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Members of the Internship ID

1/ Melat Girma………………………………………………1111/19
2/ Kiya Seyoum……………………………………………...1110/19

The Internship report is submitted to Computer Science

Department…..
9/24/2022

Submitted to Instructor:

Submission Date: 09/24/2022 G.C

 Internship Report

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this internship report is my original work and has been written based on
activities performed and knowledge obtained from the attachment on 10 th July through 24th
September 2022.
We also confirm that the report is only prepared for my academic requirement, therefore it shall
not be used for any other purpose other than this.

No part of this material has been published or submitted by any student for academic purposes in
the University of Admass or any other University or College.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First we would like to thank our GOD for his blessing and helping throughout our entire life,
secondly we would like thank our University who managed and helped as in getting this
internship program. Thirdly we would like to forward special Thank to Mr. Advisor who was our
supervisor at Admass University for his volunteer follow up and continuous guidance. Finally,
we are also great full for all who helped us directly and indirectly.
For two months from July 2022 till September 2022, we did an internship at Lion International
Bank (LIB) S.C, a financial company which covers large areas in the Ethiopia. LIB is core
financial institution which gives good service to a huge amount of customers. This internship
project is a part of our 4- year degree program which we conduct at Admass University.

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Executive Summary
This report is about to explain what we did and learned during our internship period with Lion
International Bank (LIB) S.C Information Technology (Network Infrastructure, Database
administration, App development and customization Support, Data Center, IT infrastructure and
Security) Team.
As the main purpose of internship is to learn by working in practical environment and to apply
the knowledge acquired during the studies in a real world scenario in order to tackle the
problems using the knowledge and skill learned during the academic process. We have discussed
about every major aspect of the IT Infrastructure of LIB, which we observed and perceived
during our internship program. This report is divided in to 5 sections. Section one will discuss
about the background of Lion International Bank S.C. In section two will get the overall
internship experience of network medium overview, network devices overview and LIB network
design overview, client and server machine configuration. Section three the overall benefits we
gained from LIB during the internship program. Section4 is about the project done. The last
section is conclusion and recommendations of the previous sections which over all about IT
Infrastructure of LIB. The most important in an internship program is that we should spend our
time in a true manner and with the spirit to learn practical orientation of theoretical study
framework. This report is about our internship that we have undergone at Lion International
Bank S.C IT Infrastructure from July 10/2014 - September 16/2015 E.C. During our internship
we are able to learn practical aspect of IT at financial institution and get good working
experience.

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List of figures
Figure 1 Organizational Structure...................................................................................................3

Figure 2Windows OS installation..................................................................................................10

Figure 3 Windows server Installation............................................................................................15

Figure 4 General Datacenter structure...........................................................................................22

Figure 5 GSM network Infrastructure...........................................................................................24

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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.................................................................................................................ii
Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................iii
List of figures..................................................................................................................................iv
CHAPTER 1....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Company.....................................................................................................1
1.2 Organizational Structure........................................................................................................2
1.3 Objectives of the Project.......................................................................................................4
1.3.1 General objective................................................................................................................4
1.3.2 Specific objective................................................................................................................4
1.5 Statement of the problem..................................................................................................4
1.6 Limitation of the project...................................................................................................5
1.7 Significance of the project................................................................................................5
1.8 Source of information and Related literatures.......................................................................5
1.8.1 Primary Sources..................................................................................................................5
1.8.2 Secondary Sources..............................................................................................................6
1.8.3 Tertiary Sources..................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2:...................................................................................................................................7
The internship plan..........................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3....................................................................................................................................8
The Internship/training program......................................................................................................8
3. IT infrastructure....................................................................................................................8
3.1 Client and Server computer configuration [6].......................................................................9
3.1.1 client computer configuration.........................................................................................9
3.1.2 Window server configuration.......................................................................................13
3.2 Managing Computers on a Domain.....................................................................................20

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3.3 Local Area Network LAN...................................................................................................21

3.4 Wide Area Network WAN..................................................................................................21
3.5 Core network.......................................................................................................................23
3.5.1 The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)..............................................23
3.5.2 WCDMA Network........................................................................................................23
3.5.3 The GSM / WCDMA Network.....................................................................................23
3.6 Description of the Network Elements and managements....................................................24
3.6.1 Network elements.........................................................................................................24
3.6.2 Network management tasks..........................................................................................24
3.6.2 Base Station Subsystem (BSS).....................................................................................25
3.6.3 Base Transceiver Station (BTS)...................................................................................25
3.6.4 Radio Base Station (2G)...............................................................................................25
3.6.5 Radio Network Controller (3G):...................................................................................25
3.7 Network Switching Subsystem (NSS).................................................................................25
3.7.1 Types of Network Devices...........................................................................................26
CHAPTER 4:.................................................................................................................................27
Learning experiences.....................................................................................................................27
4.1 Knowledge acquired................................................................................................................27
4.1.1 User experience Design (UX).......................................................................................27
4.1.2 User Interface Design (UI)...........................................................................................27
4.1.3 Database Programing....................................................................................................27
4.1.4 Networks.......................................................................................................................28
4.1.6 Analytical knowledge...................................................................................................28
4.2 Skills learnt..........................................................................................................................29
4.2.1 Communication skills...................................................................................................29
4.2.2 Organizational skills.....................................................................................................29
4.2.3 Networking...................................................................................................................29
4.2.4 Problem solving............................................................................................................29
4.2.5 Maturity........................................................................................................................29
4.2.6 Organization Skill.........................................................................................................30
4.2.7 Team Work...................................................................................................................30

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4.3 What we gained in terms of improving our team playing skills.....................................30

4.4 What we gained in terms of improving our technical skill..................................................31
4.5 What we gained in terms of improving our technical skill..................................................31
4.6 What we gained in terms of understanding about work ethics issues industrial psychology
...................................................................................................................................................32
4.6.1 Work ethics...................................................................................................................32
4.6.2 Industrial psychology....................................................................................................32
4.7 What we gained in terms of entrepreneurship skill.........................................................32
4.8 What we gained in terms of improving our interpersonal communication skills................33
CHAPTER 5..................................................................................................................................34
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................................34
5.2 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................35
References......................................................................................................................................36

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
In this project, there will be an Internship report on what the overall of Lion International Bank
Share Company IT Network Infrastructure looks like and also the experience we have gained
through the internship.
IT Network Infrastructure can be a mix of hardware devices, software applications, and network
services, including: Hardware infrastructure typically includes routers, switches, hubs, repeaters,
gateways, bridges, and modems. Software infrastructure includes monitoring and management
tools and operating systems. The network equipment used by the company we were in is a switch
and a router.

1.1 Background of the Company

First the company we entered to gain experience is called Lion International Bank.

Lion International Bank S.C, is a commercial bank incorporated in the Federal Republic of
Ethiopia and licensed by the National Bank of Ethiopia (“LIB”). It was established on October 2,

2006 G.C in accordance with Proclamation No፡ 84/94 and Commercial Code of Ethiopia has
marked a shift in ownership as the company based its roots in a larger number of shareholders
than any other Bank has had during the time and has become a pioneer for the Banks that came
later. The then 3,739 shareholders have subscribed a capital of Birr 432.5 million and have had
an initial paid-up capital of Birr 108.2 million; Lion International Bank commenced operation on
6th January 2007 with three branches.

Currently, LIB has over 12,000 shareholders, and over Birr 2.5 billion paid-up capital. The
bank’s total asset has reached over Birr 32 billion, mobilized a total outstanding deposit of Birr
25 billion and granted a total outstanding loan of over 23 billion to customers. Having 278
branches across the country, the bank is able to attract and retain over 1.4 million customers.
Lion International Bank has also created job opportunities for 2,753 individuals at various
capacities.

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LIB is the frontier financial institution in the introduction and provision of late hour service until
7:00 PM and provision of agency banking digital service to the economy through Anbesa Hello
Cash platform. At present, the bank has over 3,400 Anbesa HelloCash agents and about 637,000
agent banking customers. It is also providing state of the art mobile, internet and card banking
services. Our Card banking, Mobile banking, and Internet banking users have reached to
204,000, 301,000 and 2,000 respectively. [1]

1.2 Organizational Structure

As a financial institution, Lion International Bank has its own large organizational structure and
it seems to follow this bellow. [2]

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Figure 1 Organizational Structure

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1.3 Objectives of the Project

As a general description, our project will be about Lion International Bank’s IT Network
Infrastructure.
IT Network Infrastructure management includes the management of IT policies and processes,
along with the equipment, data, human resources and external contacts (such as vendors or
security organizations) needed to ensure that IT operations run smoothly and efficiently.
1.3.1 General objective
The general objective of our project is describing the IT Network Infrastructure of Lion
International Bank Share Company and Providing better IT Network Infrastructure.

1.3.2 Specific objective

As we have mentioned in our general objective we have to try describe detailed service of IT
Network Infrastructure in Lion International Bank S.C.

There are broadly five key stages in the evolution of information technology infrastructure: - the
centralized mainframe, personal computing, the client/server era, enterprise computing, and
others.
 Better Customer Service. The infrastructure on which IT and business services are
constructed determines their quality.
 Cost and Time Savings.
 Increasing complexity and Demand for more availability and security.
 Keep Productivity Flowing.
 Leverage Transparency.
 Limit Disasters.
 Make Better IT Decisions.

1.5 Statement of the problem

Although the bank does not have any problems with its IT Network Infrastructure, it looks like
the following when we try to describe the problems What we can see is the as following.

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Expensive of high capacity device, centralizing traffic, Computer technology platforms, data
collection, compute supply and management, data storage configurations, data analytics, and
networks and interaction problem on service provider side which is Ethiopian telecommunication
are the most significant issues.
 Data Centers Expansion.
 Increasing complexity
 Demand for more availability and security.
 Lack Integration & vendor freedom.
 Emerging Trends. New and evolving technologies such as virtualized servers, cloud-
based systems, web-based interfaces, and mobile infrastructure are growing. ...
 Agility and Scalability.
 Capacity Planning.
 Environment and Energy Challenges.
 Legacy devices in rare place of branch’s.

1.6 Limitation of the project

A potential weakness of our project is that as we know LIB is financial institution, so may
not be able to apply the network infrastructure we provide.

1.7 Significance of the project

The purpose of our project is to provide an overview of IT Network Infrastructure, suggest
service gaps and solutions, and share our experience.
1.8 Source of information and Related literatures
Sources of information or evidence are often categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary
material. These classifications are based on the originality of the material and the proximity of
the source or origin and related material with this work. [3]
1.8.1 Primary Sources
Primary Sources of our material by requesting information directly from IT professionals, from
the organization official website, and directly what we see on the organization infrastructure.

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1.8.2 Secondary Sources

These sources offer an analysis or restatement of primary sources. We often try to describe or
explain primary sources. They tend to be works which summarize, interpret, reorganize.
As a sample as billow: -

1.8.3 Tertiary Sources

These are sources that are Some reference materials and textbooks are considered as our tertiary
sources when their chief purpose is to list, summarize or simply repackage ideas or other
information.

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CHAPTER 2:

The internship plan

This internship was performed in the Technology department of Lion International Bank S.C of
Ethiopia, at the headquarters office in Addis Ababa around Yeka sub city 22 in front of Getfam
International Hotel.

As the name technology implies, for an intern, the technology department is unique in the area of
technical or practical knowledge. This is so because the knowledge and skills acquired from the
university need to be put in a practical sense of the real world, otherwise these skills and
knowledge would be useless as a student wouldn’t know how to apply them in the work place.

The Technology department houses the various personnel whose jobs are related to the
company’s technological needs. From infrastructure support, with databases to data center and
network personnel, the Technology department has brought all these technical mindsets into a
single room.

The internship program within the Technology department started on the 10 th of July through 24th
of September 2022.
Within the Technology Department, there are several sections of which We was attached to.
These include the following, together with the duration taken during the training;
 Information Technology infrastructure support ITS (2 weeks)
 Information Systems (1 weeks)
a. Value Added Services (VAS) 3 days
b. Charging and Billing (3 days)
 Core Network (2 weeks)
a. Network design, VLAN (Virtual Local area network configuration)
b. Circuit Switched (Voice)
c. Packet Switched (Data)
 Data center infrastructure and database administration 2 weeks
It is also worth noting that the training wasn’t just restricted to the above schedule. All the
Personnel in the Technology department were friendly and eager to help the intern team in one
way or the other. This was evidenced by the training and knowledge sharing conducted by those
whose sections were not included in the above schedule. This hence provided the opportunity of
learning outside the boundaries defined by the above schedule. [4]

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CHAPTER 3

The Internship/training program

The training program is summarized as below;

3. IT infrastructure
IT Infrastructure refers to the combination of hardware, software, network resources and services
required for the existence, operation and management of an enterprise’s information Technology
environment.

In IT network infrastructure of Lion International Bank S.C, the IT Infrastructure section focuses
on aligning IT services with the needs of business (Mulubrhan Yihdego, Director of IT
infrastructure on LIB).

The section manages a number of servers and storage infrastructure which are accessed by users
over the network infrastructure. A Storage Area Network Switch (SAN switch) connects servers
and shared pools of storage devices that are organized inform of RAIDS, thereby helping in
moving the storage traffic. This infrastructure makes the whole idea become a unified system
like a box where all the above are done in the same.

With the above practice, it is worth mentioning that IT network infrastructure of Lion
International Bank S.C has a convergent system / convergent IT infrastructure. In simple terms,
convergence is the combination of two or more distinct entities, for this case storage and serves
into a single device.

The newer world of convergence is towards a hyper converged infrastructure where resources
are shared between the grid, the cloud and utility systems for higher efficiencies, quicker
deployments and lower costs to operate. Mr. Tadesse Mhari (Manager of ITs) reiterates IT
network infrastructure will employ a hyper converged system depending on the availability and
demands created. [5]

With convergence comes the need to maintain, upgrade and manage the IT infrastructure of an
organization as well as a help desk team that trains new users of the infrastructure and as well
trains users on new technology.

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The Technology section concerned with creating, setting up and continuous maintenance of the
Information Technology Infrastructure is the IT Infrastructure Team. This is a dedicated team
that ensures that all the IT network infrastructure employees have their technology gadgets just at
their table.

From setting up converged communication systems to managing the systems, the section does
more than this.

3.1 Client and Server computer configuration [6]

3.1.1 client computer configuration
A client configuration provides settings that define a client and how it should operate in the
network. Each configuration includes settings for: The Software AG Directory Server that should
be used by the client in its attempts to work with databases.
In a client/server configuration, by putting servers into logical member groups, you can control
which servers your clients use and target specific servers for specific data or tasks.
Steps to Install OS in client commuter:
a) Creating an Installation Disc or Drive
To create a bootable USB drive from a downloaded ISO file, we use a free software called
RUFUS and we need an empty USB flash drive with minimum size of 2 Go in order to
properly transfer your ISO image file on it. Or instead of USB flash and Rufus software we
can use CD drive and Ashampo burning studio software.
1. Download the latest RUFUS program file from here http://rufus.akeo.ie/
2. Also download your ISO file from our website http://www.unveiltech.com/download.php
3. Run RUFUS on your Windows PC You should get the following screen showing the main
menu. Choose in “device” your drive that contains your empty (formatted or not) USB flash
drive.

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Figure 2Windows OS installation

You can leave other settings by default or as shown above in the screenshot. Make sure that the
checkbox “create a bootable disk” is selected.

4. Select your ISO image file to be transferred on your USB flash drive, as
shown below in the red rectangle.

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Make sure to leave all other options as shown in the screenshot above.
5. Then that’s it, you can press the “Start” button to begin the transfer

Your ISO will be transferred to your USB drive

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6. At the end of the installation, your USB flash drive is ready to use.

7. You now just need to go to your hardware on which you want to boot
with this new USB flash drive and select the boot menu in your PC Bios
(Function Key; e.g. F1) in order for your PC/Server to boot from your
USB flash drive.

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3.1.2 Window server configuration

In this portion, we will discuss regarding the requirements and prerequisites of the Windows
Server 2012.
System Requirements
Although most of the servers nowadays probably have the necessary requirements for Windows
Server 2012. It will certainly be useful to know them in case you want to upgrade from an older
system.
The main requirements are:
CPU socket minimum 1.4 GHz (64-bit processor) or faster for single core and Microsoft
recommends is 3.1 GHz (64-bit processor) or faster multi-core.

RAM memory minimum is 2GB, but Microsoft recommends 8GB.

160 GB hard disk with a 60 GB system partition space in your hard disk.
One important thing to note here is that the installation process itself will verify your computer
hardware and let you know if it qualifies for a Windows Server 2012 installation. If not, then you
will need to upgrade your hardware.
Installation
The following steps are to be adhered for the installation of Windows Server 2012.
Step 1: We can download the evaluation ISO of Windows Server 2012 R2 from the following
link:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-server-2012-r2
But you will need to sign in first with a Microsoft account like Hotmail for example in order to
complete the download and the good thing is that the evaluation period will last for 180 days, so
you will have enough time to know if it will be the right product for you or not.

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Step 2: After downloading the ISO of Microsoft, create a boot USB driver which can
be created with the Microsoft tool called Windows USB/DVD Download Tool and can
be downloaded from the following link:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/windows-usb-dvd-download-tool
After downloading the EXE file, open it and select the ISO file location and then click
next like in the following screenshot, and wait up to the end when the Boot USB is
created.

Step 3: After completing the above given steps, plug-in the USB to the server and wait
for a while till it loads the files. This will continue for about a couple of minutes as
shown in the following screenshot.

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Step 4: After the files are loaded, you will see the screen of language settings of
installation, keyboard, time and currency format. Generally, all the default ones are also
good enough to start with. Click Next.

Figure 3 Windows server Installation

Step 5: Click “Install now”.

Step 6: Once you have clicked on Install Now, the setup will start and it will load all
the files and the screen will look as shown in the following screenshot.

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Step 7: Wait until the files are loaded and then you will see the following screen.
Let’s select Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Evaluation (Server with GUI) and click
Next.

Step 8: Click “I accept the license terms” and then click on the Next button as shown in
the following screenshot.

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Step 9: The following screen will appear. In “Driver Options” you can create a new
partition, delete or format the Hard disk. After you have done this process then you can
select the partition where the Windows server 2012 R2 will be installed in our case we
have one partition. Once all this is done, then click on Next.

Step 10: Let’s wait until this process finishes during this time and then the server will
reboot.

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Step 11: Once the reboot is done the following screen will appear. Set the password for
the server and then click on “Finish”.

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Step 12: It will take some minutes until the setup finishes completely.

Step 13: Once all this is done, you have completed the installation process and the
following screen will appear.
Congratulations!!!

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3.2 Managing Computers on a Domain

Windows domains provide network administrators with a way to manage a large number of PCs
and control them from one place. One or more servers — known as domain controllers — have
control over the domain and the computers on it.

When a computer is joined to a domain, it doesn’t use its own local user accounts. User accounts
and passwords are managed on the domain controller. When a user logs into a computer on IT
network infrastructure’s domain, the computer authenticates the user account name and password
with the domain controller. This means the user can log in with the same username and password
on any computer joined to the domain.

Network administrators can IT network infrastructure Group policy on the domain controller.
Each computer on the domain will get these settings from the domain controller and they’ll
override any local settings users specify on their PCs. All the settings are controlled from a
single place. This also “locks down” the computers. Users cannot change many system settings
on a computer joined to a domain.

Networking Computers

Multiple computers are connected together to form a network where they can share resources and
information.

Networking devices like cables, routers and switches and protocols found in the OSI model
make computer networking realizable. In the training, two of the most popular networks created
include;

3.3 Local Area Network LAN

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common
communications line within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial
establishment.

A local area network may serve as few as two or three users (for example, in a small-office
network) or several hundred users in a larger office like the IT network infrastructure Hai

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Cinema Office. LAN networking comprises of cables, switches, routers and other components
that let users connect to internal servers, websites and other LANs via wide area networks. [7]

Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two primary ways to enable LAN connections and both are used in
IT network infrastructure offices. Ethernet is a specification that enables computers to
communicate with each other. Wi-Fi uses radio waves to connect computers to the LAN.

3.4 Wide Area Network WAN

A WAN connects more than one LAN and is used for larger geographical areas.

A WAN works in a similar fashion to a LAN, just on a larger scale. Typically, TCP/IP is the
protocol used for a WAN in combination with devices such as routers, switches, firewalls and
modems.

Tasks Performed
 Designing (Sketch) and installing a LAN
 Managing A LAN; Password control of a wireless LAN
 Connecting two LANS using a router to form a WAN
 Cabling of Shielded Twisted Pair cables with RJ45s
 Installing operating systems
 Connecting computers to a domain
 Setting up and connecting Network printers
 Creating and Managing user accounts
 Updating and upgrading software and applications
 IT Help Desk

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Figure 4 General Datacenter structure

3.5 Core network

Introduction

IT network infrastructure is the electronic exchange of any type of data over a wide variety of
information transmitting technologies and systems.

The training focuses on systems within the organization that use the Network in one way or the
other

3.5.1 The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital
cellular communication. GSM is the name of the standardization group established in 1982 to
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create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a
Pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. For decades now, it has swept
and dominated Africa, including Lion International Bank S.C.

3.5.2 WCDMA Network

The needs of using internet on mobile phones was revolutionary, and therefore required a
technology that above the majorly voice based GSM generation (2G). This therefore let to the
introduction of a new technology that enabled mobile phone users to browse the internet. This
started with improving and upgrading of the 2G network into versions like 2.5 G through 3G.
These technologies handle both voice and data needs of the mobile phone, at faster rates.

3.5.3 The GSM / WCDMA Network

The GSM/ WCDMA network is divided into four main areas;
1. The Mobile Station (MS)
2. The Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
3. The Network and switching Subsystem (NSS)
4. The Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS)
The above different elements of the GSM/WCDMA network operate together and the user is not
aware of the different entities within the system.

Figure 5 GSM network Infrastructure

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3.6 Description of the Network Elements and managements

3.6.1 Network elements
Basic elements of a computer network include hardware, software, and protocols. The
interrelationship of these basic elements constitutes the infrastructure of the network. A network
infrastructure is the topology in which the nodes of a local area network (LAN) or a wide area
network (WAN) are connected to each other.
3.6.2 Network management tasks
According to the International Standards Organization (ISO), there are five types of network
management to look after the entire spectrum of network-related processes. These types are fault,
configuration, accounting, performance, and security management, commonly referred to as
FCAPS.
 Network configuration.
 Network monitoring and alerting.
 Troubleshooting and root cause analysis.
 Change control management.
 Firmware bug and vulnerability patching.
 Configuration backup and secure storage.
 Policy and compliance validation.
 Network diagrams.
3.6.2 Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) section of the GSM network architecture is fundamentally
associated with communicating with the mobiles on the network. It consists of two elements:

3.6.3 Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

The BTS used in a GSM network comprises the radio transmitter receivers, and their associated
antennas that transmit and receive to directly communicate with the mobiles. The BTS is the
defining element for each cell. The BTS communicates with the mobiles and the interface
between the two is known as the Um interface with its associated protocols.

Base Station Controller (BSC)

The BSC forms the next stage back into the GSM network. It controls a group of BTSs, and is
often co-located with one of the BTSs in its group. It manages the radio resources and controls

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items such as handover within the group of BTSs and allocates channels. It communicates with
the BTSs over what is termed as a base interface.

3.6.4 Radio Base Station (2G)

The RBS, used in a 3G network (WCDMA). It plays the same role as the BTS only that it
supports high speed of both voice and data.

3.6.5 Radio Network Controller (3G):

The Radio Network Controller (or RNC) is a governing element in the WCDMA
(UMTS) radio access network(UTRAN) and is responsible for controlling the Radio Base
Stations (RBS) that are connected to it.

3.7 Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)

The GSM system architecture contains a variety of different elements, and is often termed the
core network. It provides the main control and interfacing for the whole mobile network. The
major elements within the core network include:

 Home Location Register

 Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
 Authentication Centre (AuC):
 Gateway Mobile Switching Centre (GMSC
 SMS Gateway (SMS-G
3.7.1 Types of Network Devices
 Switches

 One-way (single-pole) electrical switch., Two-way (double-pole) electrical switch, do

not disturb switch, Light dimmer / steeples regulator, Bell push switch.
 Router
 Wired router, Wireless router, Core router and edge router.

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CHAPTER 4:

Learning experiences

4.1 Knowledge acquired

4.1.1 User experience Design (UX)
User experience design (UX, UXD) is the process of enhancing user satisfaction with a product
by improving the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided in the interaction with the
product.

With many of the user products like the mostly used interactive products, we have gained
sufficient knowledge in putting the usability, accessibility and satisfaction of the end user at the
core of any product design. This surely matches with my university knowledge.

4.1.2 User Interface Design (UI)

While User Experience is a conglomeration of tasks focused on optimization of a product for
effective and enjoyable use; User Interface Design is its compliment, the look and feel, the
presentation and interactivity of a product. At the University, I have been developing Graphical
user interfaces commonly known as GUI for different applications, both desktop and web based.

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While at the internship, I have improved the knowledge that I had prior to the training, by
involving in the study and discussions of the user interfaces of the systems used by the
employees of IT network infrastructure LIB S.C.

4.1.3 Database Programing

Programming is a handy skill. Having done some programming here and there at the university, I
was excited with the back end Database programming knowledge that I acquired in the
internship.

This covered the CRUD functions in a real work environment. i.e.

 Create: For creating Databases and Tables

 Retrieve: Retrieving information from the Database, often in information regarding
subscribers, product users and employees.
 Update: Updating employee information or subscriber information as in subscriber
registration information.
 Delete: Deleting information from a database/table. An example was with the USSD
Messages Database, which should be backed up and deleted if the space on the server
becomes filled up.

Furthermore, I now have an insight into USSD programming together with the USSD nodes.
This acquired knowledge can now help me in designing a user program like an educational based
mobile system for viewing national results using USSD codes.

4.1.4 Networks
At the university, I saw networks only in one dimension; computer networks. But today, I can
boldly explain networks in the Telecom Sector.

From making a call to getting a response from a server using a phone (mobile station), there are
several structures in the telecom architecture (GSM and WCDMA) that make these possible. In
fact, they occur in a few seconds to the extent that one will not think of the Technology behind
them. The technology behind them is comprised of different structures that broadcast signals to
users, collect user requests and processes the requests in a few seconds, with profound user
satisfaction.

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At the same time, I have gained knowledge on computer networks while at this internship. This
covered the setting up a Local Area Network. A simple architecture in a small technical room
involved running UTP cables to four computers. Everything started from a basic level;
terminating of the cables, testing the cables, setting up the room including the router and the
switch. Much as I learnt this at the University, I have practically learnt it in the internship
program.

4.1.6 Analytical knowledge

Within the internship schedule, Systems were part and parcel of the training. Therefore, I
accumulated more knowledge on my prior university knowledge of System Analysis and Design.
Often, these systems were from different vendors and as a result, learning was at a larger extent
due to the different unique solutions the systems provide. I was in position to understand the
activity diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams and use cases.

With this, I now have an upper hand in not only designing and developing my final graduation
project, but also in designing and developing systems for clients.

4.2 Skills learnt

4.2.1 Communication skills
My “People skills” has greatly improved thanks to this internship training. The modes of
communication in the training from verbal communications to mail communications have
strengthened my communications skills to a better level

4.2.2 Organizational skills

Organizational Behavior defines how employees and employers act in organizations. With many
organizations having policies that are to be followed, it is worth noting that before these policies,
comes personal attitude and behavior. This training has nurtured my understanding of
organizational behavior.

4.2.3 Networking
Technical skills are necessary but insufficient for succeeding in management. In today’s
increasingly competitive and demanding workplace, employees can’t succeed on their technical
skills alone. They also have to have good people skills.

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This is exactly the positive plus I have acquired out of the technical trainings. Via the
networking, I have learnt how to work with, understand and motivate other people, both
individually and in groups.

4.2.4 Problem solving

Conceptual skills are vital in solving problems. From day one of the training, to the last day,
several training sessions have involved problem solving that require the mental ability to analyze
and diagnose, for a solution.

4.2.5 Maturity
You might not realize it at the time, but as a student, you are still fairly immature. As wonderful
as higher education is, you are still somewhat restricted to the kind of people you associate with,
including their backgrounds and motivations; your exposure to the ‘real world’ may still be
minimal.

4.2.6 Organization Skill

University teaches organization skills to an extent, but it’s one thing to drop a grade because you
didn’t give yourself enough time to finish a paper and another when entire teams of people
across different departments are relying on you to submit a proposal on a deadline.
Even without resorting to such extreme examples, it’s a simple reality that the world of work is
far more rigid than university in terms of time management. From something as simple as
working out how to be on time every single day to learning how to deal with and priorities the
demands of different managers, right through to juggling multiple tasks and submitting
everything on time and to a high standard, work experience teaches it all.
4.2.7 Team Work
If you don’t play well with others, then you should probably consider starting your own one-
person business every single successful company in the world is built upon the core foundation
of teamwork. You need to learn how to work within a group and recognize that the strengths and
weaknesses of individuals are only effective when combined into something greater.

 Practical Skills
 Self-Confidence &Self Esteem
 Interpersonal Skills

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4.3 What we gained in terms of improving our team playing skills

Communication: - Communication skills help you share your ideas, information and thoughts
with your colleagues and other stakeholders effectively. Teams with exceptional communication
skills have a culture of trust and transparency.

Listening Skills: - Listening to each other allows team members to understand each other better
by promoting the sharing of thoughts, ideas and feelings.

Problem Solving: - Organizations establish teams to solve specific problems. Effective

teamwork requires team members to have problem-solving skills whereby they consider an issue
from many angles to identify unique and creative solutions to a problem.

Decision Making: - Decision-making can be a challenge when people disagree on the plan of
action. Team members must put their self-interest aside to decide what is best for the team to
achieve their goals.

Respect Each other: - You can respect your team members even when you dislike them or
disagree with their views. You can do this by listening to them and showing that you do not take
them for granted.

Tolerance: - To show tolerance, team members need to attempt to understand each other's
background, beliefs and experiences. Tolerance in teams allows team members to capitalize on
their differences in developing creative solutions to work challenges.

Honesty: - Team members can enhance transparency and trust within the team by being honest
with each other. For example, if a team member did not complete a task on time or to the
required standard, then that team member must be honest in communicating this to other team
members.

Collaboration: - team members need to share ideas and support each other to enhance
cooperation. Increased collaboration not only contributes to achieving the team's goals but also
increases employee satisfaction, encourages innovation and improves the team's efficiency.

Awareness: - To work effectively in a team, team members need to hone their awareness of the
team dynamic. For example, one team member may dominate meetings, preventing other team
members from contributing to discussions. In such a case, the team leader needs to ensure that all
team members can contribute.

4.4 What we gained in terms of improving our technical skill

 Programming languages.
 Common operating systems.

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 Software proficiency.
 Technical writing.
 Project management.
 Data analysis.

4.5 What we gained in terms of improving our technical skill

 Programming languages.
 Common operating systems.
 Software proficiency.
 Technical writing.
 Project management.
 Data analysis.

4.6 What we gained in terms of understanding about work ethics issues industrial
psychology
4.6.1 Work ethics

 Integrity. One of the most important workplace ethics is integrity. ...

 Honesty. Being an honest individual means you do not deceive others by giving out
misleading information
 Discipline
 Fair and respect
 Responsible and accountable.

4.6.2 Industrial psychology

Testing
Selection
Attitudes and Motivation

4.7 What we gained in terms of entrepreneurship skill

o Business management skills.

o Teamwork and leadership skills.
o Communication and listening.

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o Customer service skills.

o Financial skills.
o Analytical and problem-solving skills.
o Critical thinking skills.
o Strategic thinking and planning skills.

4.8 What we gained in terms of improving our interpersonal communication skills

 Verbal communication: - Verbal communication skills are important for the majority of
occupations because they help you interact effectively and build rapport.
 Active listening: - Active listening is listening beyond the words being spoken -
understanding the message being communicated.
 Body language: - When communicating with others your aim is to display open body
language, such as, a relaxed posture, maintaining eye contact, uncrossed arms, nodding
your head, smiling etc.
 Openness
 Negotiation skills: - Negotiation is important in a variety of situations, for example, you
may need it to resolve a conflict or create a contract. You must be able to come to mutual
agreements that keep everyone satisfied even if there is compromise.
 Decision making and problem-solving skills
 Conflict resolution: - Active listening and problem-solving are useful for this as you'll
need to hear from all sides objectively and you'll need to come to a positive resolution.

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CHAPTER 5
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS
Information Technology is a hands on course. It requires practical hands on experience for those
yet “raw” students without what employers refer to as “Work Experience”. For a course of this
kind, any institution offering it would love to see its students get accepted in a company that
reflects the use of modern technology.

The issue is not just getting an internship place. The biggest issue lies within the question “is the
company, organization or institution capable of giving the much needed technological, hands on
and employee experience to the intern?” Whether or not, this question is very valid in the field of
Information Technology.

To many students, it doesn’t matter. What many need is the approval of the final internship
report, and they think all is well with them. No! That isn’t the case with technology and those
who want to be successful tech gurus. The biggest puzzle remains “Which organization/
company/institution can give that quality hands on internship?”

In the context of LIB S.C, such organizations/companies/institutions are numbered! It is worth

noting that the country has few-to-point technology infrastructure where students can easily get
attached to so as they get the quality hands-on experience. The few that exist are not always
enough to accommodate the huge number of internship seekers. So, as a result, internship
requisitions should always be done earlier so as follow ups are made and one can just land to the

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organization that gives that handy experience. We are happy we were able to get one at IT
network infrastructure of LIB.

With the above said, organizations always have a corporate department. Therefore, as a
recommendation, organizations should embrace a culture of supporting the country’s institutions
via their Corporate Social Responsibility programs. For instance, it could be very thankful, if an
organization approaches the University of Admass and says, “Look, we have intern positions
with our technology department”. Much as organizations should do this, learning institutions also
need to keep in touch with relevant organizations and link them with their students so as
internship training becomes readily available for all students.

5.2 CONCLUSION
As if the time span for the internship should be extended to a further tow month, I must confess
that the time I have spent interning with IT network infrastructure of LIB resulted in one of the
best learning and working experiences in the field of Information Technology in my life. Not
only did I gain practical skills but also had the opportunity to meet many experienced and
fantastic people both in and out of the field of Information and Communications Technology.

Additionally, I felt like I was contributing to the company by assisting the non-technical staff in
their day to day work logs as well as doing the daily tasks of my trainers as part of the training.
The ready-to-help staff in the Technology department have always been by my side, letting me
have the opportunity to learn and interact at any time during the training.

While I was also able to learn a lot from normal office life, I enjoyed being in the Data center(s)
which are the control rooms of the Big Data and technology (“miracle”) behind the Banking
industry. Being in the data center ignites my inner desires to pursue technology to a higher level,
with the zeal and will to learn more since technology has become the backbone to everything. To
practically be in the data center and imagine how a basic call is made in a fewer seconds looks
like a miracle. Yes, a miracle because given the flow of data from the calling party to the called
party within seconds is what many people would rather call magic, hence miracle. The fact that
all these happens in a few seconds is triggered by the systems in use, bright as buttons!

Finally, the internship was fun and therefore I would encourage IT network infrastructure of
Lion International Bank S.C to continue giving students this opportunity, not only as a
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requirement from their college for the award of a degree, but also as part of a strong corporate
social responsibility plan towards strengthening and building the skills of young people in the
institutions and societies around the country, making sure they are presented with opportunities
that shape their future for whatever carrier they intend to fore take.

“Internship programs keep our dreams towards our beautiful and amazing carriers alive”.
Thanks for giving us this wonderful opportunity

References

[1] L. I. B. S.C, "https://anbesabank.com/," [Online].

[2] L. S.C, "https://anbesabank.com/organizational-structure/," [Online].

[3] "https://subjectguides.esc.edu/researchskillstutorial/primary," [Online].

[4] M. G. a. K. Seyum, "Intern ship program on IT network infrastructure of Lion International

Bank S.C".

[5] To Mr. Tadesse Mhari(Msc Manager of ITs General Information About IT network
Infrastructure. [Interview]. 5 september 2022.

[6] Microsoft, "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-essentials/install/install-and-

configure-windows-server-essentials," Microsoft. [Online].

[7] wikipedia, "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network," [Online].

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