Flow Chart For Systematic Literature Review

Embarking on a literature review is akin to navigating through a labyrinth of scholarly works,

theories, and research findings. It requires a methodical approach, a keen eye for detail, and a
substantial amount of time and effort. For those delving into the world of academia or research,
crafting a literature review can often feel like an insurmountable task.

The Challenge of Writing a Literature Review

The challenges are manifold. One must not only identify the relevant literature but also critically
analyze and synthesize it. This involves sifting through countless articles, books, and other sources to
establish the current state of knowledge on a particular topic. Additionally, distinguishing between
reliable and questionable sources is crucial to maintaining the integrity of the review.

Moreover, organizing the information in a coherent and logical manner is no small feat. A literature
review must flow seamlessly, guiding the reader through the evolution of ideas, conflicting
viewpoints, and gaps in existing research. Ensuring that each source is properly cited and referenced
adds another layer of complexity to the task.

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Be sure to include some background information on the actual topic in the introduction. Changes in
approach over time can be seen after publication information has been compared, so be sure to place
the authors within their own historical context too. In both stand-alone and embedded
historiographies, you must support your arguments and analyses with examples from the sources. A
systematic review assembles all the experimental evidences and reported studies that fit the pre-set
inclusion criteria to answer a specific research question. Preprints, as an alternative, have emerged as
a transformational breakthrough. These themes will also be used as the headings for your Matrix,
which will be discussed in detail in Section B: Planning and Researching. Careful planning will also
help you to provide insightful analysis. Systematic literature reviews are comprehensive and
transparent, and typically conducted over multiple databases using a well-defined search and review
strategy. Use the search strings created in Step 2 to search the databases. Also note when your
sources were published and if any important social, political, or economic events occurred at roughly
the same time. Meta-analysis does a combined analysis of the extracted data from the included
studies and provides statistical values for each study’s effect sizes. Embedded literature reviews
must discuss the connections between the sources you used for your research and also make
connections between your work and these sources. Try to place your current work and research
within this wider discussion by considering how your research supports, contradicts, or departs from
other scholars’ research. This will serve as the basis for your thesis statement. However, not all of
them are accepted for publication. Three common approaches are chronological, thematic, and
debate-focused. After obtaining his Bachelor of Science in Genetics, he earned a Master of Science
in Microbiology from the Michael DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research at McMaster
University. On March 30, 2016, Andrew Duong taught a seminar to students at the Michael
DeGroote School of Medicine on the 6 Steps of the Systematic Review Process. No, seriously. How
many times have you had to double-take your literature results because your numbers don’t match.
Your entire systematic literature review process can be documented using a flow chart known as the
PRISMA Flow Diagram. Andrew has received numerous awards and scholarships including: the
Ontario Graduate Scholarship, the William Henry Yates Travel Scholarship and the Institute of
Infectious Disease Research Undergraduate Research Award. SLRs may be quantitative (by only
reviewing quantitative studies), qualitative (by only reviewing qualitative studies), or mixed methods
(by reviewing both quantitative and qualitative studies). Include information on the thesis,
perspective, historical approach, arguments, sources, and methodology. Address how your approach
to the topic reinforces or rejects previous approaches as well as how your work contributes to the
larger body of knowledge on your topic. To write a strong stand-alone literature review, you should
approach the research using a step-by-step process. Narrative reviews usually omit this checkpoint
and include studies without examining potential study biases and heterogeneity between study
results. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience.
Also look for publication patterns by investigating if certain approaches to the topic were common
during a specific time. The most important aspect of systematic reviews is they save a lot of time and
funds by preventing unnecessary research. The systematic reviews are updated if some new evidence
is produced. (Figure 1).
Meta-analysis also deals with the publication bias by employing L’Abbe plot, inverted funnel-plots,
and forest plots. After obtaining his Bachelor of Science in Genetics, he earned a Master of Science
in Microbiology from the Michael DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research at McMaster
University. This is followed by the protocol development, selection of relevant studies, data
extraction, quality assessment of the studies, analysis of the results, and then writing and publication.
The most important aspect of systematic reviews is they save a lot of time and funds by preventing
unnecessary research. No, seriously. How many times have you had to double-take your literature
results because your numbers don’t match. Data abstraction will involve pulling data elements from
the individual studies. Use specific authors or sources as examples, and be sure to explain any
similarities or departures in approach, methodology, findings, or argument. Preprints, as an
alternative, have emerged as a transformational breakthrough. They provide reliable and
authenticated clues for medical decision making, planning future research projects, in the
establishment of clinical or health policies, and help in the comparative effectiveness research. The
systematic reviews are updated if some new evidence is produced. (Figure 1). A meta-analysis
combines data from different studies, effectively creating a larger sample size to improve the quality
of information. Also note when your sources were published and if any important social, political, or
economic events occurred at roughly the same time. SLRs are a research method used to write an
entire journal article. Like other literature reviews, historiographies can be embedded or stand-alone.
Writing an embedded literature review will clarify your understanding of the material and
demonstrate your thorough research skills. You must have a clear understanding of the important
people, series of events, places, or times that were involved with your topic. Fourth, analyze the
patterns you noted by considering similarities and differences between sources. It records the total
number of articles found from the initial searches, and then makes the selection process transparent
by reporting on inclusion or exclusion decisions made at various stages of the systematic review.
Your entire systematic literature review process can be documented using a flow chart known as the
PRISMA Flow Diagram. Consult your library subject guide to review databases appropriate for your
topic. They are self-contained pieces of writing that can function as a stepping stone to a larger piece
of writing or can enhance writers’ understandings of a topic. Some of these cookies are necessary to
operate the site, while others help us tracking website performance. These cookies do not store any
personal information. To write a strong stand-alone literature review, you should approach the
research using a step-by-step process. It should be made clear that around what idea the systematic
review should revolve around. SLRs may be quantitative (by only reviewing quantitative studies),
qualitative (by only reviewing qualitative studies), or mixed methods (by reviewing both quantitative
and qualitative studies). Rather than examining the topic itself, historiography is the study of how
historical topics have been examined over time by other historians. In conjunction with this checklist,
we are also able to provide you with bespoke strategies to bring your business up to speed. In your
notes, be sure to record each author’s thesis, methodology, strengths, limitations, and significant
findings in addition to relevant information you can use in an essay. The length of embedded
literature reviews varies, but is usually dependent upon the length of your assignment.
Communications of the Association of Information Systems, 37 (43), 879-910. First, carefully
examine your topic to gain necessary background information. After the idea about the significance
of the review is made clear, a review team is assembled. Some of these cookies are necessary to
operate the site, while others help us tracking website performance. This category only includes
cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. A systematic review
assembles all the experimental evidences and reported studies that fit the pre-set inclusion criteria to
answer a specific research question. Unlike embedded literature reviews, which appear as part of a
larger piece of work, stand-alone literature reviews are a self-contained piece of writing that can be
read on their own (Figure A.2). Once researchers have selected a topic, the first step in their research
methodology is often the stand-alone literature review. There is considerable overlap between a
systematic review and a meta-analysis, but they are principally two different methods of
summarizing data about a research question. In conjunction with this checklist, we are also able to
provide you with bespoke strategies to bring your business up to speed. The prerequisite of
conducting a systematic review is to first prepare a valid and clear question. Communications of the
Association of Information Systems, 37 (43), 879-910. A meta-analysis is always conducted after a
systematic review. Embedded literature reviews, meanwhile, are part of a larger piece of writing,
such as an essay, thesis, or scholarly article. Also look for publication patterns by investigating if
certain approaches to the topic were common during a specific time. This is followed by the protocol
development, selection of relevant studies, data extraction, quality assessment of the studies, analysis
of the results, and then writing and publication. This webinar will explore the EMA’s PLM portal,
spotlighting recent activities and data insights. For example, kinesiologists studying heart disease
will review the literature to identify acceptable measurement methods, whereas anthropologists
researching intersections of culture and technology need to examine the literature to identify
different categories of analysis. They are self-contained pieces of writing that can function as a
stepping stone to a larger piece of writing or can enhance writers’ understandings of a topic. They
introduce readers to the surrounding literature while also situating your work within the larger
scholarly discussion on that topic. Try to explain points of similarity or difference by considering the
authors’ individual historical perspectives, source usage, methodology, or structure. Fifth, situate
your own research within the current literature in your field. You also have the option to opt-out of
these cookies. However, not all of them are accepted for publication. It is just as important to
identify gaps in knowledge, as this will inform future areas of research. For example, groups of
scholars disagree about the best way to measure a physiological event, and as a result, use different
instruments and methodologies. You may start with writing research questions and objectives. These
cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Criteria may include factors relating
to the population, the intervention, the type of study and the outcome. A meta-analysis combines
data from different studies, effectively creating a larger sample size to improve the quality of
information. In this case, devote most of your space to explaining the connections between sources,
but you must also include a thesis and a conclusion, even though they will be brief.