r il Msg Keen Synchronized Study of XII Boards + JEE Main & Advanced Class XI & XIJEE Syllabus Definition Standard Equation Central Curve Latus Rectum Focal Distance of a Point Another Definition of Ellipse Solved Problems Subjective Objective Exercise - 1 Tangent and Normal Solved Problems Subjective Objective Exercise — 2 Pair of Tangents and Chord of Contact Solved Problems Subjective Objective Exercise — 3 AB Miscellaneous Solved Problems wd ‘Subjective 219 Objective al Answers to Exercises 27 FORMULAE AND CONCEPTS AT A GLANCE 2B Chapter Practice Problems +30 Subjective 30 Objective 30 Assignments Problems +32 Section-| +32 Section-It 41 Answers to CPP and Assignments 3ELLIPSE LT Equation of ellipse, standard form, foci, directrix and eccentricity, parametric equations, equation of tangents and normals, equation of pair of tangents and chord of contact. ‘An ellipse is the locus of a point which moves such that its distance from a fixed point (focus) bears to its Perpendicular distance from a fixed straight line (directrix) a constant ratio (eccentricity) which is less than unity. Standard Equation Let ZN be the directrix, S the focus and e the eccentricity of the ellipse whose equation is required. Draw SZ perpendicular to ZN. Since e < 1, we can divide ZS both internally and externally in the ratio 1, ie. ifthe points of division be A and A’ as in the figure, then AS=eZAand A'S=eZA. Then by definition of the ellipse A and A’ on the ellipse. Let C be the centre of the ellipse and let AA’=2a. Then AC = a= CA’. Also = 2a=2e(ZC) >ZC= ; and SC = ae. Now let $ be the focus (-2e, 0) with C as the origin and x = -a/e as the directrix. Then any point P(x, y) on the ellipse will satisfy SP2= e? (perpendicular distance of P from ZN)? = (x + ae)? + (y - 0)? = €%(x + ale)? = x1 = 62) + y?= a(1 -e%). 2 2 x Therefore, >= + —*>—— = 1 or a a(1-e’) a BF = 1, where b? = a°(1 -e%). ay The eccentricity of the ellipse — ai ¥ = 1 is given by the relation b b?=ai(1-e%), ie, e=1- bear, ‘Since the ellipse is symmetrical about the y-axis, i follows that there exists another focus S' at (ae, 0) and ‘a corresponding directrix N'Z’, with the equation x = ale, such that the same ellipse is described if a point moves so that its distance from S' is e times its distance from NZ’ TMegocorm Cognllons Pv Ui, 57, Kal Soral Sarvaptva Vitor. New Dehi-110017, Email: enquryamegocosmeogniion.com ‘webste www megacosmeogniions.comThus, an ellipse has two foci and two directrices, Central Curve A curve is said to be a central curve if there is a point, called the centre, such that every chord passing through itis bisected at it Latus Rectum The chord through the focus at right angles to the major axis is called the latus rectum Notes: The major axis AA’ is of length 2a and the minor axis BB" is of length 2b The foci are (-ae, 0) and (ae, 0). The equations of the directrices are x = a/e and x The length of the semi latus rectum = b?/ a Q Circe is a particular case of an ellipse with e = 0 ale Focal Distance of a Point Since S'P = ePN’, SP = ePN, SP + SP = e(PN + PN’) =e (NN')=e(2ale) = 2a => the sum of the focal distances of any point Z on the ellipse is equal to its major axis. Another Definition of Ellipse Ellipse is the locus of a point the sum of whose distances from two fixed points is a constant greater than the distance between the fixed points. Other Forms 2 y fin the equation 3 + Za and the x-axis and are of lengths 2b and 2a respectively. The foci become (0, + be), and the 2 z The length of the semi-latus rectum becomes 1, a# Oh + (y- = ez, whichis of the form ax?+ 2hxy + by’+ 29x + 2y +.c=0 ... (*) where A= abc +2 fgh —aP-bg? - ch? #0, h? < ab. These are the necessary and sufficient conditions for a : genera quadratic equation given by (") to represent an Position of a Point Rel: ive to an Ellipse 2 The point P(x, ys)is outside or inside the elipse a positive or negative. Parametric Equation of an Ellipse 2 Clearly, x = a cos6, y = b sind satisfy the equation X— a 2 Hence, the parametric equations of the ellipse > + Y 2b where 0 is the parameter. 2 Also (a cos 0, b sind) is a point on the ellipse a = 1 for all values of 6(0 < 6 < 2n). The point (a cos®, b sind) is also called the point 6. The angle @ is called the eccentric angle of the point (a c0s0, b sind) on the ellipse. Draw a circle with AA’ (the major axis) as the diameter. This , circle is called the auxiliary circle of the ellipse. The equation of the circle is x? + y? = a”. Any point Q on the circle is (a cosd, a sind). Draw QM as perpendicular to AA’ cutting the ellipse at P. The x-co-ordinate of P = CM = a cos® => y-co-ordinate of P is b sind = P=(acos0, b sind). Eccentric Angle The eccentric angle of any point P on the ellipse is the angle MCQ made with the major axis by the straight line CQ joining the centre C to point Q on the auxiliary circle which ‘corresponds to the point P on the above figure eccentric angle is 6. webute : www megacosmeognllons.comMas cl] as 4: Find the centre, the length of the axes and the eccentricity of the ellipse 2x? + By? — 4x — 12y + 13=0. Solution: The given equation can be written as 2(x - 1)? + 3(y - 2° (= (y-2) owt. = 1 => The centre of the ellipse is (1, 2). a 4 2 3 The major axis = 2.— = \2. : E Li 2.1 The minor axis = 2. = 2 “22> . BB 33 ior fon 2: Find the equation ofthe ellipse whose foci are (2, 3), (-2, 3) and whose semi minor axis is of length V5, Solution: —_ Here Sis (2, 3), S's (-2, 3) and b = V5. =S je > ae = 2 But b? = a? (1 -e?) > 5=a?-4>a=3, Centre C of the ellipse is (0, 3). (x-07 Hence the equation of the ellipse is = 5x? + Oy? — Say +36 = 0. OLVED PROBLEM: Find the equation of the ellipse having centre at (1, 2), one focus at (6, 2) and passing through the point (4, 6). 1 1 (x- Solution: With centre at (1, 2) the equation of the ellipse is through the point (4, 6) 91 ooteet tO) Distance between the focus and the centre = (6 - 1 => b?= a? a’e?= a? 25, ---(2) ‘Solving for a? and b? from the 2 (1) and (2), we get a? = 45 and b? = 20. =) (y-2F 20 ya 2: Find the equation of the ellipse (in standard form) having latus rectum 5 and eccentricity 213, 2 Solution: _Let the ellipse be a Hence the equation ofthe epse is) =1 with a> b. be ‘Megecoum Cogntions Pv 57, Kalu oral, Sorvapiva Vina, New DePi-110017, Emall:enquty@megacesmeogniions com ‘webslle www.megacesmeogntions.com2 20" > 2b? = ba () a 4) _ 5a? °(1-4)-8 | 3) 9 =n oan? 25g. 45 Tog 78> 5 andhence v= Sa 48 ‘The equation of the ellipse, in the standard form, is thus aia * 4574 =4y+7) (ee The length of the major axis ofthe ellipse (5x —10)? + (Sy +1)? = Gxray+ih is 20 (a)10 e) 20 (8) 3 20 c) 22 (5 (0)4 2 Solution: (w-2 +(ysaf =(Z Baa 1) is an ellipse, whose focus is (2, -3), clrectix 3x ~ 47+7 0nd scout 1 Length ofthe perpendicular from the focus to the dretrix is $*2-4*(-9)+7_5 59 that 2-ae=5 = 2a-2-5 > a= e 2 So length of the major axis is 2 Hence (B) is the correct answer. oo The distance between the directrices of the ellipse we OF © 3 (0) none of these Solution: Hence (C) is the correct answer. Jcovm Connon Fv Wd, #7 KON Srl Savoptya Vio New DeP-1IG07, nal enquy@mepoccomcosnlion com oe 2 “website : www.megacosmcognitions.comios lengths of major and minor axes ang ty e the foci, the vertices: the Weta the co-ordinates of Fine wcity ofthe lipse 9x? + 4Y° = 5° 4, 0), the directrix is x + ytt= 0 and om the equation of the ellipse whose focus is ( 1 eccentricity is i iyis Te : its equation. eccentricity is 1/2. Find i a foci ofan ellipse are (22, 0) 2nd tS 2 oe ' cA Pisa variable point on the elise a + y = (a> b) with AA’ as the major axis, Find the igle APA a maximum value of the area of trian: SY Find the eccentricity, foc! and ienath of jtus rectum ofthe elipse x*+ 4y?+ By 2+ 129 (6 Find a and b forthe etipse bir? + aly? = afb? the distance between the directrices is 55 and the distance between the foci is 4V5 5 ugh the point (-3, 1) and its eccentricity Is u . The equation of the eipse cae wy ‘an elipse passes tho is (a) 3x2 + 5y? = 32 (B) 3x? + 5y? = 25 (c) e+ y= 4 (03+? sentation of a point on the ellipse whose foci are (-1, 0) and (7, 0) . 0) and 8. The parametric repre eccentricity 112is 2 (a (2+ 8008 8, 413 in 0) (8) (6 00s 6, 4¥3 sin 8) i (D) none ofthese (c) (3+ 4¥3 cos 0, 8 sin 8) ipse represented by 25x? + 16y? - 150x - 175 = Os Y The eccentricity of the ell 2 3 Ws ®)s (D) none of these oe 2 ee “aie 1 =1 is —=, then the latus rectum of the ellipse is 40. £ If the eccentricity of the ellipse aad ae+2 V6 (A) (B) a 6 (D) none of these (c) Sle Sle Toqocun Copiion Pa 00,57 iyeneae Gu fat fovepiva vir New Do = Suse Dan aT oly enquyareporosncopmensco baile : www.megacosmcognitions.com “mnEquation of the Tangent to an Ellipse 4 bx, 4. Slope of tangent at (x1, yy)= 2% = 2 Let the equation of the ellipse be a’ y, 2 we Ws Hence the equation ofthe tangent at (x, yi)isy -ys= 1 (x—x,) => M+ a! ay, © Equation of tangent at the point @ i.e. (a cos®, b sin8) is obtained by putting x: = a cos0, yr=bsing = X.0080 | y sin a b 1 Intersection of the tangents at the points 4 and ey Equations of the tangents to the ellipse “+ 2 1 at the points § and ¢ are a b Xcosge Ying 50086+ Esing-1=0 (1) Xcosg’+Y sing! -1= and 3st pone 0 (2) ‘On solving (1) and (2), we get xJa yi 1 sind—sing’ cos$’—cos$ sin(o—9') x 7 y il 2acost2# in PHF asin + Hence x= a Equation of the Tangent in Terms of its slope; Condition of Tangency 2 To find the condition that the line y = mx + c may touch the ellipse X.Y ee be x cos | y sind b then comparing coefficients, we get sin’ @+cos*@_ | Vat? +b? Tangent to the ellipse at (a cos0, b sind) is Ify-mx= cis also a tangent to the given ellipse at cosd_sind_ 1,4 sind _coso amb oc cb. -am b? +(-am) =>c=+ vam +b. 2 x 2 Therefore, the equation of a tangent to the ellipse + 7 a y=mx+ Va’m? +b? for all values of m. 3 Sarvapiva Vir, New De ‘webste: warn megacotmcogntions.com ‘Megacoim Cognilons Pt. id. 57, Kol SeCe aa (a> b) which meet at right angles. Solution: Note: The 2 Bot ‘ rents to the ellipse “+25 1: Fitd the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents '0 pse 2 ae The line y = mx + Vatm? +b is a tangent to the given ellipse for all m. Let it passes through (h, k) => kmh = Jatm® be = k2+ mah? 2hkm = am? + b? => m? (h? - a2) - 2hkm + k?- b? = 0. If the tangents are at right angles, then mim ke -b? aA > St aphte kts ats b2 oe? Hence the locus of the point (h, k) is x? + y? = a? + b? which is a circle. This circle is called the Director Circle of the ellipse. locus of the point of the intersection of two perpendicular tangents to an ellipse is a circle known as the director circle. mus Solution: 2: Prove that the locus of the mid-points of the intercepts of the tangents to the ellipse ae 2 BP X +% =1, intercepted between the axes, is a+ E ap mY xcos' The tangent to the ellipse at any point (a cos@, b siné) is Let it meet the axes in P and Q, so that P is (a sec®, 0) and Qis (0, b coseco). if (h, k) is the mid-point of PA, then h = 282°8 beosecd b = sind = a cosd=— and k= = 2h si id ad teed aring and adding, we get 24> - els 1 we Pl nt ae Hence the locus of (h, k)is 2 x 3: Prove that the product of the lengths of the perpendiculars drawn from the foci to any 2 ye tangent to the ellipse = + = 1 is equal to 9, 4, For the given ellipse 6 (1-2) te foc are thus located at (v7, 0) and(-V7, 0). 3 and hence 9 =e 4 Equation of a tangent to the given ellipse is y=mx+ \16m? +9 (as a= 4, b= 3), Lengths p: and p2 of the perpendicular drawn from the foci are ‘S001 Sorvoptva Vier New Det 110017, mol: enautyemegcoms com webitte : www.megacosmcognitions.com are are.~ Vi6m? +9 +V7m Pr Se nd 14m? is 16m? +9-7m? _ 9(1+m? 2 aa z 14m tem Note: The product of lengths of the perpendiculars drawn from the foci to any tangent to the ellipse ¥ wrist ra Equation of the Normal to an Ellipse To find the equation of the normal to the ellipse Equation of the tangent at (xs, ys) is t+ MM a b ron = slope of the normal is 7 44; = equation of the normal % 1 Equation of the normal at (a cos9, b sind) is *— 20980 . y—Bsind ‘acoso sind a v? = ax sect - by cosecd = a?- b?. If the normal passes through a fixed point (x, ys) then ax: sec 0 — by: cosec 0 = a? b? 14? 140 or ax,| +" |_by, (23) . ( 2 On simplification, this equation gives byit! + 2(ax: + a? —bejt? + 2(axs — a + bjt - by: This is a 4"" degree equation int which gives, in general, four values of t. Hence from a fixed point four normals can be drawn to the given ellipse. a? ~b?, where t= tang at the points (x1, ys), (x2, yz) and (xs, ys) are lscpaaeel 4: If the normals to the ellipse * ee Ya Ys ‘concurrent, prove that }x, yp X2¥| =0. Ks Ya XY} Solution: The equation of the normal to the given ellipse at (xs, ys) is ays - Byxs - (@?- bys = 0. (1) Similarly the normals at (x2, y2) and (xs, ys) are atxye-b'yxa- (a?-b?paye=0 (2) “heneenrm Copnnors ht Ud. 37 Kaw Sra) Savoptve Vr, New Oe TTO017, Eat: [email protected] ‘web wow megecosmeogntions.comee 5: Solution: aPxys - b?yxs - (a? - b?)xaya = 0 -@) Eliminating a%x, b?y and (a? - b2) from (1), (2) and (3), we find Ya XY Concurrent if yp x, X2Y2| =0 Iva Xs %Yo Ys Ys =>) Yo K2¥2| =0. Ka Ya XaYs that the three lines are eo ipse dee Ifthe normal at the end of a latus rectum of the ellipse “> + > = 1 passes through the ‘extremity of a minor axis, prove that e* +e? - 1 = 0. Equation the normal to the given ellipse at Since it passes through (0, ~ b), ~a?=—ab-b? =a? = ab +a? (1-€?) or b = ae? = b?= a’e* or a? (1 -e”) = a’e* >etter-1=0, VED PROBLEMS The tangent at a point P on an ellipse intersects the major axis in T, and N is the foot of the perpendicular from P to the same axis. Show that the circle drawn on NT as diameter intersects the auxiliary circle orthogonally. ee Let the equation of the ellipse be~ a =1. Let P(a cos®, b sind) be a point on the be xcos0_ ysing ellipse. The equation of the tangent at P is. = 1. Where it meets the major axis, y= 0 => Tis (a sec®, 0). The coordinates of N are (a cos®, 0). The equation of the circle with NT as its diameter is (x a sec 8) (x — a cos 6) + y= 0 => x24 yP- ax(secd + cosd) + a? = 0. It cuts the auxiliary circle x? + y?- a? = 0 orthogonally if 2g.0 + 2f.0 = a?- a= 0, whichis true. ‘Megacosm Cogntlons Pv. id, 57, Kalu Sarl Savapriya Viner, New Delhi 110017, émall: enquly@megacosmeesemem com webslle : wirw:megacosmcegniions.comCT Problem 2: Y Solution: ss 7 Solution: ‘Megecosm Cogniions Pi. a The tangents at any point P (a cos 6, b sin 6) on the ellipse 7 a meets the auxiliary circle at two points which subtend a right angle at the centre. Prove that the eccentricity of the elipse is —! vit+sin? 9 Tangent to the ellipse is XS , yn’ =1 (1) a Homogenizing the equation of auxiliary circle x? + y?= a? with the help of (1), we get ay? 2 2(x y ~coso+ 4 (Seos0s sno) 2 9) x2 28 ® sin? oly? => (1 cos? 0) x: ~ Ap Sin OcosOxy +| 1- sin? ly? =0. It represents a pair of perpendicular lines if 2 es 2 (1-cos'o)+[1-2 sie] =0 2 =e site b? a 1+sin?@ 1+ sin? 0 e@=—1_ oe 1+ sin? 0. Vis sin? 8 Hf the tangent drawn at a point (t?, 2t) on the parabola y? = 4x is the same as the normal drawn at a point (VScos4, 2sing) on the ellipse 4x?+ Sy? = 20, find the values of tand ¢. Equation of the tangent at (?, 2t) to the parabola y? = 4x is x-ty+P=0, A) 2 Equation of the normal at (VB cos¢, 2sin§) to the ellipse = VBsech x-2cosech y=1 2 1 orx~ 2 cots y-—Lcosy =0 soe) E oy eo (2) Zoot _ -cose Since (1) and (2) tthe same line, 1 = “2? ince (1) and (2) represent Se Eliminating t from these equations, we get 4 cot? >= —v5 cos 6 => cos $= 0 or V5 cos? ¢—4 cos 6-V/5=0 2025, F orcosy qied fos" 1 that t= 0,0, =,-—. ] we 8 17, Kolo Sarah Srvoprva Vihar New Delh 110017, mal: enqutyemega ‘rebate wine megecosmeegniions.comSolution: Solution: Probl at a point P(9) on it meets the major The tangent and normal to the ellipse x? + 4y? ‘axes in Q and R respectively. if QR = 2, then cos0 is equal to (A) V3 (B) 2/3 (c) 113 (D) none of these 2 Ellipse = + y? = 4 ipse = + Let P(@) = (2cos®, sind). Equation of the tangent at P: (2sec8, 0). Equation of the normal at P: 2xsec - y cosecd = 3 =Re (cose 0) xcos8 sysino=t (1) cos? o| 2c0s0 Therefore QF 3 2sec 6 - —cos 6} | ia 16 + 9 cos‘d — 24 cos*@ = 16 cos*0 or Scos‘0 — 40 cos’0 +16 = 0 or 9 cos*® ~ 36 cos*@ ~ 4cos*a + 16=0 or (9c0s%@ — 4) (cose - 4)= 0 => cos’ = 4/9 => cosd = + 2/3 Hence (B) is the correct answer. 2 tt (V3) bx + ay = 2ab touches the ellipse + ¥ |, then the eccentric angle 0 of the point of contact is x x x B) 2 as @ x x 7 p) = (c) 3 )> Equation of tangent is ~ 8 i i =1 and equation of tangent at the point a (acos@, b sing) is Zeose + dsing 1 v3 1 Both are same ie. cos 4 =", sin} = 2 Hence (A) is the correct answer. '¥a tangent, of slope ‘m’ at a point of the ellipse + = 1, passes through (2a, 0) and if ‘e’ denotes the eccentricity of the ellipse then (A)m?+e2=1 (B) 2m? +e? = 4 (C) 3m? + (D) none of these #7 Cognition: Pvt. Lid. $7 Kalu Sral Sarvoprya Vina, New Del -IOOI7. Emel enqurvemeqeremeremerr cas ‘website: wir megacoimeognlions com oTAny tangent of slope m is y = mx +Va’m? +b. If it passes through (2a, 0), then atm? = b? 2 =1-e a Hence (C) is the correct answer te Find the condition for the line x cosa + y sina = p to be a tangent to the ellipse xy at pee?) \2E-_MESiNs and Sana be the perpendiculars from the foci S1 and S2 of an ellipse upon any tangent to \F the etipse then Prove that Ns and Ne lie on the auxiliary circle and SiN; - SzNo = b? Srna the value of 'a' for which the elipse * + =1, (a >b), if the extremities of the latus rectum o of the ellipse having positive ordinates lie on the parabola x? = - 2 (y -@). (4 Let P and Q be two points on the minor axis each at distance Ya -b* (a > b) from the centre of \© the ellipse and p and q be the lengths of the Perpendiculars upon any tangent from P and Q then find the value of p? + q? 5 Show that the tangents at the extremities of the latus rectum of an ellipse intersect on the eal corresponding directrix. we Find the equations of the tangents to the ellipse 4x? + 3y? = 5, which are parallel to the straight line y = 3x + 7. Find also the coordinates of the points of contact of the tangents which are inclined at 60° to the axis of x. 2 eae ‘are drawn to the ellipse = 1 at the ends of latus recta. The area of the quadrilateral so formed is (A) 27 (8) 13/2 (C) 15/4 (0)45 2 ee The tangent at any point P (a cos @, b sin 0) on the ellipse ~ +. meets the auxiliary circle ate ab 7 at two points which subtend a right angle at the centre, then eccentricity is 1 1 A = ) + sin* @ so 1 vVistan? 0 (c) (D) none of these coum Cogrlon Ft Wd #7 Kah Sal Saveptva Vio ao inc “website : www.megacosmcognitions.com2 ae oS If a tangent of slope ‘m’ at a point of the ellipse “> +e = 1 passes through (2a, 0) and a denotes the eccentricity of the ellipse, then (A) m?+ 2 = (B)2m?+e2=1 (©) 3m? + e?= 4 (D) none of these 6 x ¥ <4 from the point (0/ Number of the distinct normals that can be drawn to the ellipse 769° 25 a PO, 6)is (A) one (8) two (C)tvee (0) four Pair of Tangents and Chord of Contact From a fixed point (x1, ys) in general two tangents can be drawn to an P. ellipse. The equation of the pair of tangents drawn to the ellipse R a yt 7 2 ¥ E21 is given by wah hg) (2 wr ab 2 a bt Q In symbols we write SS: = 2 O If from the point P (x:, ys) tangents PQ and PR be drawn to the ellipse % +41, then the line a 7 Joining the points of contact Q and R is called the chord of contact. a of the chord of contact is at =OorT=0. Equation of the Chord Joining the Points (a cosa, b sina), (@ cosp.b sind) is x fat at a %eos( $22), Yein( 28). cos 252) Wh Equation of a chord which is bisected at the point (xs, ys) is eo a 2 x ‘ a, oe -lorT=S; aera To find the length of the chord intercepted by the ellipse + = 1 on the straight line y=mx +c. a x2 (mx+cy Points of intersection of the ellipse and the line are given by ~ + a ie. (a? m? + b2)x? + 2a%cmx + a2%(c? — b?) = 0. (1) Therefore the straight line meets the ellipse in two points (real, coincident or imaginary). If (%1, ys) and (x2, y2) be the points of intersection , the length of the chord is bs, yi) and (x, ye) be V%1—%2)° (Ye ve)? = Vem? fy x0), (2) (since ys — ya =m (x1 x2) ) where x1 and x2 are the roots of the equation (1), and Pfc? Be 2a’cm 5 (¢ = ) tes at eagee Xt Xe am? +b? atm + 0 thatdato? _ 4a°(c? -b?) _4a®b? (am? +b? -c2) (em? «b?)? (a?m? +b?) i (2m? +62)" (1m?) 4a2b? (a¢m? +b? ~c?) (2m? +0?) (x1 - X1 ta) — 4x1 x2 Hence the length of the chord is ab i 2)(a’m? ab? oe? vee (1+?) (a?m? +b? —c' ). 2 : ‘Mustration 1: From a point P tangents are drawn to the ellipse x If the chord of contact is a4 normal to the ellipse, then find the locus of P, Solution: se P (2x, y1) the chord of contact is $1 = 0 w: Foe =1 we (1) Anormal to the ellipse at any point (a cos 8, b sin 6) is. BRIDE oui pe eB a? fs cosd sind ~* @ (1) and (2) imply, “2288 a at x Eliminating 8, we get 2 sie Hence the locus of Pis 242 (a? -p2)?. ey Mustration 2: From a point P tangents are drawn to the ellipse ne =1. If the chord of contact Noe ey ae touches the ellipse a =1, then find the locus of P. a ws Solution: —_Let P be (x1, yi), the chord of contact ist 5 4 wet a ax? dy? Hence the locus of P is “— a atSOLVED Em aS voy (a>b)bea Problem 1: if the eccentric angles of the ends of a focal chord of the ellipse / and 8, prove that tan &. tan £1 4 ot eet Solon: Equation the cori Kes 2b Lsin £8 x cog 2a l a 2 2 panne tough te focus (22, 0) se cost th = cos 8=8 2 2 2 cog 8 a8 B 8 =| cos “cosh - sin% sin®| = cos | 70085 -sin$ sing | = cos cos! + sinking = e[t-tanStanf] <1 tanStan® = tan’ «al st 22 Bang am en ot ithe chord passes through (ae, 0) then tan’. tan = st = Problem 2: if PS:Q and PS:R be two focal chords of the ellipse whose two foci are S: and Sz and the Y eccentric angle of P is ‘8° then show that the equation of chord QR is 2 oS Xeo594%.1® sing+1=0 abt Solution: Let Qb9(@ a8, sina) and Rb acs, b sin) hen he equation the chord QR +B ye,a+B ..a-B Xcog 228 | Ysin =P - cos. is Boost oP «Point > which on simplifying becomes *(4- tan tan} +¥ B) +1 1, subtends a ab right angle at the centre of the ellipse. Prove that the line touches a circle concentric with the ellipse. ‘Megacoim Cognlions Pt Ud, 67, Kalu Saal Savaptva Viner New Debi 110017 Emel!” enautyemepeeemmeesymoneee o Webste wae magacotmcogntionscom i| aya 2 we Find the length of the chord ofthe elipse = Soot whose middle point 2) ee Find the locus of the point from which two tangents are drawn, inclined to each other at an angle me (= 6,10 the etipse % + ¥ a & ® Suppose x and y are real numbers and x? + 9y? ~ 4x + 6y + 4 = 0. Then find the maximum value ate) From a point © on the circle x? + y? = 42, tangents OP and OQ are drawn to the ellipse 2 y . = =1(a > b). Show that the locus of the mid point of the chord PQ describes the curve vor se 8 Locus of mid-points of chords of an elipse which are drawn through an end of minor axis is (A) straight line (8) parabola (C) ellipse (0) circle The locus of a point whose chord of contact with respect to the ellipse x? + 2y? = 1 subtends a es Tight angle at the centre of the ellipse is (A) x2 + 4y? (B)y?= 4x (C) 2x? + yf (D) none of these MISCELLANEOUS SOLVED PROBLEMS Prove that the tangent and the normal at any point of an ellipse bisect the angles between the focal radi of that point. 2 Let PT and PN be the tangent and the normal at P(x, yi) tothe ellipse + s =1. The a ws oe equation of the tangent is 5 a 2, 2 P< Slope ofthe normal ms = 2-24 avy, b*x, If S(ae, 0) and S'(-ae, 0) are the foci, then slope of SP = ms= —!_ and slope of S'P = ma = x -a6 x +88 My =, _ aeys t+mym; —b? = Slope of the tangent is mi = => tan(SPN) = (using a? - b? ‘Sorvoprva Vivo, New Debi 110017, Emal enqutyomegaconmcognMonrcom ‘webs: www megacosmcognitons.comCE 3 Similarly tan(S'PN) = Te > ZSPN = /S'PN + PN bisects tho angle between the focal radii SP and S'P. The tangent PT, boing porpendicular to PN, Is the other bisector. (Problem 2: & man running around a race-course notes that the sum of the distances Zl 0 fog Posts from him is always 10 metres and the distance between the flag-posts i eres. Prove that the area of the path he encloses in square metres is 15n. Solution: Let P(x, y) be the position af the man at any time. Let S(4, 0) and S'(-4, 0) be the fixed flag-posts, with C as the origin. Since SP+S'P = 10 metres i.e. a constant, the locus of P 's an ellipse with S and S' as foci and the length of the major axis = 10 metres. ,and 2a= 10 > @= 4/5 > b= a%(1 ©”) > b’ = 25(1 - 16/25} Hence the area of the ellipse = nab = 7.5.3 = 151. 2 ye (ooiom 3: From a point inside * a 1 four normals are drawn to the ellipse. Show that the sum a of the eccentric angles of the feet of normals is an odd multiple of x Solution: The normal at (a cos 0,b sin v)is 8% bY _ 4 cos sind Lot it passes through (h, k), then we get th bk 080 Sind Be be (1) 2 a estan $, cos. ao sind | ae (1-2) 2 or bkt* + 2 (ah + a — b’) t3 + 2 (ah — a? + b’)t—bk=0 Wty ta, ta and tare the roots, then J tity =0, tiotst (2) Db- Diels s tan| S| at L028 2 Dike + tiotaty or ¥°0, = (2n+1)r, odd multiple of x (1) becomes ah 2)ea?-t? x =(an+1)% (ans05 22 va 4: Find the condition thatthe line ix + my = n may be a normal to the elipse 2 + — 4, ab BK In: of the norm: ipse = ‘Solution: Equation of the normal to the ellipse ~ + at any point (a cos 8, b sin 6) is a x PY gt ) cos® sind The line Ik + my =n. (2) is also a normal to the given ellipse coum Cogntlons PiU 67, Kal Sra Servaprya Vier New Deh 110017 Emel enaukyemesacommesmmemeen a ae ‘website : www.megacosmeognitions.comProblem 5: Solution: Lt 1 cL) alcosé ~ —b/sing * cose =——20_ on ee ® and sin 9 = —_=bn m(a? —p2) (4) Squaring and adding (3) and (4), we get ae (a? (a? —p2)? Pm? A Variable point P on an ellipse of eccentricity e is joined to the foci S and S'. Prove that the locus of the in-centre of the triangle PSS’ is an ellipse whose eccentricity is & 2 ; x Let the ellipse be = oa = 1 whose foci are S(ae, 0) and S'(-ae, 0). If P(a cose, b sind) is any point on the ellipse, then SP = a(t ~ e cose), SP Let (h, k) be the in-centre ofthe triangle PSS’. Then h = ~228(1=e6088) + aea(1+ ecos0) +acosa.2ae a(1-ec0s®) +a(1+ec0s0)+2ae bsin.2ae a(1~ ecos6)+a(1+ecos0) + 2a0 ~ (1 + & cos) and SS’ = 2ae. = ae cos0, = C056 2 Hence the locus of (h, k) is ae? ob? (140) which is an ellipse, whose eccentricity e: is given by eat (1-6?) (1+e) Alternative: The in-centre is the point of intersection of the bisectors of the angles of triangle PSS’. We know that the normal at P to an ellipse bisects the angle SPS’, so that the in-centre 2 = ae?(1-e1%) >, 2 lies on the normal to the ellipse at P. Let the equation of the ellipse be = a a where the foci are S (ae, 0) and S' (-ae, 0) and SP + PS’ = 2a. If P is the point 1 5 2aebsind 3 2aebsin ebsino (a cos 6, b sin 6), then the in-radius r (of APSS') = ier 4(2a+ 220) tee ol> Since r is the perpendicular distance of the in-centre from SS’ i.e. the x-axis, the y ebsing Tre ellipse at P. Substituting for y in xa sec 0 - by cosec 0 = a — b?, we get coordinate of the in-centre is y = Also the in-centre lies on the normal to the Tregucoim Copniion: Pv Ud. 87. Kal Sora Sorvoptva Viner, New Delt 110017, Emall enqutyemeyacoimcognMons.com ‘weballe www megacosmeogntions. comye TE TEATTN x= ae 605 6 Hence cos 9 = © and sin @ = (cen so that locus of the in-centre is, e el fe ep = 1 which is an ellipse whose eccentricity es is given by +e is minimum. Problem 6: Find a point on the curve x? + 2y? = 6, whose distance from the line x + “ Ce A Solution: The given equation can be written as = 1, which represents an ellipse. 6°3 ‘Any point on this ellipse is P (V6 cos 0, V3 sin 6). The shortest distance between the ellipse and the given line is along the common normal to both. Slope of the normal at P is 6 seco 3.cosecd = V2 tan0 = 1 = slope of normal to the line x + y = 7. 1 0 that P is (2, 1) iB Problem 7: If the variable line y = kx + 2h is tangent to an ellipse 2x? + 3y? = 6, then the locus of P (h, oe k) is a conic (whose eccentricity is e), then find e. Ld Solution: By using condition of tangency 4h? = 3k? +2 -_* setzt+ 4.7 esas & a Problem 1: Tangents are drawn from the points on the line x - y - 5 = 0 to x244y2= 4. Then all the Y, chords of contact pass through a fixed point, whose coordinates are m5. -5) (5 -3) o(% 2) or Solution: Any point on the line x ~ y ~ 5 = O will be of the form (t, t- 5). Chord of contact of this point w.r.t. the curve x? + 4y? = 4 is & + 4(t-5)y-4=0 or (-20y—4) + (x + 4y) = 0 a fevocenn Consions Pa ie Wrtan Saat ereene Tew Den 11001 eral rguiyanegocomecn hae websie: wiem.megacosmeogntons.comMA-EL23 Which Is a family of straight lines; each member of this family passes through point of intersection Of straight lines -20y — 4 = Oandx + 4y=0. Hence (A) is the correct answer, 2: The distance of the center ofthe elipse x?+ 2y2— 2 = 0 from those tangents ofthe ellipse Aa which are equally inclined to both the axes is 32 3 (A) a e+ 2 o> (0) & 2 Solution: Equation of the ellipse is > y=mxt 2m? +1. Since this is equally inclined to the axes, +1. Thus tangents are yrtxtv2+1=4x4 3, “7 = 1. General tangent to the ellipse of slope m is Distance of any tangent from origin is then equal wo 3 Hence (0) is the correct answer, ine XY? ‘ itre then Problem 3: \f PQ be a chord of the ellipse <> +-5 =1, which subtends right angle at the centre a b a its distance from the centre is equal to ab Ia (a) ea (B) Va? +b? (©) vab (0) depends on the slope of the chord Solution: Let x cos a + y sin a = p be the chord PQ, then p is the ae desired distance. Homogenizing the equation of the ellipse with the help of this equation, we get the combined equation of OP and 0Q, 2 (ee “y 2 2 inacosa -(3-23}-(2 or 8)y7 -Busgenee 0 a P fa? +b? Hence (A) is the correct answer. Problem 4: The point of contact of the line 3x + 2y = 8 with 3x? + 4y? = 16 is (A) (3,4) (8) (2,1) A (016.4) 20) ‘Megacerm Cogntions Pt. id, 8 ‘Sevoptve Vir, New De ‘ambien magocoxmecogniions. com uiyemegecosmcegatonscomTLE Solution: Problem 5: Problem 7: Solution: Putting 3x + 2y = we get (x - 2) SKE2y=1. Hence (B) is the correct answer. inthe equation 3x? + 4y?= 16, Aline segment of length a + b moves in such a way that its ends are always on two fixed Perpendicular straight lines. The locus of the point on this line which divides it into Portions of lengths a and b is (A)a parabola (®)acirde (C) an ellipse (0) none of these Bx ((a+bjcos0, 0), A=(0, (a+ b)sind) = Plh, Ke ates Plesno 00, resslene 28) cost); k= bsind 2 =1 80 that locus of (h, k) is = which is an ellipse. Hence (C) is the correct answer The number of real tangents that can be drawn to the ellipses 3x? + 5y? = 32 and 25x? + 9y? = 450, passing through (3, 5), is (ayo (8)2 (3 (04 Since 3.3°+5-5°-32>0, the point (3, 5) lies outside the first ellipse. Also 25.3° +9.5? — 450 =0, the point (3, 5) lies on the second ellipse. Hence the number of tangents that can be drawn =2+1=3 Hence (C) is the correct answer. With a given point and line as focus and directrix, a series of ellipses are described. The locus of the extremities of their minor axes is (A) an ellipse (8) a hyperbola (C)a pair of straight ines (0)a parabola Let S be given focus and ZM be the M given directrix, B a Pp then $2 = 0Z CS = 2-ae- =k, e 20 where K is a constant. Now take SC as ic x x-axis and LSL' as y-axis and (h, k) be the coordinates of B, then x = k= Kh hae locus of B is y? = Kx, which is a parabola. Hence (D) is the correct answer. oly Sarl Sarvopiya Viner, New Deh 10017, Emel enqulyenenecomenemtnen website nwmegacoimcognionscom =Solution: Problem 9: Solution: If the tangent at the point {4cose, Fens) to the ellipse 16x? + 11y? = 256 is also tangent tothe circle x? + y? — 2x = 15, then the values of 6 are (a) 5 rz ez (C) + z= (+5 ola Equation of the tangent at {seose Fen) to the given ellipse is 64.cos ox + 16.11 Sin ¢y = 256 or 4 cos gx + 11 sin gy = 16. Since it touches the given circle (x - 4)? + y2= 16, Lamtcoee-16__| IV16cos* +1 tin? 4 COs? $B cos § + 16 = 16 cos? 6+ 11 sin? @ i.e. 4 cos? 6+ 8 cos §-5=0 = (2.c0s $~ 1) (2 cos 9+ 5)=0 = 608 §= 1/2. Hence (C) is the correct answer. 2 A tangent to the ellipse 7 7 = 1 !Smet by the tangents at the end of the major axis at the points P and Q. If the circle on PQ as diameter passes through R, then R may be (A) (0, V8) (8) (V5, 0) (C) (3, 2) (0) (0, 0) A tangent to elipse is *cosq + Seino = Itintersect x= 3 andx=~3.at P(a, 2('=c086) and of 3, 20 a8) sing sing The circle with PQ and diameter is ca 9)0x-29{y-20c280) Vy 214 2280)) 9 eevee te ieee) = ay s-(A)y 0 Itis a family of circles passing through intersection of the circle x? + y*— § = 0 and the line y = 0, which is (2/5, 0) Hence (B) is the correct answer. Note: Such circle always passes through the foci of the ellipse. SS Taaporoim Copniion Pd, B7 Kol S00) Savopiva VPor, New Def 110017, mol: enqury@meyacermcognMons com ‘websie www megacormcogniins. comom ot Protfem 10: The elipse *- + a = =1 meets the straight line oF line z i =1 onthe y-axis, Its eccentricity is 32 23a wa (3) = . (© ie (D) none of these Solution: The line =1 cuts the y-axis at : 1 cuts the x-axis at (7, 0) and the line - (0,-5). Since the ellipse passes through these points, a? = 49, and b? = 25 = 25 = 49 (1 - e) 226 Hence (D) is the correct answer. ~_Wegacnin Cogn Ft 9 TaN foal ope ier ee TOT ee ‘ebitwaw mapecenmceptionscamt neMeneasesamcepntons.comCT | TT Exercise - 1 1 Foci: (0, v5 ); vertices (0, + 3), (£2, 0); major axls = 6, minor axis = 4, @ = & 2 x? + y? - 6x - 2y - Qxy + 2=0 3 neta 5. 1 7 7 OA Pun eae 10. 8B Exercise - 2 1 pP= a? costa + b? sinta, a ae2 4 at é foe 8 B aoe 1. ¢ Exercise ~ 3 256 Py + DK = 2 me 1. 2a'y + bx=0 x 5 a 6. tan20(a? +b? x? — v2)? = 4 (a’y? + bx? ab?) 5 7. 8 9 c 10. B Tmogaconm Cognilons fv Ua, 87 Kau feel Sovoprve Ver New Dohi-1I0017 6 om weballe. wwe megoceimcognien ‘snauryamegacoimcognlions com2 nee Ellipse: ~~ + 10. 1 12. 13. 14, 16. 16. 17, ormulae and Conce 2 y a O b) such thatthe line segment Find the range of eccentricity of the ellipse joining the foci does not subtend a right angle at any point on the ellipse. 7 If a tangle is inscribed in an ellipse and two of its sides are parallel to the given straight lines, then prove that the third side touches the fixed ellipse. ve os 2 2 A tangent is draw tothe ellipse + i271 © cul the elpse ate 1 at the points P and Q. a é 2p If the tangents at P and Q to the ellipse ant intersect at right angle, then prove that é (*) VY a {fa tangent of slope ‘m’ at a point of the ellipse ae 1 passes through (2a, 0) and if ‘e" a denotes the eccentricity ofthe ellipse then (A) m?+e?= 4 (©) 2m? +e =1 (C) 3m? +e? = (D) none of these A ray passing through (& 0) strikes the surface of the curve 2x? + 3y” = 5 and gets reflected then reflected ray will pass through ms ol) (C)(5, 6) {D) none of these 2 A parabola is drawn whose focus is one of the foci of the ellipse 7 Where a > b) and a whose directrix passes through the other focus and perpendicular to the major axes of the ellipse. Then the eccentricity of the ellipse for which the length of latus-rectum of the ellipse and the parabola are same is (A) v2-1 (8) V3-1 1 1 pa (D) OF OBA ‘Megacosm Cogntion Pt Ud, 57, Kaly Sol Sovopiva Vier New Deh -T1O07.Emall enquiyemencomeronmon ten ‘websie wire megocormcogniions com3 2 ‘tangent to the ellipse 4x2+9y?=36 is cut . and T’. The circle on TT" as diameter ese aie extremities of the major axis at T 9 (0-48) ®) (v5.0) (0.0) (0) (3,2) Ute chords of contact of tangents from two points (xs, ys) and (x2, ye) to the ellipse = : 4 4 a are at right angles then *2 is equal to Vive 4y 1y etter rae 2 (B)k € (0,4) cre ( #) OkeR Ca Of the circle passing through the intersection of ellipse ~— (A) x@+y?=a2 : a (8) x yee b? ab? ‘epresents an ellipse then k takes value (C) x +y? = 2, 2 __2a°b? () NYT ae (0) at ay = OS [omen hpi by the common tangents of two ellipses 4(x -4)%+ 25y2= 100 and 4(x + 1)2+ y2= 4 x As p) = 3 8) 5 X > (0) none of these ~ . ie If a tangent of slope 2 of the ellipse “> + = 1 isa normal to the circle x2+ y?+ 4x + 1=0, then # the maximum value of ab, is (a) 4 (8) 2 ) 4 (0) none of these 2 Area of quadrilateral formed by common tangents to ellipses E, = T= a yf ey Beets (A) 25 (®) 50 o% (c) 100 7 Tovoptye Vibe New ‘obi wwe megacoxmcogniions.com5 STEEN SECTION -1 PART-A it A(a, 0) in T + he tangent at any point P of a circle x? + y? = a? meets the tangent at a fixed point os T is joined to B, the other end of the diameter through A, prove that the locus of the intersection of AP and BT is an ellipse whose eccentricity is $ a 2 Ue A isosceles triangle with each base angle equal to 30° is inscribed in the ellipse — re a {he base of the triangle coincides with the major axis of the ellipse, then find its eccentricity 3,” Prove that the equation to the circle, having double contact with the ellipse 2rt fae? at the ) ends of a latus rectum, is x? + y? ~ 2ae*x = a? (1 ~ 6’ ue ‘Show that the feet of the perpendiculars from the foci of the ellipse +2 =1 on any of its a tangents lie on its auxiliary circle. 2 ind the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents to the ellipse % +} =1 (@ by ifthe a difference of the eccentric angles of their points of contact is 2a. 2 y' 3 = 1(a>b), ve ‘Show that the point of intersection of the tangents at two points on the ellipse whose eccentric angles differ by a right angle lies on the ellipse 2 © Show that the line Ix + my + n= O will cut the ellipse = a angles differ by /2, if a? + b’m? = 2n?, y Ww IF the normal at a point P on the ellipse z = 1 meets the x and the y-axes at points R and SS, then prove that PR : PS = b?: a. © Find the middle point of the chord intercepted on the line 2x - y + 3 = 0 by the ellipse J 2 ¥ ind the equations of the lines with equal intercepts on the axes & which touch the ellipsew THI : ae (i)// Find the equation of the ellipse having the latus recta ofthe ellipse X+ 4 =1 as tangents and ab the point (0, +b) as its foci , 2 9 (97 Find the area of the region bounded by the latus recta ofthe elipse 2+ Y= 1 and the tangents a e to the ellipse drawn at their ends. 40. } The tangents from (x:, y1) to the ellipse intersect at right angles. Show that the normals at the points of contact meet on the line ¥. = Ys Xs : ay @™ Find the maximum distance of any normal ofthe elipse X> + 2 =1 from its centre, (a> b). a (i) A normal is drawn to the ellipse 1. If maximum radius of the circle ai 7 (#42042) (a? +4} centred at the origin and touching the normal is 5, then find the possible values of ‘a’. 297 eve that the product of the perpendiculars from the foci upon any tangent to the ellipse 2 x a Xo % =1(a> bys? a bf (nthe line 3x ~ 4y = 12 is a tangent to the ellipse with foci (- 2, 3) and (- 1, 0). Find the eccentricity of the ellipse. The ends of the major axis of an ellipse are (~ 2, 4) and (2, 1). Ifthe point (1, 3) lies on the ellipse, then find its latus rectum and eccentricity, Gy i A parallelogram is inscribed in the ellipse =1 with the fixed line y = mx as one of its diagonals. Prove that the maximum area of the parallelogram is 2ab. the locus of the point the chord of contact of the tangent drawn from which to the ellipse 2 ¥ {271 touches the circle x* + y*= cf, where c b) (A) x2 + y?= a? + b? (8) +ye= at be (C)x2-y?= a? b? (D) x=? Jocown Cogriions Ui, 47, Kalu Sorat Sarvapiva Vier, New Deli -TIO17, fmol enquty@megaccmmcoprmoneom ce ‘websle: ww megacoumeognitons.comit lipse to the major and ae and Pa are the lengths of the perpendiculars from any points on an ellips i is respectively, then ‘minor axis and if a and b are lengths of ‘semi-major and semi-minor axis resp PP PP PR Pe (ay Pi Pe ey Pe. Woe Ort ae be a be (C) +2 0) 5+ 21 On te Ole ee 2 : tm ormal at P (2 8) Meets the major axis ofthe ellipse Be 1 at Q and S' and S Fe foci of the given ellipse then Sa : sq (P is nearer to S) is 4-v7 arr (a) S=N7 p) 8+ v7 Waa aa 447 eo: (c) S497 (0) 8-97 Oa Oa Consider the ellipse 4 (x + Y~ SP +9 ~y4 9 = 36. ‘Then which statement about the foci correct (A) both of them jie in third quadrant {®) both of them lie in second quadrant {5} one les in third quadrant and another in fst quadrant (©) One lies in second quadrant and another fice Quadrant (n,) "eccentric angle ofa point lying inthe frst quadra joining the centre to Is equal to 1 fa 1 |b (A) tar £ (8) tan £ x CF 2 nt on the elipse ~~ + ¥° 4 be 6 and the line a hat point makes angle 6 with the x-axis, then 6 ~ will be maximum when @ ‘An ellipse of major axis 20V3 and minor axis 20 slides along the coordinate axes and always remains confined in the 12° quadrant. The loc ‘us ofthe centre of the ellipse therefore describes the arc of a circle. The length of this arc is (A) 5x (B) 20% Sr 20n = p) “08 as Ms (MULTI CHOICE MULTI CORRECT) 2 2 Y ‘A tangent of slope 2 to the ellipse * 49 ~ 128 an intercept on the y-axis of length (A) -268 (8) Vas (C) 258 (D) -Vi93, Y The equation Saia5 +1=0 represents an ellipse if ac 3 3 3 nieaie ale wy 3) (3, 5]| oe P Gx, ¥1) Q (xa, ya), ¥s < 0, ye < 0 be the end points of the latus rectum of the ellipse x + 4y'= 4. The equation of the parabol Wet aiyese es arabola with latus rectum PQ are 2. 2iBy=3+ 3 (Chats aS yea (B)x- 28 y=3+4 V3 (0) x?- 2/3y=3- 3 4 the axes of an ellipse coincide with i int (4, -1 i touches the line x + ay. 19 = ten sae cee di eek ONUMERICAL BASED TYPE © ITA represents the area ofthe elipse 3x? + dxy + 3y2= 1, then the value of 34a, [a 7 © The maximum distance of the centre ofthe elipse % , ¥° a =1 from a normal to the ellipse is_ 2 ue Number of points on the ellipse es xy the elli =to= tothe se 6 tg tis 3p ~ 1 ftom which pair of perpendicular tangents are drawn 2 tt lisa paint onthe etipse = "3p 71» whose foci are s and s!. Then ps + ps’ is ‘NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE U- The angle subtended by common tangents of two ellipses 4 (x - 4 + 25y? = 100 and 4 (x+ 1)" + y?= 4 at the origin (in degrees), is 2 [2 There are exactly two points on the ellipse S 7 =1, whose distance from its centre is same a and equal to # +2b? . The eccentricity ofthe ellipse is LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE Read the following write up carefully and answer the following questions: 2 2 Consider the ellipse Es : ~ +1 =1, (a> b), An ellipse Ez passes through the extremities of the major £2 ais of Es and has its foci atthe ends of its minor axis. Consider the following property: ‘Sum of focal distances of any point on an ellipse is equal to its major axis. ot Equation of E2 is 2 2 x ey e) + woe ( iS ooo x cy aa) m+, : ee ap? Servaptva Vier New Oe 110017 tal [email protected] "webite: were megaceumecognlion com2. If eccentricity of both ellipses are same, then their eccentricity is (A) 2-3 (8) 2-1 vB-1 © — os va ‘The equation of the directrices of the ellipse Ez is me (ayes 2-8 (c) Read the following write up carefully and answer the following questions: lonsider the ellipse xe = 1 and the parabola y2 = 2x. They intersect at P and Q in the first and fourth quadrants respectively. Tangents to the ellipse at P and Q intersect the x-axis at R and tangents to the parabola at P and intersect the x-axis at S. 4 The ratio of the areas of the triangles POS and POR, is (ayt:3 (8)1:2 (©)2:3 (0)3:4 5. The area of quadrilateral PROS, is ais 15V3 B15, (p) 15v3 (A) 2 (B) 2 53 Svi5 (c) a (D) 2 MATCH LIST TYPE [This section contains 1 multiple choice question. This question has matching lists. The codes for the lists have choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE ts correct, Match the following 4 x 1 a If P is a point on the ellipse 16 *20 1 whose foci are S and 5 S', then PS + PS’ is Q. The eccentricity of the ellipse 2x? + 3y? — 4x — lay + 13=0is 2. 4V5 R-“Tangents are drawn from the poinis on the line xy == O fo 3 8 x? + 4y? = 4. Then all the chords of contact Pass through a fixed point, whose abscissa is € ‘The sum of the distances of any point on the ellipse 3x? + dy? = 12 from its directrix is 4 Codes : Bo oR Gs (a) 2 1 4 3 () 4 3 1 2 (Cos 4 2 Oo 2 4 4 G3 Megacosm Cognions Pi Ud. 67 Kalu Sorat ‘webs Rei ;110017, mot: enqutyemegacosmeagnon cer ‘worm megacosmcegniions comrr MATCH FOLLOWING TYPE question contains statements given in two columns which have to be matched. Statem ne olumn | have to be matched with statements (p,q, r,s, t)in column Hl rents (A, B,C, @ Match the following: If a curve is represented by C = 21x? —| Gxy + 29y? + 6x 58y—154— find the interval in which following elements lie: Y~151= 0, then Length of minor axis of elipse Length of major axis of ellipse. Radius of director circle of ell (0) Radius of director circle of auxiliary circle of elipse MATCHING TYPE iswer questions 1, 2 and 3 by appropriately matching the inf i eon table. ng the information given in the three columns of the ey (3 equation P elipse 7 + = tand a> b Column-| (1) P(p) be any and P be th point on auxiliary circle, then B is one end of minor axis and C is centre of elipse (i) P be any point on the ellipse |i) a > p + y FO i whose radii makes angle @ ee 'S odd | (Q) tan = tang with x-axis if © be eccentric b angle of P (i) if P be any point on ellipse | (ii) Area FACE” "i whose eccentric angle @ and © ee Coordinate of APSS’ is eccentricity e and S and $' be | 32b|sin@cos | caine there foci tre (W)in general four normals can be | (iv) length OP = drawn to an ellipse from any CT x coordinate of incentre of | (P} APES" ae cox (P) Ratio of area of ACBP and rig 2 CPP" is andl (S) conormal points lies on a ib fixed point and if a, B, 7, 8 are Fara though he ) = oe eccentric angle of ‘these four ja" sin" +b? cos! > (a? — bry + bkx - athy = 0 co- normal points then 1. Which of the following option is the only CORRECT combination? (A) (1) (i) (RY (B) (IV) i) (S) (C) ditt) iv) (P) (D) (IV) (i) (Q) 2. Which of the following option is the only CORRECT combination? (A) (Hl) iv) (Q) (B) (IV) Gil) (S) (C) Ally iv) (P) (0) (V) @i) Q) 3. Which of the following option is the only INCORRECT combination? (A) (ll) (iv) Q) (B) (IV) (il) (S) (©) Gi) (P) (0) atl) DER) Tegacorm Coprllons FU, 57, Ral Sora S Trai enguryemegacomcogasons com ‘rebate: wine megacosmeognons.comMATCH LIST TYPE - T= I. TOUR options are given representing matching of elements from LIST - | and LIST: Il ONLY ONE a these four options Corresponds to a correct matching. aa z 2 @urce Lat andes: Spy? a4 Ls 4 3 F. The number of rational points on the ellipse E1 is 4. 4 Q.___| The number of integral points on the ellipse Eis 2. R The number of rational points on the ellipse Eis 3. [4 [-“s."T the number of integral points on the elipse Eis 4 Tin 6 18 The correct option is AP +4,052;R 51,556 (8)P+4;043;R44;842 (C)P+4;Q54;R53:855 (0)P+3;Q44;R32:;854 ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE, nis Question contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT.2 (Reason). Option (A) if both the statements are TRUE and STATEMENT-2 is the correct explanation of STATEMENT-1 Option (B) if both the statements are TRUE but ‘STATEMENT-2 is NOT the correct explanation of STATEMENT- 4 Option (C) if STATEMENT-1 is TRUE and STATEMENT-2 is FALSE, Option (D) _if STATEMENT-1 is FALSE and STATEMENT-2 is TRUE, 1. STATEMENT I: The latus rectum of an ellipse is the shortest focal chord, and Megoc $0101 Sorvaprha Vi webste (0017, Ema ‘wir megacosmeognions comSECTION - II (MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT) Aivige is in the shape of a semi-clipse. itis 400 metres long and hi it ight of 10 ©, 7 metres atthe middle pont. The height ofthe bridge ata point sant £0 metes em one ad's (a) 4metres (8) 2 metres (©)8metres (0) vei metres 2 If the tangents are drawn to the ellipse x? +2 'y? =2, then the locus of the mid points of the intercept made by the tangents between the co a ordinate axes is 1 . ia wytietnt Bo Woe a? re ae A x Fat xy O>+5 Op ‘The number of values of c such that the straight line y= 4x + c touches the curve (Ayo (8)1 (D) infinite 4. ‘A tangent to the ellipse x? + 4y?= 4 meets the ellipse x? + 2y?= 6 at P and Q. The angle betweer the tangents at P and Q of the ellipse x? + 2y? = 6 is, a — : (A) 90° (8) 60° (Cc) 45° (D) 30° 2 2 be is perpendicular from the centre C of the elipse as g = 1 on the tangent at any point P and G is the point where the normal at P meets the minor. ‘axis, then (CF PG)? is equal to (a) 2400 (8) 2401 (©) 2402 (0) none of these ua ‘A tangent is drawn at the point (3V3 cos®, sin 0) for 0.< 6 < ni2 of an ellipse oy least value of the sum of the intercepts on the coordinate axis by this tangent is attained at 0 equal to x a we az on an = oF ay a any tangent tothe elipse 7 e =1 intercepts lengths h and k on the axes, then \ a Woke wore! ee et oon Copeion PH Da A Fan Ta favaprye Ve Rew en T1O17 tel egaryenepecouncepmon com Csr ae ‘website : www.megacosmcognitons.com8 rechurh 2/3, is 25x? + 45y?= 9 (8) 25x2 + 4y? 2 The equation of the ellipse in the form of % 4 =1, given the eccentricity to be 2/3 and latus 2 : a (C) 4x? + 25y?=9 (D) 45x? + 25y2= 1 ak = bs ¥). Fs (3, 0), Fe (-3, 0) and 16x? + 25y? = 400, then PF: + PF2 equals (ays (8) 10 Oe (C)6 (0) 12 A point on the ellipse x?+ 3y? = 37 where the ‘normal is parallel to the line 6x - Sy = 2 is (A) (5, -2) (B) (2,5) (C)(-5, 2) (0) (-5,-2) 2 2 The tangent at any point P on x io Meets the tangents at the ends of major axis A and A’ a at Q and R respectively, then AQ A’R is equal to (A) ab (B) a? (cb ()a(a+b) C a An ellipse having foci (3, 1) and (1, 1) passes through the point (1, 3) has the eccentricity (a) 2-1 @) 3-1 v2-1 3-1 (c) on (0) oe ~~ Mogacom Cogion Pa 3 Fou fact sonepia er hey SnTTS Enel: enquryomegoccrncopaioncon websie : warm megacosmeogntions.comcc NT 7.(i) 20 11.(i) ANSWERS TO CHAPTER PRACTICE PROBLEMS (a) 5x? +9y? +30x-18y-126=0, (by $98 (i612) e (8.4+v17) ° a 8 oA 9 8 0) S een 12, D 3 4A 1%. OB SECTION - 1 PART-A a eae a 50 St basecta 30 9 (22) : (23° 23, x eae 0 i) 13 PART-B (MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT) 2 3 c A B 4 8 a) 6 oD 7 ¢ & OB 2 B 10. B a) 120A 3. 4. 2B 1%. OD 16. B 7. 3A 18. (MULTI CHOICE MULTI CORRECT) 1 BD 2 ABD 3 BC 4 ge NUMERICAL BASED TYPE 1 38 2 4 3004 4c 'egocom Copniors hs 7 Kol Sa favepive Vi, New De GD”. Ena engayemegsceameosino com fe woe megocosmengnlons.cNUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE 1. 90.00 2 ar LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE = 2 oo 3 6 4 8B MATCH LIST TYPE 1. D MATCH FOLLOWING TYPE 1 Ay 8% (C)> (1,8) ) (6,1) MATCHING TYPE 1, B 2 A 3. c MATCH LIST TYPE 7: B ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE 1, A SECTION - 11 (MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT) 1. c 2 A 3. c 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. Cc 8. A 9. B 10. D 11, c 12. A Th TS lions PU 7 Ka Saal Savane Vier 1007. mal: enqutyemegacermcenromeane ee ‘webitle : www.megacosmcogntions com a -tangent to the parabola y° = 163x and the eps, 2 Statement - I: An equation of a comma 2x? +y?= dis y =2x+2V3 201) B Statement - ll: If the line y= 24 (neo) is a common tangent to the paraboig ae on 24 20 ipse 2x? + y°= 4, then m satisfies m* + 2° = 2 y? = 16,/3x and ellipse 2x’ + y= 4, (1) Sigeoment —1is True; Stotenent lls tru; Statement ~ It 8.0% 8 COWBCt meplanaion jy Statement - | ; (2) Statement ~ is True; Statement ~ lis False (3) Statement - is False; Statement — Il is 8 eee a is true: Statement - Il is True; Statement ~ II is @ correct explanation jg, Statement - | | Ellipse MCQ-Single Correct Ifthe curves y? = 6x, 9x? + by’ = 16 intersect each other al right angles, then the value of bis 9 1 = 2) 6 o> oi a) 4 (2018) Two sets A and B are as under A=((a,b) Rx R: [a -5] <1 and |b ~ 5|< 1); B={(a, b) e Rx R: 4(a - 6) + 9(b - 5)" s 36}. Then: (1) neither Ac B norBcA (2) BcA (4) AnB=6 (an empty set) 2018) @) AcB 1 The eccentricity of an ellipse whose centre is atthe origin is =. fone of its directrices is x= 3 then the equation of the normal to it at ( 3) is (1) 2y-x=2 (2) 4x-2) (3) 4x+2y=7 (4) x+2y=4 (2017) The area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the end points of the latera er my! recta to the ellipse — +7 = 0 ipse + 27 1) 18 2 — (1) (2) 2 (3) 27 (4) 2 (2015) The locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the centre of the ellipse xt 3y° = 6 on any tangent to it is 7 (1) (6 ~y'y? = 6x2 + 29° [2014] (3) (x? + y*)? = 6x?+ 2y?10. 11 12 13. 1, and having centre at The equation of the circle passing through the foci ofthe ellipse 5 ,3)is () xP +y? -by47=0 @ x+y'-6y-5=0 @) x+y" -by+5=0 (oe +y'-6y-720 [2013] ‘An ellipse is drawn by taking a diameter of the circle (x-1)' + y" /-minor axis and a = 1)? + y= 1,8 its semi-mino diameter of the circle x’ + (y ~ 2)°= 4 as its seminer Big Hine centre of the elipse is atthe ne tn " _— are the coordinate axes, then the cawation of the ellipse is - + 4y= 16 @) at+ye4 ia ol aere (2012) a The ellipse x’ +4y? = 4 is inscribed in a rectangle aligned with the coordinate axes, which in (umn in inscribed in another elipse that passes through the point (4,0). Then the equation of the ellipse is (1) x? +16y? =16 (2) x2 +42y? =16 @) 4x? +48y? = 48 (4) 4x2 +64y? = 48 [2009] A focus of an ellipse is atthe origin, The directx isthe line x = 4 and the eccentricity is 1/2. Then the length of the semi-major axis is m § @ 2 @ cat cos ec 8 +tan 2) Cy - (2008) In an ellipse, the distance between its foci is 6 and minor axis is 8. Then its eccentricity is o @} ot . oF (2006) ‘An ellipse has OB as semi minor axis, F and F’ its focii and the angle FBF" is a right angle. Then the eccentricity of the ellipse is a) @} (a) at [2005] 4 +! 1+ ro) The eccentricity of an ellipse, with its centre at the origin, is if one of the directrices is x = 4, then the equation of the ellipse is (1) 3x2 +4y?=1 (2) 3x2 +4y? =12 (3) 4x2 43y? =12 (4) 4x2 +3y? =1 [2004] 2 x 1 = 1 and the hyperbola ~— x The and the hyperbola 77-57 = 3g coincide. Then the value of a The fod ofthe elipse 7+ 5 bis wt Qs @7 @ 9 (2003)113 > Distance of center ofcirce from the ne i equal tits radius & Imx0-0+"") > | fem | 2 satisfies m‘~ 3m? +2=0 ne ofthe common tangents form = 1 is y =x+ J Thus, both statements are correct, but statement 2is not comect explanation of statement 1 4 y= 16x yemx+ 495 tangent to parabola ™m which is tangent to ellipse 2 38 cont +4 am'+2m?=24 0 omizg, m euipse yca-single Correct 1 retine point of intersection be (x, nding slope of both the cuves at pinto intersection for y’= 6x, 9x’ + by’ = 16 6 ){-18x, (z)lame OA 4 oy -8 (40)(6%) 2 2 3 A={(a,b):a¢ (4,6), be (4,6)} B={(ab):4(a-6)" +9(0-8)' <36} (2-6) (b-5)" > st =AcB ed Eccentricity, e = ; EE114 inor axis LLet 2a be the length of major axis and 2b be the fength of mi = ong q 1 Also, b= V3, as e=+ v3, ase 2 = Equation of etipse is ~~ = Equation of normal at (1,3] is 4x~ 2y=1 foci = ( #2, 0) 2x Sy tangent at P= 2, 5¥ 4 i 9°35 2x y= gta! 2x+3y=9 Area of quadrilateral = 4 x (area of triangle QCR) aha 27 \2 3 Let the foot of perpendicular be P(h, k) Equation of tangent with slope m passing P(h, k) is y=mx+ Vém? +2, where m= -" fon? he ek? = 6h’ 2 he +k’ Ke k 6h? + 2k? = (n+ Kk)? aoe So required locus is 6x? + 2y’ = 4 foci = (+e, 0) We have ae” = a ~ 2 Equation of circle (x - 0)’ + (y - 3)°= (v7-0) +(0-3)° = x+y? 6y-7=0. 2 Length of semi-minor axis is 2 Length of semi-major axis is 4 Then equation of ellipse is115 2? piety ode tp ats a2 ba 1S Pat) required Ellipse is < ¥ aX Ft (2, 1)lies on it y 44 3 4 vee 1 9 Major axis is along x-axis a ge=4 3 (,1 af2-)=4 10. “4 ZF BF’ = 90° 2 2 (see +0) +(Jate? +b’) = (2ae)’ Ff = 2{a’ e? +b’) = dae” ae sbla 12. 2 Equation of directrix is x= ale = 4 => a=2 bi=a’(t-e) = b= + Hence equation of ellipse is 3x” + 4y" = 12. ae PGCUIGSEE Nea)116 Gg sesh =b'=7, Hence, (3) is the correct answer. Hyperbola MCQ-Single Correct 1 2 Chord of contact is y =~ 12 4xesy' +365 Jee 8 x18 458 B Hence equation of tangent at P( V2, V3) is ae na =4 = VOx-y=8 32 2 2 Given, 2° = g and 2b = 1(22e) a 2 2b = ae 4b? = a? e? 3e=4>0e= b’ = a%(e*-1) = 14-1) =3 oe aay 2 XV 4 538 equation is ~-—%gusction yca-single 1 5. a 13. 17. 24 Assertion - Reason Type 1 Correct awe ene 3 4 MCQ-Single Correct 1 5. 9 13. 17. a 25. 23, 33 37 wee wenn ane 10. 14. 18. 22, 10. 14. 18. 22. 30. 38. ib 15. 19. "1 15. 19. 23. 27. 34 36. 39. fee Oe ee 12. 16. 20. 12. 16. 20. 24. 28, 32. Nee ae a hone enan a141 Years’ CHAPTERWISE TOPICWISE SOLVED PAPERS 2019-1979 IIT JEE (JEE Main & Advanced) Mathematics ‘Amit M Agarwal xxarihant Arihant Prakashan (Series), Meerutllipse pic! Equation of Ellipse and Focal Chord sective Questions I (Only one correct, option) , An ellipse, with foci at (0, 2) and (,~2) and minor axis of length 4, passes through which of the following a. oe (2019 Main, 12 April iI) ot 2) @and (@) v2) Inan ellipse, with centre at the origin, ifthe difference ofthe lengths of major axis and minor axis is 10 and one of the foci is at (0,5V/3), then the length of its latus rectum 18 (2019 Main, 8 April) @5 &) 10 @©8 @6 4, LetS and S' be the foci of an ellipse and Bbe any one of the extremities of its minor axis, If AS’ BS is a right angled triangle with right angle at B and area (sS'BS) =85q units, then the length of a latus rectum ofthe ellipse is (2019 Main, 12 an @ W2 b) 4/2 @2 @4 Let the length of the latus rectum of an ellipse with its najor axis along X-axis and centre at the origin, be 8. If the distance between the foci of this ellipse is equal to the length of its minor axis, then which one of the following points lies on it? (2019 Main, 11 Jantt) (a) (4/2, 248) (b) (V3, V2) (@ (2,22) (@) (4/3, 248) ‘The equation of the circle passing through the foci of the ellipse = + 2 =1 and having centre at (0, 3) is is (2013 Main) (b) 22+ y?- 6y+ 7=0 (a) 2+ y?-6y-7=0 (@ 84 y?- 6y+ 5-0 () 2+ y*-6y-5=0 2 i. The ellipse E z + a =1is inscribed in a rectangle R Whose sides are parallel to the coordinate axes Another ellipse B, passing through the point (0, 4) cireumseribes the rectangle R. The eccentricity of the ellipse Ey is (2012) a B 1 a o> 3 OF 7. If P=(x,9),F, =@,0),Fy=C3,0) and 16x’ + 25y* =400, then PF, + PF, equals (1998, 2M) @s ws @10 (@12 Objective Questions II (Only one or More than one) 8. Consider two straight lines, each of which is tangent to both the circle 2°+ y*= (1) and the parabola y*=4x Let these lines intersect at the point @ Consider the ellipse whose centre is at the origin 00,0) and whose jor axis is OQ. Ifthe length of the minor axis of 42, then which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE? (2018.Adv) (a) For the ellipse, the eccentricity is 1/2 and the length ofthe latus rectum is 1 (©) For the ellipse, the eccentricity is 1/2 and the length of the latus rectum is 1/2 (© The area ofthe region bounded by the ellipse between 1 it the lines x= F and r=1is = (n— ze 7° 2 (@) The area of the region bounded by the ellipse between 1 1 the lines x ale nd x=lis 75 (n- 2) Fill in the Blanks 9. Anellipse has OBas a semi-minor axis. Fand F''are its foci and the angle FBF' is a right angle. Then, the eccentricity of the ellipse is (1997, 2m) 40. An ellipse has eccentricity ; ‘and one focus at the point P53} Its one directrix is the common tangent, nearer to the point P, to the circle x” + y=1 and the hyperbola x” ~ y*=1, The equation of the ellipse, in the standard form is. (1996, 2m) 41. Let Pea variable point onthe ellipse + % =1 with o foci F, and F,, If A is the area of the A PF,F then the ‘maximum value of A is (1994, 2m)436 Ellipse Analytical & Descriptive Question 2 12. ‘at Phe pointon the alipee 5 + ¥=1,00, be the foci of the ellipse 5+ = 1. Suppose a parabola having vertex 213, 14, igin and focus at F, intersects the ellpee gy peint M ithe at quadvant and at punt Ne the fourth quadrant. 2016244 ‘The orthocentre of AF, MN is «(-3.0) © (34) ole) alba ants to the ellipse at Mand N meet at Ran, thenormal tothe parabal st M meets the Kaxcears then the ratio of area of AMQR to area of the quadrilateral MF,NF, is (3:4 (05:8 4:5 (2:3 Topic 2 Equation of Tangent and Normal Objective Questions I (Only one correct. option) 1. Ifthe normal to the ellipse 3x? + 4y2= 12 ata point Pon it is parallel to the line, 2x + y=4 and the tangent to the ellipse at P passes through (4) then PQ is equal to (2019 Main, 12 Apa) @ 8 o a 2. The tangent and normal tothe ellipse 3x? + 5)? = 92at the point P@,2) meets the X-axis at @ and R, respectively. ‘Then, the area (in sq units) of the APQR is (2019 Main, 10 Api it) 68 @5 2 3. Ifthe line x-2y=12 is tangent to the ellipse # 4 u 16 34 oF © OF at the point (s the ellipse is @) W3 (9 5 (@) 12 4. Ifthe tangent to the parabola y* = xat a point (2,8), >0) is also a tangent to the ellipse, 2*+2y*=1, then a is equal to (2019 Main, 9 Apiit (@) 241) 8-1 WE41 @) BB-1 5. Ifthe tangents on the ellipse 4x* + y=8 at the points (1, 2) and (a, 6) are perpendicular to each other, then ais (2019 Main, 10 Apri) equal to (2019 Main, 8 April!) @ 2 wt | @2 7 "7 a a 6. If tangents are drawn to the ellipse x?+2)?=2 at all points on the ellipse other than its four vertices, then the mid-points of the tangents intercepted between the coordinate axes lie on the curve (2019 Main, 11 Jan) 10. 11. Equation of a common tangent to the parabola y*~ 4y and the hyperbola xy =2 is (2019 Main 11 ant) (@) 24294 4=0 (@) x-2y44 (© 4e+2y41=0 @ x+y+1=0 ‘The eccentricity of an ellipse whose centre is at the origin is 1/2. Ifone of its directrices is x= 4, then the equation of the normal to it at (1 3 is (2017 Main) (a) 2y-2=2 (b) 4e- 2y= © ae+ 2y=7 @x+2y=4 ‘The area (in sq units) of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the end points of the latusrectum to the ellipse = 4 2 1 ellipse + =1is : (2015 Main) 2 21 ®t ww oF @2 ‘The locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the centre ofthe ellipse x" + 3y*=6on any tangent toitis (2014 Nain (2) Gy?) = Gx? + 29? () (a? — 93)? = 6x? — ay? G+ y= Gx? + ay? (2+ y= Gx? — 99? ‘The normal at a point P on the ellipse x2 +4y*=16 meets the X-axis at @. If Mis the mid-point ofthe line Segment PQ, then the locus of M intersects the latusrectum of the given ellipse at the points (2009) wb 2 WB, vi8 @ (222? % (38 4) © (45.22) @ (« 5,248)