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Shaper

The shaper machine uses a single point cutting tool held in a ram to cut flat surfaces on a workpiece secured to the machine table. The ram reciprocates in a straight line, cutting on the forward stroke and returning empty on the back stroke. The table can be moved vertically and crosswise to position different areas of the workpiece under the tool. Common applications include generating flat surfaces, smoothing rough surfaces, and cutting internal splines, gear teeth, and keyways.

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Dawood Abdullah
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18 views12 pages

Shaper

The shaper machine uses a single point cutting tool held in a ram to cut flat surfaces on a workpiece secured to the machine table. The ram reciprocates in a straight line, cutting on the forward stroke and returning empty on the back stroke. The table can be moved vertically and crosswise to position different areas of the workpiece under the tool. Common applications include generating flat surfaces, smoothing rough surfaces, and cutting internal splines, gear teeth, and keyways.

Uploaded by

Dawood Abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shaper Machine

Introduction
• Single point cutting tool (generally HSS)

• Used to produce Horizontal, Vertical or Inclined flat surfaces by means of straight-line reciprocating tool
motion

• A shaper machine holds the Single point cutting tool in ram and workpiece is fixed over the table

• The ram holding the tool reciprocates over the workpiece and metal is cut during the forward stroke
called a cutting stroke and

• No metal is cut during its return stroke is called an Idle stroke.

• The feed is given at the end of the cutting stroke.

• Generally, the cutting stroke is carried out at slow speed and the idle stroke is carried at high speed with
the help of quick return mechanism
Quick return mechanism
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3G3au-EyAQ
Parts of a shaper machine
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jNFrRJMFGk
1. Base:

• The Base is designed to take the entire load of the machine tool and it is bolted to the floor of the
shop.

2. Column:
• The column is a Box like casting made up of cast iron and mounted on a base.

• It is provided with accurately machined guideways on the top on which the ram reciprocates.

3. Cross rail:
• The cross rail is mounted on the ground vertical guideways of the column.

• It consists of two parallel guideways on its top perpendicular to the ram axis is called as a saddle

to move the table in crosswise direction by means of a feed screw.

• The table can be raised or lowered to accommodate different sizes of the job by rotating

elevating screw which causes the cross rail to slide up and down on the vertical face of the

column.
4. Saddle:

• It is mounted on the cross rail to hold the table firmly on its top.

• The crosswise movement of the saddle causes the table to move crosswise direction by rotating the
crossfeed screw.

5. Table:

• It is mounted on the saddle.

• It can be moved crosswise by rotating the crossfeed rod and vertically by rotating the elevating screw.

• The table is a box-like casting with accurately machined top and side surfaces. These surfaces having
t-slots for clamping the work.

6. Ram:

• It is a reciprocating member of the shaper which holds the tool and the reciprocates on the guideways
on the top of the column by means of quick return motion mechanism.

• It houses the screwed shaft for altering the position of the RAM with respect to the work. The RAM is
in semi-cylindrical form and heavily ribbed inside to make it more rigid.
7. Tool Head:

• The tool head holds the cutting tool firmly and provides both vertical and angular movement

to the tool with the help of a down feed screw handle.

• The head allows the tool to have an automatic relief during the return stroke.

• The vertical slide of a tool head consists of a swivel base which is graduated in degrees.

So, the vertical slide can set at any angle with the work surface.

• The amount of feed or depth of cut may be adjusted by a micrometer dial on top of the

down feed screw.


Types of shaper machines
Based on the type of driving mechanism types of shaper machines.
•Crank type (Example: Quick return Motion Mechanism)
•Geared type shaper
•Hydraulic type

Based on ram travel types of shaper machines.


•Horizontal Shaper
•Vertical Shaper
Based on the table design types of shaper machines.
•Standard or Plain Shape
•Universal shaper
Standard or Plain Shaper:
In this machine, the table has only two motion: crosswise in the horizontal
plane and vertical movement (up and down).
The table is not provided with a swivel motion.
Universal shaper:
This machine is similar to plain shaper except that the table can be tilted at
a various angle, making it possible to inclined flat surfaces.
The table also has a movement in the horizontal plane and vertical direction
(up and down ) as in plain shaper.
Based on cutting stroke types of shaper machines.
•Push type shaper machine
•Draw type shaper machine
Advantages/disadvantages
• Advantages of Shaper Machine:
• The single point cutting tool used is inexpensive or we can say low tooling
cost.
• The cutting stroke having a definite stopping point.
• The work can be held easily in the shaper machine.
• The set up is very quick and easy and also can be readily changed from one
job to another job.
• Disadvantages of Shaper Machine:
• By nature, it is a slow machine because of its straight-line forward and returns
strokes the single point cutting tool requires Several strokes to complete a
work. (They are slow)
Applications
• To generate straight and flat surfaces.
• Smooth rough surfaces.
• Make internal splines.
• Make gear teeth.
• Make key ways in pullies or gears.
• Machining of die, punches, straight and curved slots.

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