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Support Lecture - Quadric Surfaces

The document categorizes and describes six types of quadric surfaces: ellipsoids, hyperboloids of one sheet, hyperboloids of two sheets, elliptic cones, elliptic paraboloids, and hyperbolic paraboloids. These surfaces are defined by quadratic equations and can be transformed between a standard form. Each type is then defined by its quadratic equation and described in terms of its geometric properties such as symmetry, intersections with axes, and cross-sectional shapes.

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NIHAD Memmedov
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41 views10 pages

Support Lecture - Quadric Surfaces

The document categorizes and describes six types of quadric surfaces: ellipsoids, hyperboloids of one sheet, hyperboloids of two sheets, elliptic cones, elliptic paraboloids, and hyperbolic paraboloids. These surfaces are defined by quadratic equations and can be transformed between a standard form. Each type is then defined by its quadratic equation and described in terms of its geometric properties such as symmetry, intersections with axes, and cross-sectional shapes.

Uploaded by

NIHAD Memmedov
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Brief Catalogue of the

Quadric Surfaces
Javanshir Azizov
A Brief Catalogue of the Quadric
Surfaces
Definition:
The surface in three-dimensional space defined by equation of the second degree,
(∗) ,
Is called the quadric surface.

Equation (∗) contains terms in , , . These terms can be eliminated by a suitable change of
coordinates. Thus, for our purposes, the quadric surfaces are given by equations of the form

with , , not all zero. (If , , are all zero, we don’t have an equation of the second degree.)

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 1


They fall into six distinct types:

1. The ellipsoid.
2. The hyperboloid of one sheet.
3. The hyperboloid of two sheets.
4. The elliptic cone.
5. The elliptic paraboloid.
6. The hyperbolic paraboloid.

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 2


The Ellipsoid

x2 y 2 z 2
2
 2  2 1
a b c

The ellipsoid is centered at the origin and is symmetric about the three
coordinate planes. It intersects the coordinate axes at six points: , , .

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 3


The Hyperboloid of One Sheet
x2 y 2 z 2
2
 2  2 1
a b c

The surface is unbounded. It is centered at the origin and is


symmetric about the three coordinate planes. The surface
intersects the coordinate axes at four points: , . The trace in the -
plane (set ) is the ellipse

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 4


The Hyperboloid of two sheets
x2 y 2 z 2
2
 2  2  1
a b c

The surface is unbounded. It intersects the coordinate axes only at the two
vertices . The surface consists of two parts: one for which , another for
which .

We can see this by rewriting the equation as


x2 y 2 z 2
  1
a 2 b2 c2
The equation requires
z2
 1  0, z 2  c2 , z c
c2
Each of the two parts is unbounded.

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 5


The Elliptic Cone
x2 y 2
  z 2

a2 b2

The surface intersects the coordinate axes only at the origin.


The surface is unbounded. Once again there is symmetry
about the three coordinate planes. The trace in the plane is a
pair of intersecting lines: The trace in the -plane is also a pair
of intersecting lines: . Sections parallel to the xy-plane are
ellipses. If a = b, these sections are circles and we have a
surface of revolution, what is commonly called a double
circular cone or simply a cone.

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 5


The Elliptic Paraboloid
x2 y2
2
 2 z
a b

The surface is above the xy-plane; it is unbounded above.


The origin is called the vertex. Cross sections parallel to the
xy-plane are ellipses; cross sections parallel to the other
coordinate planes are parabolas. Hence it is appeared the
term “elliptic paraboloid”. The surface is symmetric about
the xz-plane and about the -plane. It is also symmetric
about the -axis. If , then the surface is a paraboloid of
revolution.

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 6


The Hyperbolic Paraboloid
x2 y 2
 z
a 2 b2

Here there is symmetry about the -plane and -plane. Sections


parallel to the plane are hyperbolas; sections parallel to the
other coordinate planes are parabolas. Hence we call the term
“hyperbolic paraboloid”. The origin is a minimum point for the
trace in the -plane but a maximum point for the trace in the -
plane. The origin is called a saddle point of the surface.

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 7


END

A Brief catalogue of the quadric surfaces French-Azerbaijani university J.V.Azizov 8

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