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    The document summarizes the political evolution and organization of the Crowns of Castilla and Aragón in Spain during the Middle Ages. It details how Castilla unified in the 13th century through conquest and land redistribution, gained dominance over Muslims through victories like the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, and saw the rise of the Trastámara dynasty and dynastic union with Aragón. For political organization, Castilla had a monarch with total authority and consultative Cortes, while cities had privileges. The Crown of Aragón formed through the union of Aragón and Catalonia in the 12th century and expanded through the Mediterranean in the 13th century before uniting with Castilla. It

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    The document summarizes the political evolution and organization of the Crowns of Castilla and Aragón in Spain during the Middle Ages. It details how Castilla unified in the 13th century through conquest and land redistribution, gained dominance over Muslims through victories like the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, and saw the rise of the Trastámara dynasty and dynastic union with Aragón. For political organization, Castilla had a monarch with total authority and consultative Cortes, while cities had privileges. The Crown of Aragón formed through the union of Aragón and Catalonia in the 12th century and expanded through the Mediterranean in the 13th century before uniting with Castilla. It

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    The document summarizes the political evolution and organization of the Crowns of Castilla and Aragón in Spain during the Middle Ages. It details how Castilla unified in the 13th century through conquest and land redistribution, gained dominance over Muslims through victories like the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, and saw the rise of the Trastámara dynasty and dynastic union with Aragón. For political organization, Castilla had a monarch with total authority and consultative Cortes, while cities had privileges. The Crown of Aragón formed through the union of Aragón and Catalonia in the 12th century and expanded through the Mediterranean in the 13th century before uniting with Castilla. It

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    19 views2 pages

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    maria.guaita
    The document summarizes the political evolution and organization of the Crowns of Castilla and Aragón in Spain during the Middle Ages. It details how Castilla unified in the 13th century through conquest and land redistribution, gained dominance over Muslims through victories like the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, and saw the rise of the Trastámara dynasty and dynastic union with Aragón. For political organization, Castilla had a monarch with total authority and consultative Cortes, while cities had privileges. The Crown of Aragón formed through the union of Aragón and Catalonia in the 12th century and expanded through the Mediterranean in the 13th century before uniting with Castilla. It

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    THE CROWN OF CASTILLA

    Political evolution:
    1. Uni cation of Castilla and León (13th century)
    • Important conquest led to the uni cation of Castilla and Leon in the 13th century
    • Land distribution to nobles, military orders, and ecclesiastical institutions reshaped
    society.

    2. Reconquista and Resettlement (13th century)


    -Battle of las Navas de Tolosa (1212) > Christian VS Almohads (Cristians become more
    powerful)
    • Christians demonstrated military superiority over Muslims, marking a turning point.
    -Fernando III el Santo's conquest (1230)
    • Conquered Córdoba, Jaén and Sevilla. It established Castilla's dominance

    3. Trastámara Dynasty emerged (14th century):

    -Alfonso XI's Victory at Battle of Salado (1340)


    • Castilla gains control of the Strait of Gibraltar, asserting dominance
    -Civil war and Rise of Trastámara Dynasty (1356-1359)
    • Civil war between Pedro I el Cruel and Enrique of Trastámara highlights tensions
    between nobles and monarchy.

    4. Dynastic Union with Aragón (15th Century):


    -Isabel I la Católica and Fernando II el Católico's Union (1479):
    • Crown of Castilla and Aragón united by marriage it also strengthened monarchy's power
    over nobility.
    -End of Reconquista (1492):
    • Conquest of Granada and Canary Islands marks the end of Reconquista.

    Political Organization:

    1. Monarchy:
    • Ruler ‘by the grace of God' with total authority over government, judiciary, and
    military.
    • Exclusive rights and hereditary monarchy.

    2. Cortes (Consultative Body):


    • Consolidated group of representatives from nobility, clergy, and cities.
    • No legislative capacity; consultative in nature.

    3. Cities and Privileges (Fueros):


    • Main cities granted privileges during resettlement.
    City council and corregidor played key roles in city
    • governance.
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    fi
    THE CROWN OF ARAGÓN

    Political Evolution:

    1. Formation of the Crown of Aragón (12th Century):


    • Dynastic union of the Catalonian Counties and the Kingdom of Aragón.

    2. Mediterranean Expansion (13th Century):


    • Conquests under Jaime I el Conquistador: Valencia, Balearic Islands, and Kingdom of
    Sicily.

    3. 14th Century Expansion and Crisis:


    • Catalonian mercenaries' expeditions and conquests in Greece.
    • Conquest of Sardinia by Jaime Il.
    • Black Death outbreak in 1348 leads to economic crisis.

    4. Dynastic Union with Castilla (15th Century):


    • Compromise of Caspe (1410) Installs the Trastámara dynasty.
    • Conquest of Naples by Alfonso V establishes a Mediterranean Empire.

    Political Organization:

    1. Cortes (Representative Institution):


    • Cortes of Catalonian Counties, Valencia, and Aragón represented nobility, clergy, and
    bourgeoisie .
    • Had some legislative power and represented each territory.

    2. Diputación General/Generalitat (Governing Institutions):


    • Responsible for enforcing cortes agreements; later gained political power.

    3. Autonomous Cities:
    • Cities like Barcelona had considerable autonomy, especially in trade.
    • Governed by councils of city dignitaries.

    4. Monarchy (Limited Power):


    • Resulted from agreements between monarch and territories.
    • Power relatively more limited compared to Crown of Castilla.
    

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