companies improve their processes, lower costs and risk,
and boost revenue. Recently, the machine learning techniques are becoming widely used in many
effort estimation problems bu. However, the diversity of studies and the differences in their content
create confusion and reduce their ability to pioneer future studies. This review is conducted to find
out how different researchers have approached this problem, what the outcomes of their study are
and how it can help us in improving the performance of students. This would prove helpful for
teachers in providing additional assistance to such students.
Accordingly, educators need to explore effective tools for modelling and assessing student
performance while recognizing weaknesses to improve educational outcomes. The accuracy of
estimation is the main critical evaluation for every study. Despite its widespread acceptance as a
decision-aid tool, AI has seen limited application in supply chain management (SCM). The ACL
Anthology is managed and built by the ACL Anthology team of volunteers. Exploiting the
application of AI in the manufacturing and distribution process enables the organisations to reach the
pinnacle in their business graph. There are many models proposed in the literature for estimating
software effort. This facilitates the identification of potential areas of application to companies, as
well as potential future. Despite the fact that Naive Bayes outperformed both of the other two
techniques in its ROC curve and Recall score, Random Forests has a better Confusion Matrix and
scored better in both Classification Accuracy, and Precision measures. In this systematic review, the
relevant EDM literature related to identifying student dropouts and students at risk from 2009 to
2021 is reviewed. Although machine learning schemes were once popular, deep learning algorithms
are now being investigated to solve difficult predictions of student performance in larger datasets
with more data attributes. Effort estimation is part of the software engineering economic study on
how to manage limited resources in a way a project could meet its target goal in a specified
schedule, budget and scope. We test the ability of classifiers to work well on small amounts of data
and to generalise to data from countries not represented in the training data. Conclusion: ML models
are promising in the field of SDEE. However, the best performance was obtained using both Naive
Bayes and Random Forests. To obtain better estimation, we propose an alternative method through
performing data mining on historical data. We test different types of data extraction with varying
difficulty in annotation, and five different neural architectures to do the extraction. Predicting
academic performance allows for the implementation of various preventive and supportive measures
earlier in order to improve academic performance and reduce failure and dropout rates. Finally, a list
of potential work for future research directions are recommended. The application of AI in business
endeavours decides the competitive advantage, market leadership, robust operating efficiency of
corporates and other business houses. To fully exploit the potential benefits of AI for SCM, this
paper explores various sub-fields of AI that are most suitable for solving practical problems relevant
to SCM. The most widely used prediction method appears to be the standard artificial neural
network approach. We test the ability of classifiers to work well on small amounts of data and to
generalise to data from countries not represented in the training data. This review is conducted to
find out how different researchers have approached this problem, what the outcomes of their study
are and how it can help us in improving the performance of students. We find that we can get
surprising accuracy and generalisability of the whole pipeline system with only 2 weeks of human-
expert annotation, which is only 15% of the time it takes to do the whole review manually and can be
repeated and extended to new data with no additional effort. We test the ability of classifiers to work
well on small amounts of data and to generalise to data from countries not represented in the training
data. Originality: Linking the SC task model with current application areas of ML yields an overview
of ML in SCM. Download Free PDF View PDF Comparative Analysis on Prediction of Software
Effort Estimation Using Machine Learning Techniques Dr Mukesh Kumar Effort Estimation (EE) is
a technique for finding the entire effort required to predict the accuracy of a model. These decisions
are taken on the basis of predictions and forecasting models developed for various areas of supply
chain mentioned above. Successfully applied ML methods in SCM in industry and examples from
theoretical approaches are displayed for each task within the SCM task model. In so doing, this
paper reviews the past record of success in AI applications to SCM and identifies the most fruitful
areas of SCM in which to apply AI.
Keywords: student academic performance, machine learning, data mining. To minimise the entire
cost of the supply chain, these entities must collaborate. Despite the promise of automation for this
field, little research exists that examines the various ways to automate each of these tasks. Doing this
effective reductions in the cost and parameter for the project to be accomplished. This research
focuses on the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques in supply chain management. The results
showed that six ML models were mainly used: decision tree (DT), artificial neural networks (ANNs),
support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), linear r. The need of identifying students
with weak performances has been a rising problem and most teachers have relied on calculating the
average of exam grades. Findings: This paper presents a comprehensive review of all machine
learning algorithms as well as NLP techniques applied to develop such models and frameworks. It
gives us a quick rundown of all the key principles of economics and how to comprehend and use
them effectively. Overall speaking, the estimation accuracy of these ML models is close to the
acceptable level and is better than that of non-ML models. These models and framework developed
for decision-making should be accurate and precise as company’s revenue depends on this.
Successfully applied ML methods in SCM in industry and examples from theoretical approaches are
displayed for each task within the SCM task model. Results: We have identified 84 primary studies
relevant to the objective of this research. It is necessary to develop or adopt a useful software
development process in executing a software development project by acting as a key constraint to
the project. All the applied techniques were successful in achieving better results than the compared
COCOMO model. Related studies published between 2015 and 2021 were identified through a
systematic search of various online databases. We test different types of data extraction with varying
difficulty in annotation, and five different neural architectures to do the extraction. To predict the
effort at early stages is really difficult as very less information is available. The accuracy of
estimation is the main critical evaluation for every study. Since the late 1970s, AI has shown great
promise in improving human decision-making processes and the subsequent productivity in various
business endeavors due to its ability to recognise business patterns, learn business phenomena, seek
information, and analyse data intelligently. Here, Linear Regression (LR), Multi-layer perceptron
(MLP), Random Forest (RF) algorithms are implemented using WEKA toolkit, and results shows
that Linear Regression shows better estimation accuracy than Multilayer Perceptron and Random
Forest. The ACL Anthology is managed and built by the ACL Anthology team of volunteers. This
review shows that machine learning, clustering proves useful in predictions, but there is a lot more
work to be done using this technology. Academic performance of students can depend on various
factors such as academic progress, personal characteristics and behaviors relating to learning
activities. The most widely used prediction method appears to be the standard artificial neural
network approach. This paper suggests performing this prediction using three machine learning
techniques that were applied to a preprocessed COCOMO NASA benchmark data which covered 93
projects: Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression and Random Forests. This review is conducted to find out
how different researchers have approached this problem, what the outcomes of their study are and
how it can help us in improving the performance of students. Effort estimation is part of the software
engineering economic study on how to manage limited resources in a way a project could meet its
target goal in a specified schedule, budget and scope. Among its many benefits, a predictive forecast
is a key enabler for a better customer experience through the reduction of out-of-stock situations, and
for lower costs due to better planned inventory and less write-off items. We discuss the challenges of
building an Inventory system and discuss the design decisions. Permission is granted to make copies
for the purposes of teaching and research.

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