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This document introduces life science and biology. It discusses the fields of life science like biology, physiology, botany, and zoology. It also outlines the six key characteristics of life - growth, response, adaptation, movement, metabolism, and reproduction. The document then reviews several historical theories about the origins and development of life, such as special creation, panspermia, and spontaneous generation. It describes experiments that provided evidence against spontaneous generation and supported biogenesis. Modern theories propose that early Earth's atmosphere and solar energy allowed organic molecules to form from inorganic precursors in the primordial soup.

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52 views4 pages

Sodapdf Resized

This document introduces life science and biology. It discusses the fields of life science like biology, physiology, botany, and zoology. It also outlines the six key characteristics of life - growth, response, adaptation, movement, metabolism, and reproduction. The document then reviews several historical theories about the origins and development of life, such as special creation, panspermia, and spontaneous generation. It describes experiments that provided evidence against spontaneous generation and supported biogenesis. Modern theories propose that early Earth's atmosphere and solar energy allowed organic molecules to form from inorganic precursors in the primordial soup.

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jian.rycc
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INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SCIENCE

BIOLOGY - scientific study of life

BIOLOGIST - person who conducts research in biology.

FIELDS OF LIFE SCIENCE


BIOLOGY - it is the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology,
physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
PHYSIOLOGY - is the study of animal (including human) function and can be investigated at the level of
cells, tissues, organ systems and whole body.
BOTANY - it is the study of plants, how plants function, what they look like, how they are related to each other,
where they grow, how people make use of plants, and how plants evolved.
ZOOLOGY - it is the study of animal of all shapes, and sizes, from tiny insect to large mammals.
ICHTHYOLOGY - it is the branch of zoology devoted to study of fish, including: bony fish, Osteichthyes;
cartilaginous fish, Chondrichthyes; and jawless fish, Agnatha.
PALEONTOLOGY - it is the study of the history of life on earth as reflected in the fossil record.

FOSSILS - are the remains or traces of organisms (plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other single-celled
living things) that lived in the geological past and are preserved in the crust of the earth.

6 CHARACTERISRICS OF LIFE

GROWTH
RESPONSE

ADAPTATION

MOVEMENT
METABOLISM

AND
REPRODUCTION

HISTORICAL DEVEOPMENT OF LIFE


THEORY OF SPECIAL CREATION

life is created by a supernatural power

they were created in the present form

their bodies and organs are fully developed to live

THEORY OF COSMOZOIC

proposed by Hermann Richter

supported by Arrhenius

life was present in the form of resistant spores and appeared on earth from other plant.

INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SCIENCE 1


“spore theory” is also called “theory of Panspermia”

life or organisms was transferred from another planet to earth via meteorites.

OBJECTIONS TO THE COZMOZOIC THEORY

mechanisms and survivability

absence of life forms on any planet

no details about spores (origin and mechanisms of transport)

no scientific experiment was done.

THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATIONS

abiogenesis

non-living materials in a spontaneous manner give rise to life.

BELIEVERS OF THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERETIONS

Thales, Anaximander, Aristotle, Harvey, Newton, and Needham.

Van Helmon

VAN HELMON PROPOSAL

VAN HELMONS was a believer of the theory of spontaneous generation and proposed a recipe for
mice.

EVIDENCES AGAINST THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

Francesco Redi’s Experiment

INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SCIENCE 2


Lazzaro Spallanzani’s Experiment

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment

THEORY OF BIOGENESIS
is based on the idea that life can only come from life, and it refers to any process by which a lifeform can give
rise to another lifeform.
Redi, Richter, and Pasteur

the foundation of organic revolution

MODERN THEORY

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane’s Theory - ocean served as a huge cooking pot where chemical
reactions could occur to form a huge diversity of organic compounds.

Alexander Parin’s Theory - gradual chemical changes of organic molecules, in the “primordial soup”
which existed on earth four billion years ago.

Coacervation Theory - origin of life was preceded by the formation of ‘coacervates’ composed of two or
more colloids (proteins, lipid, nucleic acid)

Chemical Theory

INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SCIENCE 3


Theory of Primary Abiogenesis - non-living things can give rise to life in the condition of primitive earth.

MODERN THEORY ASSUMPTIONS

Spontaneous generation of life under the present environment is not possible.

Earth’s atmosphere - 1 billion years ago is very different from the current conditions.

Primitive Earth’s atmosphere was reducing in nature.

under these conditions, the inorganic molecules react to form substances and complex biomolecules.

The solar energy and UV radiation provided the energy for the chemical reactions.

UREY - MILLER EXPERIMENT


the Miller - Urey experiment provided the first evidence that organic molecules needed for life could be formed
from inorganic components.

INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SCIENCE 4

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