Computer Science

CLASS-XII
Code No. 083
2023-24

1. Distribution of Marks:

Unit No. Unit Name Marks Periods

Theory Practical

I Computational Thinking and 40 70 50

Programming – 2

II Computer Networks 10 15 …

III Database Management 20 25 20

Total 70 110 70

Unit wise Syllabus

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming – 2
● Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI.
● Familiarization with the basics of Python programming: Introduction to Python, Features of
Python, executing a simple “hello world" program, execution modes : interactive and
script mode, Python character set, Python tokens( keyword, identifier, literal, operator,
punctuator), variables, concept of l-value and r-value, use of comments
● Knowledge of data types: Number(integer, floating point,complex), boolean,
sequence(string, list, tuple), None, Mapping(dictionary), mutable and immutable data types.
● Operators: arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, assignment operators,
augmented assignment operators, identity operators (is, is not), membership operators (in not
in)
● Expressions, statement, type conversion, and input/output: precedence of operators,
expression, evaluation of an expression, type-conversion (explicit and implicit conversion),
accepting data as input from the console and displaying output.
● Errors- syntax errors, logical errors, and run-time errors
● Flow of Control: introduction, use of indentation, sequential flow, conditional and iterative flow
● Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else, flowcharts, simple programs: e.g.: absolute value,
sort 3 numbers and divisibility of a number.
● Iterative Statement: for loop, range(), while loop, flowcharts, break and continue tatements,
nested loops, suggested programs: generating pattern, summation of series, inding the
factorial of a positive number, etc.
● Strings: introduction, string operations (concatenation, repetition, membership and slicing),
traversing a string using loops, built-in functions/methods–len(), capitalize(), title(), lower(),
upper(), count(), find(), index(), endswith(), startswith(), isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), islower(),
isupper(), isspace(),lstrip(), rstrip(), strip(), replace(), join(), partition(), split()
● Lists: introduction, indexing, list operations (concatenation, repetition, membership and slicing),
traversing a list using loops, built-in functions/methods–len(), list(), append(), extend(), insert(),
count(), index(), remove(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum(); nested lists,
suggested programs: finding the maximum, minimum, mean of n meric values stored in a list;
linear search on list of numbers and counting the frequency o elements in a list.
● Tuples: introduction, indexing, tuple operations (concatenation, repetition, membership nd
slicing); built-in functions/methods – len(), tuple(), count(), index(), sorted(), min(), ax(),
sum(); tuple assignment, nested tuple; suggested programs: finding the minimum, maximum,
mean of values stored in a tuple; linear search on a tuple of numbers, counting the frequency
of elements in a tuple.
● Dictionary: introduction, accessing items in a dictionary using keys, mutability of a ictionary
(adding a new term, modifying an existing item), traversing a dictionary, built-in functions/
methods – len(), dict(), keys(), values(), items(), get(), update(), del(), del, clear(), fromkeys(), copy(),
pop(), popitem(), setdefault(), max(), min(), sorted(); Suggested programs: count the number of times
a character appears in a given string using a dictionary, create a dictionary with names of employees,
their salary and access them.
● Introduction to Python modules: Importing module using ‘import <module>’ and using from
statement, importing math module (pi, e, sqrt(), ceil(), floor(), pow(), fabs(), sin(), cos(), tan());
random module (random(), randint(), randrange()), statistics module (mean(), median(), mode()).
 ● Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user
defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default
parameters, positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of
a variable (global scope, local scope)
● Exception Handling: Introduction, handling exceptions using try-except-finally blocks
● Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative
and absolute paths
● Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text
file, opening a file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write()
and writelines(), reading from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek
and tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file
● Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb,
wb+, ab, ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method,
read, write/create, search, append and update operations in a binary file
● CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using
writer(),writerow(),writerows() and read from a csv file using reader()
● Data Structure: Stack, operations on stack (push & pop), implementation of stack
using list.

Unit II: Computer Networks

● Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking
(ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)
● Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data
communication (sender,receiver, message, communication media, protocols),
measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP
address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching)
● Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable,
Fiber-optic cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)
● Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router,
Gateway, WIFI card)
● Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN),
networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)
● Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
● Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML),
Extensible Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser,
web servers, web hosting
Unit III: Database Management
● Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need
● Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys
(candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
● Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data
Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not
null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show databases, drop
database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an
attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select, operators
(mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in,
between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete
command, aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause,
joins: cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join.
 ● Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python,
performing insert, update, delete queries using cursor, display data by using
connect(), cursor(), execute(), commit(), fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount,
creating database connectivity applications, use of %s format specifier or
format() to perform queries

Suggested Practical List:

Python Programming

● Read a text file line by line and display each word separated by a #.
● Read a text file and display the number of vowels/consonants/uppercase/lowercase characters
in the file.
● Remove all the lines that contain the character 'a' in a file and write it to another file.
● Create a binary file with name and roll number. Search for a given roll number and display the
name, if not found display appropriate message.
● Create a binary file with roll number, name and marks. Input a roll number and update the
marks.
● Write a random number generator that generates random numbers between 1 and 6 (simulates a
dice).
● Write a Python program to implement a stack using list.
● Create a CSV file by entering user-id and password, read and search the password for given
userid.

Database Management

● Create a student table and insert data. Implement the following SQL commands on the
student table:
o ALTER table to add new attributes / modify data type / drop attribute
o UPDATE table to modify data
o ORDER By to display data in ascending / descending order
o DELETE to remove tuple(s)
o GROUP BY and find the min, max, sum, count and average
● Similar exercise may be framed for other cases.
● Integrate SQL with Python by importing suitable module.