Amjad School

Physics: GS Date: 28 - 4- 2023

Revision worksheets

Exercise 1
Conservation and non-conservation of mechanical energy
A block (S), taken as a particle of mass m = 0.5 kg , is at rest at point A on a horizontal surface AI and is
compressing a light horizontal spring by a displacement Xm = IA = 10 cm. The left end of the spring of
force constant k = 200 N/m is attached to a wall as shown in the document (1). The block is released
from rest from pint A. When the spring returns to its original length, the block leaves the free end of the
spring at point I and moves along the track IBOD.
The height of A above the horizontal track BO is hA = 1.6 m.
Take the horizontal plane containing BO as a reference level for gravitational potential energy and use
g = 10 m/s2 .

Compressed x
Wall
(S)
spring 𝐗𝐦

A I D

1.6 m
𝛂
B O

Doc . 1

1) Motion of the block between A and I

The block (S) leaves the spring at the point I with a speed VI .
Neglect friction along the track AI.
1.1) Calculate the mechanical energy of the system [(S), Spring, Track, Earth] at the point A.
1.2) The mechanical energy of the system [(S), Spring, Track, Earth] between A and I is
conserved. Why?
1.3) Deduce that VI = 2 m/s.
1.4) Name the external forces acting on (S) during its motion between A and I.
1.5) Apply the work-energy theorem to determine the work WT⃗ done by the restoring force
on the block between A and I.
2) Motion of the block between I and B
As (S) reaches point I with the speed VI = 2 m/s it continues its motion along the track IB and
then it reaches point B with a speed VB = 6 m/s.
Specify whether (S) is submitted to a friction force between I and B.
3) Motion of the block between B and O
The block (S) continues its motion along the frictionless horizontal track BO.
Apply Newton’s first law to prove that (S) reaches point O with a speed VO = VB = 6 m/s.

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 4) Motion of the block between O and D
The block (S) continues its motion along the inclined plane OD which makes an angle α with
the horizontal. The particle stops at the point D.
The two curves (a) and (b) of document (2)
represent the gravitational potential energy and Energy (J)
the kinetic energy of the system [(S) , Track ,
Earth] along the path OD and during the upward (a)
motion of (S) as functions of the abscissa x. (b)
The x-axis of origin O is oriented positively
upwards along the inclined plane.
4.1) Specify which curve represents the
gravitational potential energy of the
system [(S) , Track , Earth].
4.2) Using document (2), calculate the values of Doc. 2
the mechanical energy of the system [(S) ,
Track , Earth] at points O and D.
4.3) Deduce that the mechanical energy of the system [(S) , Track , Earth] is not conserved.
4.4) Determine the magnitude of the constant friction force exerted by the track OD on (S).

Exercise 2
Collision and mechanical energy
A light vertical spring of force constant k = 200 N/m is fixed from its
x
upper end to a ceiling. The spring is attached from its lower end to a
block (S) considered as a particle of mass m2 = 2 kg.
At equilibrium the spring is elongated by a displacement ∆ℓ.
A particle (Q) of mass m1 = 1 kg is launched vertically upward at
t o = 0 and moves inside a vertical tube towards the block (S) k
(Document 1).
The particle (Q) is submitted to a friction force 𝑓𝑟 by the tube,
supposed constant and of direction opposite to the motion of (Q).
Use g = 10 m/s2 and neglect air resistance.
The vertical Ox- axis is oriented positively upward. ∆ℓ
(S)
1) Motion of (Q) before collision with (S) Equilibrium
The expression of the linear momentum of (Q) before collision with O position
(S) is P = -15 t + 6 (SI).
1.1) Name the external forces acting on (Q) before collision with (S).
1.2) Apply Newton’s second law to calculate the magnitude of 𝑓𝑟 . Tube
1.3) (Q) strikes the block (S) at an instant t1 with a velocity of
magnitude V1 = 3 m/s. Determine the instant t1 . 𝐕⃗𝐢
2) Collision between (P) and (S) (Q)
The particle (Q) reaches (S) with the velocity ⃗V1 = 3 i (m/s) and
makes a head-on elastic collision with particle (S) initially at rest. Doc. 1
⃗ ′ ⃗
Right after the collision, the velocities of (Q) and (S) are V1 and V2 ′

respectively. Suppose that the linear momentum of the system [(S), (Q)] is conserved during collision.
2.1) Prove that the values of algebraic values of ⃗V1′ and ⃗V2′ are V1′ = -1 m/s and V2′ = 2 m/s
2.2) Before the collision , (S) is in equilibrium and the spring is elongated by a displacement ∆ℓ.
Prove that ∆ℓ = 10 cm.
⃗
dP ⃗
∆P
2.3) The duration of the collision is 50 ms. Use = to determine the magnitude of the force ⃗FQ/S
dt ∆t
exerted by (Q) on (S) during the collision.
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 3) Motion of (S) after collision
Right after the collision, (S) starts its motion with the velocity ⃗V2′ = ⃗Vo = 2 𝑖 (m/s) at an instant taken
as a new initial of time t o = 0 . Neglect the friction forces on the system [(S), Spring].
Take the horizontal plane passing through the equilibrium position O of (S) as a reference level for
gravitational potential energy.
The curves (a) and (b) of document (2) represent the kinetic energy of (S) and the elastic potential
energy of the spring as a function of time t during the upward motion of (S).
3.1) Prove that:
 curve (a) represents the kinetic energy of (S)
 curve (b) represents the elastic potential energy of
the spring.
3.2) When the speed of (S) becomes zero for the first time,
(a)
the spring is compressed by a distance d.
 Use document (2) to specify the value of d
 Deduce the vertical distance D traveled by (S).

(b)

Doc. 2

Exercise 3
Determination of the number of loops and the resistance of a coil
Consider a coil having an internal resistance r and N +
circular loops each of area S = 314 × 10−4 m2. The
coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field ⃗B of
magnitude B. The coil is connected to a switch K
and a resistor of resistance R = 6 Ω. ⃗
𝐧
An oscilloscope is connected between the terminals ⃗
𝐁 C D
C and D of the coil. With no voltage applied across
the oscilloscope, the luminous line is along the Y
central horizontal line of the grid.
The coil is oriented positively from C to D, and n⃗ is
K
the unit vector normal to the plane of each loop
(Document 1).
The expression of the magnitude of the magnetic R
field crossing the coil is: Doc. 1
 B = 0.8 T for 0 ≤ t < 2 s
 B = - 0.2 t + 1.2 for 2 ≤ t ≤ 6 s (B in T)
A. During the time interval [ 0 , 2s[
Specify which one of the following statements is correct.
During the time interval [ 0 , 2s[:
a) The magnetic flux crossing the coil changes with time and the induced electromotive force
remains constant with time.
b) The magnetic flux crossing the coil and the electromotive force remain constant with time.
c) The magnetic flux crossing the coil remains constant with time and no induced electromotive
force.
d) The magnetic flux crossing the coil and the induced electromotive force change with time.
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 B. During the time interval [2s , 6s]
1. Explain, when the switch is closed, the existence of the induced current in the time interval
[2s , 6 s[, and apply Lenz’s law to determine the direction of the this current.
2. Deduce the positive and the negative polarity of the coil.
3. Indicate the name of the phenomenon that takes place in the coil.
4. Draw the equivalent generator of the coil.
5.
5.1) Determine in terms of N the value of the electromotive force “e” induced in the coil.
5.2) Deduce again the direction of the induced current in the circuit.
6. The curves of documents (2) and (3) are displayed on
the screen of the oscilloscope.
 Documents (2) represents the voltage uDC as a
function of time when the switch is open.
 Documents (3) represents uDC as a function of
time when the switch is closed.
Given that SV = 2 V/div Doc (2) Doc (3)
6.1) Calculate the values of uDC when the switch :
 is open.
 is closed.
6.2) Deduce that e = 8 V and the current in the circuit when the switch is closed is i = 1 A.
7. Deduce the values of N and r.

Exercise 4
Identification of an electric component
The aim of this exercise is to identify an electric
component (D) and to determine its characteristics.
The component (D) could be a purely inductive coil of
K1 K2
inductance L, or a coil of inductance L and internal A
resistance r.
For this aim we connect (D) as shown in the adjacent
figure where: +
 G is an ideal generator of emf E = uAB = 10 V. F
 R is a resistor of resistance R.
 K1 and K 2 are two switches. (D)
We connect an ammeter of negligible resistance to
M
measure the current i in the circuit and a voltmeter to G
measure the voltage uMN across (R). V
R
A) At an instant t o = 0 we close K1 and we open K 2 .
The ammeter shows a current increases from zero Com
N
and attains a maximum values Im = 0.5 A in the
steady state . A
In the steady state the voltmeter measures a Com
voltage uMN = 8 V.
1. B
1.1 Apply the Kirchhoff’s voltage law to
Doc. 1
determine the voltage uFM across (D) in the steady state.
1.2 Deduce that (D) cannot be a purely inductive coil.
2. (D) is a coil of inductance L and internal resistance r.
2.1 Determine, in terms of R , r and E, the expression of the maximum current Im in the
steady state.
2.2 Show that r = 4 .

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 3. At the instant t o = 0:
3.1 Calculate the value of the voltage uFM across the coil.
3.2 Deduce the value of the self electromotive force “e” induced in the coil.
4. Specify whether the coil acts as a receiver or as a generator during the growth of the current.
B) At an instant taken as a new initial time t o = 0 we open K1 and we close K 2 simultaneously.
A transient current flows in the circuit in the positive sense.
1. Determine the differential equation that governs the variation of uMN = uR
t
2. The solution of the obtained differential equation has the form of uR = Ue− τ , where U and
τ are constants. Determine the value of U and the expression of τ in terms of L, R and r.
3. At an instant t1 = 20 ms the voltmeter measures a voltage of uR = 3.6 V.
3.1 Determine the value of τ.
3.2 Deduce the value of L.

Exercise 5
Charging and discharging of a capacitor
The circuit of document (1) includes:
+ K 0 +N
- an ideal battery of electromotive force E; D
- an ohmic resistor of resistance R = 100 ; 1 2
- a capacitor of capacitance C ;
P L
- a double switch (K);
E q
- a lamp (L) considered as a resistor of resistance r = 50 . C
A. Charging of the capacitor R
(K) is turned to position (1) at to = 0 , so the capacitor, which is initially F
H M
neutral, starts charging. At an instant t the charge of plate B is q.
Doc. 1
1) Determine in terms of E, R and C the differential equation in q.
t
−
2) The solution of the obtained differential equation has the form of q = A(1 - e τ ), where A and τ
are constants. Determine the expressions of these constants.
t
E
3) Deduce that the expression of the current during the charging phase is i = R e− τ .
4) Document (2) represents the variation of the current i as a
function of time t.
Use this document to:
4.1 determine the value of E,
4.2 determine the value of τ. Deduce C. 44.4
5) Prove that the electric energy stored in the capacitor at the
end of the charging phase is 0.144 J.
B. Discharging of the capacitor
The capacitor is totally charged. The switch K is turned to position
(2) at an instant taken as a new initial time t o = 0. Take into Doc. 2
consideration the positive sense during the discharging phase.
1) Determine in terms of C and r the differential equation that governs the variation of uC = uPH
during this discharging phase.
t
2) The solution of the obtained differential equation has the form of uC = E e− r C .
2.1 Calculate the value of uC at the instant t1 = 0.11 s.
2.2 Calculate the electric energy stored in the capacitor at the instant t1 .
2.3 Deduce the average electric power consumed by the lamp during [0, t1 ].

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Exercise 6
Diffraction of light

Consider two cardboards (1) and (2) each with x

a vertical slit of width a. A point source (S), Cardboard
placed at a point M, emits a light of P
wavelength λ in air. The light is incident
successively on each of the above slits. A Screen
screen is placed parallel to the cardboard at a
M
distance D = 2 m from it. P is a point on the a
screen, belongs to a horizontal axis, and (S) O
having an abscissa x = OP.
M, O, and the center of the slit belong to the
same horizontal straight line. D
Document (1) is a top view of the experimental
setup. Doc. 1
Consider the two cases:
A. First case: The light falls on the cardboard (1) of width a = 1 cm
1. The light is monochromatic. Why?
2. Does the light undergo diffraction at this slit? Why?
3. The light obeys a certain principle. What do we call this principle?
4. Draw the beam of light at the screen. Deduce whether the light of (S) can reach point P.
B. Second case: The light falls on the cardboard (2) of width a = 0.5 mm
1. The light of (S) reaches point P. Justify by drawing on document (B) page 5 the shape of the light
beam emerging from the slit.
2. Describe what you would observe on the screen.
3. The above phenomenon confirms a certain aspect of light. Name this aspect.
4. Diffraction fringes are formed due to the superposition of sources of light. Use Huygens’ principle
to justify this statement.
5. O is the center of the central bright fringe. The abscissa of point P is x = 7.2 mm and it is the
center of the third dark fringe. The angles of diffraction are small.
5.1) Determine the expression of the abscissa of the center of a dark fringe in terms of D, a ,λ and
a whole number n.
5.2) Deduce the wavelength λ.
5.3) Determine the width L of the central bright fringe.
5.4) Point D is the center of the first bright fringe on the negative side of O. Determine the
distance between P and D.
6. The whole set-up is immersed in a medium of refractive index nm .
6.1) Determine the expression of the new wavelength λʹ in the medium in terms of nm and λ.
6.2) P becomes the center of the forth dark fringe. Deduce the value of nm .