CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Electric vehicles are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric power.
Electric cars are growing in popularity every day. It can be powered by a collector system
that uses electricity from outside the vehicle, or it can be self-powered by a battery
(sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a
generator).Electric vehicles have minimal operating expenses since they have fewer moving
parts to maintain, and they are also very eco-friendly because they consume little or no fossil
fuels (petrol or diesel). This vehicle is envisioned as a replacement for today’s automobiles. It
can be used to address concerns such as pollution, global warming, natural resource
depletion, and so on. The electric car concept offers a clear cut solution to the environmental
problems of gasoline-powered automobiles.
This study is conducted to determine how people feel about electric automobiles. The goal is
to reduce vehicular pollution by switching to electric vehicles. The increasing popularity and
use of electric vehicles is supported by a number of advantages, including:
(i)Savings:-Electric vehicles can be fuelled at extremely low prices, and many new cars will
provide excellent incentives for going green, such as money back from the government.
Electric vehicles might also help you save money in your daily life.
(ii) More Convenient:-Recharging an electric vehicle is simple, and the greatest part is that
you won’t have to stop at a gas station to do it before hitting the road! An electric vehicle
might be charged using a standard household outlet.
(iii)Safe to drive:-Electric vehicles are subjected to the same fitness and testing protocols as
gasoline-powered vehicles. Electric cars are safer to drive because they have a lower Centre
of gravity, making them more stable on the road.
(iv) No emission:-The most significant benefit of an electric vehicle is its environmental
credentials. Electric automobiles are completely environmentally beneficial because their
engines are powered by electricity. Because it runs on a clean energy source, it does not
produce any toxic gases or smoke into the environment. They are even better than hybrid-
cars, because hybrids that run on gas emit pollution. You’ll be helping to maintain a healthy
and environmentally friendly environment.

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(v) Low maintenance:-Electric automobiles use electrically driven engines, which eliminates
the need for lubrication, everything linked to the combustion engine, and a slew of other
maintenance responsibilities that come with a gas engine. As a result, the cost of maintaining
these vehicles has decreased. You won’t have to take it to the mechanic as frequently as you
would with a regular gasoline-powered vehicle.

IMPORTANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study focuses on customers’ attitudes toward electric vehicles as well as projected
demand in the future. As a result, statistical study of people’s desire for electric vehicles
would be possible. The research would also aid in deducing the experiences and perspectives
of various electric vehicle customers.

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

The topic of the project is ‘a study on the customer perception towards electric vehicles: with
special reference to people of Nagpur city. The study’s goal is to examine the current state of
electric bike potential, as well as customer attitudes and preferences regarding electric
vehicles, particularly among young people. The research would also aid in concentrating on
the numerous elements that may have influenced the use of electric vehicle.

SCOPE OF STUDY
In India, electric 3-wheelers have been relatively popular, but still very little distribution of
electrical power. Vehicles existed between two wheelers, four wheelers and an armada for
urban transport. Techno-funding anyway, tests show that electric bikes can be financially
feasible by 2020 and by 2030 electric four wheelers will be a prominent option for
innovation, if government offers incentive charging forces and underpinnings are available.
The strong atmospheric approach to propel the reason electrical machines. The administration
is excited about the advent of electric vehicles. Minister of defense power it has also set an
ambitious goal of being 100% electric by 2030. Alternative programs, in particular, the
Minister of Road Transport and Highways made a powerful proclamation to the society of
Indians Automobile Manufactures (SIAM) annual custom that has terrified the car industry.
Anyway, definition of strategies would require contributions to terms of dimension of help

3
required, suggestions for spending plans of government, approach instruments required and
utilizing the private part

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1. Study is limited to 50 respondents of which are youth. So findings and suggestions given
on the basis of the study cannot be extrapolated to the entire population.
2. The primary data collected may be biased.

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 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

5
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Potential Need for Electric Vehicles, Charging Station Infrastructure and its Challenges
for the Indian Market: by Praveen Kumar and Kalyan Dash, India should invest in small
scale reinforcements to manage the load issues locally rather than going for an enormous
change. Home charging should be encouraged. Proper planning of place, population, traffic
density and safety should be considered before implementing the massive scale charging
infrastructure. The integration of activities within the energy and transport fields is important.
Development goals through different innovative policies and programs, for instance, drivers
of electrical cars are offered a financial consumer incentive, like tax credits, purchase
subsidies, discounted tolls, free parking, and access to restricted highway lanes will help the
market to grow. (Dash P. K., 2013)
Conventional, Hybrid, or Electric Vehicles: Which Technology for an Urban
Distribution Centre?: by Philippe Lebeau, Cedric De Cauwer, Joeri Van Mierlo, Cathy
Macharis, Freight transport has a major impact on urban movement. Researcher explored the
possible integration of electric vehicles in urban logistics operations. A fleet with different
technologies has the opportunity of reducing the costs of the last mile. Researcher presented a
fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows for EVs. The main
contribution of the authors was considering the variability of the range of EVs. In the
segments of small vans, EVs are often the most competitive technology. In the segment of
large vans, diesel has seen the most interesting solution from a financial point of view as
electric vehicles would need to cover a longer distance to be cost-competitive. Hybrid
vehicles are chosen in the segment of trucks as its running costs and fixed costs are lower
than the diesel truck. (Philippe Lebeau, 2015)
Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: by Fanchao Liao, Eric Molin & Bert van
Wee, Widespread adoption of EVs may contribute to lessening of problems like
environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, this penetration of
EV is comparatively low in spite of governments implementing strong promotion policies.
They presented a comprehensive review of studies on consumer preferences for EV aiming to
convey policy-makers and give direction to further research. They compared the economic
and psychological approach towards consumer preference for Electric vehicle. The impact of
financial and technical attributes of EV on its utility is generally found to be significant,

6
including its purchase and operating cost, driving range, charging duration, vehicle
performance and brand diversity on the market. The density of charging stations also
positively affects the utility and promotion of EV. The impact of incentive policies, tax
reduction is quite effective. (Fanchao Liao, 2017)
International Council on Clean Transportation: Lingzhi Jin, Peter Slowik, The early
market growth for electric vehicles continues, but a number of barriers prevent their
widespread uptake. These barriers include the additional cost of the new technology, relative
inconvenience of technology considering range and charge times, and consumer
understanding about the availability and viability of the technology. This last point, typically
referred to as “consumer awareness,” is crucial. (Lingzhi Jin, 2017)
Study on Electric Vehicles in India Opportunities and Challenges: by Mohamed M, G
Tamil Arasan, and G Sivakumar, The replacement of ICE with electric engines will reduce
pollution to a great extent and be profitable to consumers. Many countries have implemented
this technology and are contributing to the improvement of the environment. The researcher
saw the opportunities and challenges faced in India over implementing EVs. Opportunities
like Government Initiatives, Batteries, Industries, and Environment have been considered.
With these challenges like cost of EVs, efficiency of EVs in India and demand for EVs were
taken into consideration. The implementation of EVs in India aims primarily to scale back
greenhouse emissions and cut oil expenses. The govt. should make the foremost out of the
opportunities available and find suitable ways to tackle the challenges. (Mohamed M, 2018)
Electric Vehicles in India: Market Analysis with Consumer Perspective, Policies and
Issues: Pritam K. Gujarathi, Varsha A. Shah, Makarand M. Lokhande, Indian Scenario
is different because the current market share of EV/PHEV is around 0.1%. Presently almost
all vehicles consider fossil fuel-based transportation. These pollute the atmosphere by the
emission of greenhouse gases & causes global warming. The gap between domestic
petroleum production and consumption is widening. India imports around 70% of oil required
per annum. Hence there's an urgent need to investigate factors and challenges for sustainable
and cleaner alternatives. (Pritam K. Gujarathi, 2018)
Perception and Awareness Level of Potential Customers towards Electric Cars:
Masurali.A, Surya P, India contributes around 18% in transport sector alone in terms of
carbon emission. The Electric Vehicle (EV) is one of the foremost feasible alternative
solutions to beat the crises. Several automotive companies are introducing EVs and are
expanding their portfolio. Promoting EVs can help reduce fuel dependence and pollution and

7
beneficial for both consumers and the nation. The education of people has significantly
higher influence over their awareness level on EVs. Apart from manufacturers, Government
should strive hard to spread awareness and influence positive perception among potential
customers. (Masurali.A, 2018)
A Study of Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles: Pretty
Bhalla, Inass Salamah Ali, Afroze Nazneen, Choice of cars depends upon environmental
concern, cost, comfort, trust, technology, social acceptance, infrastructure availability. These
arguments have been tested for both conventional cars and EVs. They assume that these
factors have direct influence on individual choice of vehicle. They found that EV
manufacturers and Government have to invest more in social acceptance of the vehicle by
creating more infrastructural facilities, putting more thrust on technology to create trust. The
analysis depicts that the population is well aware of the environmental benefits. The
responsibility lies on the shoulders of the Government and manufacturers to investing in the
manufacturing of vehicles. (Pretty Bhalla, 2018)
Electric Vehicles for India: Overview and Challenges: by Mr. A. Rakesh Kumar, Dr.
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Global pollution is on the rise and each effort made, is to cut
back the CO2 emissions and save the earth. One such effort is the introduction of EVs. The
transport sector is one in all the largest emitter of CO2 and hence it's important to reduce it.
The government has come up with ambitious plans of introducing EVs to the Indian market
and confine pace with the event of EVs globally. The National Electric Mobility Mission
Plan 2020 has included an in-depth report on the EVs. India encompasses a huge challenge in
shifting the transportation sector from ICE engines to EVs. This needs lots of planning along
with R&D. Charging infrastructure must be adequately build to deal with range anxiety. It’s
vital to form demand generation by making all government buses electric and offering tax
exemptions for personal EV owners. (Mr. A. Rakesh Kumar, 2019)
Opportunities and Scope for Electric Vehicles in India: by Janardan Prasad Kesari,
Yash Sharma, Chahat Goel, Developing an aggressive strategy for the adoption of EVs in
India and ensuring a well-executed implementation is a challenge but vital for government.
The geography and diversity of India will present problems that require thoughtful solutions.
Public procurement is expected to be an important driver of growth of EVs, with the purchase
of four-wheeled vehicles for government offices, three-wheeled vehicles and buses for public
transport. Investments by fleet operators such as Ola and Uber, and operators of food
distribution services, are also expected to boost the initial growth of two- and four-wheeled

8
electric vehicles. However, the private EVs may take 5-6 years to gain popularity and
acceptance. (Janardan Prasad Kesari, 2019).
The History of Alternative Fuels in Transportation: The Case of Electric and Hybrid
Cars: by Hoyer, 2008 Electric car technology has been around for over a century. Electric
driving, on the other hand, has been put on hold due to the availability and convenience of
use of combustion engines. Various (pushing and pulling) elements are currently rekindling
interest in electric automobiles. On the one hand, a limited supply of oil and growing
awareness of the environmental impact of traditional combustion engine vehicles push people
toward cleaner electric vehicles. In terms of pulling power, recent advancements in battery
technology and electric motors have made the electric vehicle a viable competitor to
traditional automobiles.(Hoyer,2008)
Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption: by Rezvani, Jansson, and Bodin, 2015
They provide an overview of EV adoption research, but they only focus on individual
specific psychological aspects that influence people’s desire to embrace electric vehicles, and
they only choose a few typical studies. Our review adds to it in two ways: first, we look at a
broader variety of factors that influence electric car adoption than just psychological
dimensions; and second, we compile all accessible academic Electric vehicle preference
studies to give a comprehensive picture of current research. (Bodin, 2015)

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 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

10
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are as follows.
1. To study the attitude of people towards electric vehicles in Nagpur city
2. To study the consumer perception about the electric bikes attributes and uses.
3. To understand the experience of using electric vehicles with reference to OLA
4. To determine the factors influencing the purchase and use of electric Vehicles.
5. To find out the overall forces and barriers that act as a hurdle in the path of the
consumer for adopting the EV

HYPOTHESES
Hypothesis 1
Null Hypothesis: There is not a significant difference between the age of people and choice
of electric vehicle.
Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the age of people and choice
of electric vehicle.
Hypothesis 2
Null Hypothesis: There is not a significant difference between the income level of people
and choice of electric vehicle.
Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the income level of people
and choice of electric vehicle.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The methodology followed for conducting the study includes the specification of
research design, sample design, questionnaire design, data collection and statistical tools used
for analyzing the collected data.

Research Design
The research design used for this study is of the descriptive type.

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REASEARCH SAMPLING
Population – people of Nagpur city.
Sampling Frame- Customers purchasing EV bikes and potential customers also.
Sampling Technique: Convenience method of sampling is used to select the respondents.
Sample Size –
An appropriate sample size is based on a number of accuracy factors that one must consider
together. Total sample size is 50.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Primary Data
Primary Data collect through questionnaires. Based on the topic objectives were set and to
arrive at the opinion on objectives a set of questionnaires design and response collect from
the 50 customers who are using EV bikes and its potential customers. For data collection
Random Convenient sampling method was adopted.

Secondary Data
Source for Secondary data are journals, related previous researches, reports, and data from
internet, etc.

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 CHAPTER 4
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

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 CHAPTER 4

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Understanding Electric vehicles

A vehicle that is powered by one or more electric motors or traction motors is known as an
electric vehicle (EV). An electric vehicle can be self-contained, with a battery, solar panels,
fuel cells, or an electric generator to convert gasoline to energy, or it can be fueled by
electricity from off-vehicle sources via a collector system. Road and rail vehicles, surface and
underwater watercraft, electric airplanes, and electric spacecraft are all examples of electric
vehicles.
Electric vehicles (EVs) originally appeared in the mid-19th century, when electricity was one
of the favoured means for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a degree of comfort and ease
of operation that gasoline cars could not match. For nearly a century, internal combustion
engines were the primary propulsion system for cars and trucks, while electric power
remained prevalent in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of all types.
History of Electric vehicles
1800’s
Inventors in a number of nations have begun testing battery-powered automobiles. In 1832,
Robert Anderson of the United Kingdom is credited with inventing the first electric vehicle.
Camille Jenatzy, a Belgian race car driver, breaks the 100 km/h barrier in 1899 in the La
Jamais Contente, an electric vehicle he designed. On September 13, 1899, in New York, an
electric cab was involved in the first reported US motor vehicle death.
1900’s-1960’s
EVs are targeted at women, with luxurious upholstery, flower bouquets, clocks, and even
beauty kits. They are said to be quieter, cleaner, and easier to run than gasoline-powered
vehicles. Henry Ford and Thomas Edison collaborate on a “affordable and practical” electric
car that can travel 100 miles. They do, however, abandon the endeavour in the end. Ferdinand
Porsche creates the P1, an electric automobile.
The demand for Ford’s mass-produced Model T and other gasoline-fueled automobiles is
reducing the popularity of electric vehicles. National Union Electric Corp converts 100
Renault Dauphine automobiles to operate on batteries in 1959. Henney Kilowatts is the name

14
given to the latest versions. In response to growing worries about air pollution, several
corporations begin developing prototype vehicles.
1970-1990’s
The globe sees NASA’s electric Lunar Roving Vehicle bounce around on the moon in 1971
and 1972, giving battery power a promotional boost. Late in the decade, rising gasoline prices
prompted automakers and the US Department of Energy to investigate alternate fuels, with
GM constructing a prototype urban electric car in 1973 and SebringVanguard releasing its
CitiCar. However, a restricted range and performance concerns prevent wider adoption.
Auto manufacturers are increasingly focusing on alternative-fuel vehicles as emission
regulations tighten. GM debuted the EV1 in 1997, producing over 1,000 of the sleek two
seaters and leasing them to customers as part of a market study. The first mass-produced
hybrids are also available for purchase. Toyota’s Prius and Honda’s Insight, as well as
Nissan’s Altra EV minivan, are all electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries.
2000’s-2010’s
The majority of the EV1s are destroyed by GM. Marc Tarpenning and Martin Eberhard
founded Tesla Motors in 2003. Elon Musk, a cofounder of PayPal, leads a $7.5 million initial
investment and is named chairman in 2004. Tesla produced roadster sports car (the first
production EV to use lithium-ion battery cells) in 2008.
Nissan’s Leaf has become the best-selling electric vehicle in the world. Tesla continues to
expand its product line. Musk reveals ambitions to develop an electric semi-truck to compete
with Daimler and BYD, a Chinese company financed by Warren Buffett. China is the world’s
largest EV market, because to its focus on reducing smog and oil imports, which has
prompted hundreds of local manufacturers and startups to compete for market share.
The future
According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, more than 230 battery-powered automobiles
will be available globally by 2021. SUVs and pickup trucks, such as Audi’s e-tron and
Jaguar’s I-Pace, will be among them. By 2024, electric vehicle sales in the United States will
surpass 1 million, up from 104,000 in 2017, and deliveries in China will surpass 3 million.
And to think that it all began with Robert Anderson’s electric carriage in 1832.

Electric vehicle development in India

The United Kingdom (UK) recently announced that new petrol and diesel cars will no longer
be sold after 2030. In addition, as part of its green strategy, the United Kingdom is working to

15
provide the necessary infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs). Such a significant step could
have ramifications for the global green movement. The Indian government is likewise
interested in replacing fossil-fuel-powered automobiles with electric vehicles. In 2017, the
government set a lofty goal of having all cars be electric by 2030. However, the government
was obliged to cut the aim due to opposition from the car industry and fears of job losses.
Will be difficult to overhaul the mobility sector unless the government supports upfront
investment in EV infrastructure rather than shifting the buck to the automotive industry and
customers.

Advantages of electric vehicle

• Electric vehicles save energy:- The amount of energy from a fuel source that is
transformed into actual energy for driving a vehicle’s wheels is referred to as energy
efficiency. Compared to traditional gas-powered vehicles, AEVs are significantly
more efficient: AEV batteries convert 59 to 62 percent of their energy into vehicle
movement, compared to 17 to 21 percent for gas-powered vehicles. This means that
charging an AEV’s battery contributes more to actual vehicle power than filling up at
a gas station.
• Electric cars reduce emissions :-Emission reduction, including reduced usage of fuel,
is another pro for all-electric vehicles. Because they rely on a rechargeable battery,
driving an electric car does not create any tailpipe emissions which are a major source
of pollution in the United States. In addition, the rechargeable battery means much
less money spent on fuel, which means all energy can be sourced domestically.
• Electric vehicles are high-performance and low-maintenance vehicles:- Allelectric
vehicles are high-performance vehicles with quiet, smooth motors that require less
maintenance than internal combustion engines. The driving experience can also be
enjoyable because AEV motors are responsive and have good torque. AEVs are
generally newer than their gasoline-powered counterparts, and they are frequently
more digitally connected with charging stations, allowing for charging control via an
app.

India’s necessity for EV’s

India is in need of a transportation revolution

16
 • The current trajectory of adding ever more cars running on expensive imported fuel
and cluttering up already overcrowded cities suffering from infrastructure bottlenecks
and intense air pollution is unfeasible.
• The transition to electric mobility is a promising global strategy for decarbonising the
transport sector.

India’s Support to EVs:

Need for Electric Vehicles: India is in need of a transportation revolution.
The current trajectory of loading already overcrowded cities with infrastructure constraints
and high levels of air pollution with ever more cars relying on expensive imported fuel is
unsustainable.
Electric mobility is a promising global method for reducing carbon emissions in the
transportation industry.
India’s Electric Vehicle Support: India is one of only a few countries to back the global
EV30@30 initiative, which aims for at least 30% new electric vehicle sales by 2030.
At the COP26 in Glasgow, India’s promotion of five factors for climate change —
“Panchamrit” — is a commitment to the same.
At the Glasgow summit, India proposed a number of initiatives, including using renewable
energy to meet 50% of India’s energy demands and cutting carbon emissions by 1 billion
tonnes by 2030 and achieving net zero by 2070.
The government of India has taken various measures to develop and promote the EV
ecosystem in the country such as:
The remodeled Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME II) scheme
Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC) for the
supplier side
The recently launched PLI scheme for Auto and Automotive Components for manufacturers
of electric vehicles.

Customer satisfaction
On this subject, numerous studies have been conducted. Customer satisfaction is defined as a
response to a specific issue that occurs at a certain time. Satisfaction can be achieved in a
variety of ways. Post-purchase satisfaction is most typically measured. It’s a general
assessment of the buy. It is described as an emotion experienced through the acquisition and

17
use of a product. In measure, there are primarily two notions. Specific or cumulative effects
are possible. According to a specific method, contentment is a measure of a user’s experience
when using a product or receiving services. When making a satisfaction judgement,
cumulative measurement refers to how an individual analyses his or her earlier experience
and purchases with the company. The majority of the authors consider contentment to be an
emotional reaction. The intensity of an emotional reaction is determined by the
circumstances. Satisfaction elicits a wide range of emotions, from strong ones like
enthusiasm to milder ones like indifference or relief. It is the buyer’s cognitive state that
determines satisfaction in the case of cognition. Satisfaction can be a combination of
cognitive and emotional factors. This response is frequently focused on one’s contentment,
and the object is usually compared to some standard to arrive at a satisfaction judgement.
There is no customer who knows if satisfaction is an outcome or a process. In the context of
the outcome, satisfaction is defined as a reaction to an event. Satisfaction is defined as an
evaluative process from the process standpoint.

Consumer Perception
According to the Business Dictionary, consumer perception or customer perception is a
“Marketing concept that encompasses a customer's impression, awareness, or consciousness
about a company or its offerings.”
Customer perception is a “Process during which an individual acquires knowledge about the
environment and interprets the information according to his/her needs, requirements and
attitudes.” – as defined by F.G. Crane and T.K. Klarke (1994), G.D. Harrell, G.L.
Frazier (1998).
Customer perception is a process where a customer collects information about a product and
interprets the information to make a meaningful image about a particular product. When a
customer sees advertisements, promotions, customer reviews, social media feedback, etc.
relating to a product, they develop an impression about the product. The entire process of
customer perception starts when a consumer sees or gets information about a particular
product. This process continues until the consumer starts to build an opinion about the
product. Everything that a company does will affect customer perception. The way the
products are positioned in a retail store, the colors and shapes in the logo, the advertisements,
the discounts, everything impacts the customer perception.

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Factors influencing customer perception
In general, customer perception can be influence by a lot of factors. Some of the major
factors are
• Consistency of performance – How has the brand performed in the past and how it is
performing currently.
• Emotional connect – Superb brands know that emotional connection with the
customer is critical to brand development.
• Marketing communications – How the brand communicates with the customers using
the various media vehicles.
• Holistic marketing – A brand cannot be excellent if it has good sales staff but pathetic
support staff. A brand has to be a good all rounder and satisfy customers from all its
touch points.
• Personal experience – Personal experience is one of the most important influencers
that can easily have a direct impact on customer perception. Our personal experiences
matter most. When a customer experiences a good service or purchases a great
product, the quality of goods and services matter.
• Advertising – Promotional campaigns are an integral part of any organization. It takes
important steps to create advertisements that can change the perception about a brand
easily.
• Influencers – We all are surrounded by several influencers that have a direct and
indirect impact on your mindset. It can change customer perception at the drop of a
hat.
• Social media platforms – This is the age of technology where most people are on one
or the other social media portal browsing to their heart’s content. When you read
reviews or comments about particular products services of a brand, your subconscious
mind automatically takes a decision.

Four distinct stages of consumer perception

Sensation
Sensation describes what happens when a person's senses are initially exposed to the external
stimulus of a product. Through sight, sound, smell, taste and texture the sensory receptors of
a consumer is engaged by product or brand cues. For example, Starbucks engages all the
senses in its sensory brand marketing. A customer who enters a Starbucks coffee shop may

19
hear the sounds and smell the aroma of the grinding of fresh coffee in the store with
background music and a unique store design round out the experience of the taste of hot or
cold coffee and food products that can be enjoyed in-store at quaint cafe tables.
Attention
To the external stimulus from a product or brand in consumer information processing,
attention occurs when a person lingers and gives mental processing capacity. Selective
perception is when a consumer pays attention to messages that are consistent with her
attitudes, beliefs and needs. The consumer will withdraw attention when a product is
inconsistent with these factors.
Interpretation
From a product or brand marketing interpretation occurs when a person assigns a meaning to
the sensory stimulus. Comprehension is aided by expectations and familiarity. To retrieve
previous experiences with the brand or a similar brand a consumer scans his memory. Stage
when product packaging design contains logos, colours and other elements that are similar to
national brands that consumers are generally more familiar with storebrand marketing
frequently capitalizes on the interpretation.
Retention
The conclusion of the consumer perception process is the retention stage and it marked by the
storage of product or brand information in short-term and long-term memory. The
information about the product or brand into long-term memory is the marketer's goal to
provide positive stimuli in the proceeding stages that translate into consumers storing.

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 CHAPTER 5
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

21
 CHAPTER 5

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The source of data collection from the questionnaire distributed to residents of the Nagpur
city of the Maharashtra State. Responses from 50 respondents were collected and analysis
done as follows.

GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

Gender No of respondents % of respondents

FEMALE 31 62%
MALE 19 38%
TOTAL 50 100%

38%

FEMALE
MALE

62%

INTERPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents
• 38% Of the respondents are male
• 62% Of the respondents are female

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AGE GROUP OF THE RESPONDENTS

Age groups No. of respondents % cof respondents

18-30 years 32 64%
30-50 years 8 16%
51 and above years 10 20%
Total 50 100%

20%

18-30 years
30-50 years
16% 51 and above years

64%

INTERPRETATION

• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.

• 64% respondents belong to 18-30 age category.
• 16% respondents belongs to 30-50 age category.
• 20% respondents belong to 51 & above age category.

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VEHICLE OF RESPONDENTS

Particulars No of Respondents % of respondents

Bike 8 16%
Scooter 17 34%
Car 11 22%
All of the above 14 28%
Total 50 100%

17

14

11

Bike Scooter Car All of the above

INTERPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 16% of respondents have bike.
• 34%of respondents have scooter.
• 22% of respondents have car.
• 28% of respondents have all of the above

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FUEL USED IN VEHICLES

Particular No of respondents % of respondents

Petrol 22 44
Diesel 18 36
Charging(ev’s) 10 20
Total 50 100

20%

44% Petrol
Diesel
Charging(ev’s)

36%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 88% of respondents use petrol vehicle.
• 12% of respondents use diesel vehicle.

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AWARNESS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Heard(YES) 49 98
Not Heard(NO) 1 2
TOTAL 50 100

2%

Heard(YES)
Not Heard(NO)

98%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 48% of responds have heard about electric vehicles.
• 2% of respondents have not heard about electric vehicle.

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SOURCE OF AWARNESS ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Friends/family 16 32%
Newspaper 4 8%
Advertisement 10 20%
Social media 18 36%
others 2 4%
Total 50 100%

4%

32%
Friends/family
36% Newspaper
Advertisement
Social media
others

8%

20%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 32% of respondents heard from friends and family.
• 8% of respondents heard from Newspaper.
• 20% of respondents heard from advertisement.
• 36% of respondents heard from social media.
• 4% of respondents heard from others.

PREFERENCE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES

27
 Particulars No of respondents % of respondents
bike 3 6%
scooter 16 32%
car 31 62%
Both cars and scooters 40 80%

40

31

16

bike scooter car Both cars and

scooters

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 62% of respondents prefer cars.
• 32% of respondents prefer scooter (two wheelers)
• 6% 0f respondents prefer bike (two wheelers)
Even 80% people wants to go for both two wheelers and cars

ATTITUDE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLE

28
 Particulars No of respondents % of respondents
Positive 33 66%
Negative 0 0%
Neutral 17 34%
Total 50 100%

34%

Positive
Negative
Neutral

66%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 66% of respondents have positive attitude.
• 0% of respondents have negative attitude.
• 34% of respondents have neutral attitude.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES

29
 Particulars No of respondents % of respondents
Strongly agree 20 40%
Agree 21 42%
Neutral 8 16%
Disagree 1 2%
Strongly disagree 0 0%
Total 50 100%

2%

16%

Strongly agree
40%
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree

42%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 40% of respondents strongly agree to this.
• 42% of respondents agree to this
• 16% of respondents are neutral.
• 2% of respondents disagree to this.

30
INITIAL COST IS HIGH

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 29 58%
Neutral 18 36%
Disagree 3 6%
Total 50 100%

6%

Agree
36% Neutral
Disagree
58%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 58% of respondents agree to this.
• 36% of respondents are neutral to this.
• 6% of respondents disagree to this.

NUMBER OF CHARGING STATIONS ARE LESS

31
 Particulars No of respondents % of respondents
Agree 43 86%
Neutral 6 12%
Disagree 1 1%
Total 50 100%

2%

12%

Agree
Neutral
Disagree

86%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 86% of respondents agree to this.
• 12% of respondents are neutral to this.
• 2% of respondents disagree to this.

COST OF BATTERY REPLACEMENT IS HIGH

32
 Particulars No of respondents % of respondents
Agree 33 66%
Neutral 16 32%
Disagree 1 2%
Total 50 100%

2%

32%
Agree
Neutral
Disagree

66%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 66% of respondents agree to this.
• 32% of respondents are neutral to this.
• 2% of respondents disagree to this.

PRICE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IS HIGH

33
 Particulars No of respondents % of respondents
Agree 26 52%
Neutral 20 40%
Disagree 4 8%
Total 50 100%

8%

Agree
Neutral
52%
40% Disagree

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 52% of respondents agree to it.
• 40% of respondents are neutral.
• 8% of respondents disagree to this.

34
EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES IS COMPARTIVELY LOW

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 37 74%
Neutral 12 24%
Disagree 1 2%
Total 50 100%

2%

24%

Agree
Neutral
Disagree

74%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 74% of respondents agree to it.
• 24% of respondents are neutral to it.
• 2% of respondents disagree to this.

35
PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE HIGH

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 11 22%
Neutral 32 64%
Disagree 7 14%
Total 50 100%

14%
22%

Agree
Neutral
Disagree

64%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 64% of respondents agree to this.
• 22% of respondents are neutral to it. •14% of respondents disagree to this.

36
ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE MORE ECO-FRIENDLY THAN PETROL AND
DIESEL VEHICLES

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 42 84%
Neutral 8 16%
Disagree 0 0%
Total 50 100%

16%

Agree
Neutral
Disagree

84%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 84% of respondents agree to this.
• 16% of respondents are neutral to this.
• 0% of respondents disagree to this.

37
ELECTRIC VEHICLES WILL GAIN MORE POPULRITY IN FUTURE

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

YES 44 88%
NO 1 2%
May be 5 10%
Total 50 100%

2% 10%

YES
NO
May be

88%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 88% of respondents agree to this.
• 10% of respondents are neutral to this •2% of respondents disagree to this.

38
ATTITUDE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS SHIFTING TO ELECTRIC
VEHICLES

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 9 18%
Neutral 29 58%
Disagree 12 24%
Total 50 100%

18%
24%

Agree
Neutral
Disagree

58%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 58% of respondents agree to this.
• 24% of respondents are neutral to this.
• 18% of respondents disagree to this.

39
PLANNING TO BUY ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN THE FUTURE

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 24 48%
Neutral 23 46%
Disagree 3 6%
Total 50 100%

6%

Agree
48% Neutral
Disagree
46%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 48% of respondents agree to this.
• 46% of respondents are neutral to this.
• 6% of respondents disagree to this.

40
ELECTRIC VEHICLES MORE CONVINIENT FOR SHORT TRIPS THAN LONG
TRIPS

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 40 80%
Neutral 8 16%
Disagree 2 4%

4%

16%

Agree
Neutral
Disagree

80%

INTREPRETATION
• The primary data is collected from 50 respondents.
• 80% of respondents agree to this statement.
• 16% % of respondents are having a neutral opinion.
• 4% of respondents disagree to this statement

41
 CHAPTER 6
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTIONS

CHAPTER 6

42
 FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

FINDINGS
1. Most of the respondents use petrol as fuel for their vehicles.
2. Social media had a significant role in spreading information about electric
automobiles.
3. Electric vehicles are seen positively by respondents.
4. Majority of respondents have heard about electric vehicles.
5. Major respondents prefer car as EV model if any electrical model is available.
6. The majority of respondents believe that the government should provide incentives to
encourage people to adopt electric vehicles.
7. Around 90% of respondents agree that EV’S can reduce pollution to a certain extent.
8. Majority are of the opinion that the initial cost for EV’S are bit high.
9. Respondents are satisfied with the environmental friendliness of electric vehicles.
10. The number of charging stations are less is a major problem for many respondents.
11. Majority have a neutral opinion about the high performance of EV’s.
12. The majority of respondents are willing to spread the word about electric vehicles to
others.
13. Most of the respondents agrees that price of electric vehicles are high.
14. Majority agree that emission of green house effect are low.
15. Most of the respondents have neutral opinion about performance of electric vehicles.
16. Majority agrees that electric vehicles will gain more popularity in future.

CONCLUSION

43
In India, there is a need for energy transition in automobiles due to the depletion of fossil
resources and the steady rise in fuel prices. The government has taken steps to reduce
pollution levels by promoting electric vehicles and providing purchasing subsidies. The
government has relaxed FDI rules in order to promote output. EVs are being introduced in
India by a number of new brands. Governments and manufacturers should work together to
construct the infrastructure and create a favorable climate for electric vehicles. The
respondents are aware of global climate conditions and are ready to change their cost is an
important factor while considering the purchase of EV.
If sufficient infrastructure is available, respondents are willing to accept EVs as a future
buying option. The initial cost of purchasing, the limited number of charging stations, and the
time it takes to recharge the battery are all factors that limit consumer confidence.

SUGGESTIONS

44
• By increasing the number of charging stations, more people will be interested in
purchasing electric vehicles.

• People should place a greater emphasis on electric vehicles in order to reduce

pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

• Companies should concentrate on informing the public about new car electric modes.

• Petrol prices are steadily rising. The problem of rising petrol prices can be addressed
with electric vehicles. The government’s promotion of electric vehicles will aid the
country’s future progress.

• Incentives and subsidies should be provided by the government for the purchase of
electric vehicles.

• Reduced tax rates can attract buyers to buy electric vehicles to a certain extent.

• By lowering the initial cost of electric vehicles, there will be a growing market in the
near future.

• Electric vehicle promotion also aids the government in saying goodbye to crude oil
and its high price.

45
BIBILIOGRAPHY
WEBSITES
1. Electric vehicle industry in India(Oct 2019). Retrieved from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle_industry_in_India
2. European Environment Information and Observation Network (Eionet). Retrieved
from:https://eea.europa.eu/highlights/eea-report-confirm-electriccars
3. The Evolution of the Automobile Industry in India, SYMBO. Retrieved
from:https://www.symboinsurance.com/blogs/car-insurance/evolution-automobileindustry-
india/
4. Transportpolicy.net. Retrieved from:
https://www.transportpolicy.net/standard/india-regulatory-background/
5. Etymology of Car. Wikipedia. Retrieved from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car#Etymology

NEWSPAPER
• The Hindu
• The Times New Roman
• The Economic Times
• The Indian Express

JOURNALS
• Janardan Prasad Kesari,Y.S.(2019). Opportunities and Scope for Electric Vehicles in India.
IJME Journal,8
• Philippe Lebeau ,C.D. (2015).Conventional, Hybrid, or Electric Vehicles; Which
Technology for an Urban distribution Centre? The Scientific World Journal,11.
• Pretty Bhalla,I.S.(2018).A Study of Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention of Electric
Vehicles, European Journal of Scientific Research,362- 368.

APPENDICES

46
QUESTIONNAIRE
Please write your age group___________________
1. Please select your Gender
a)Male
b)Female
2. Do you have any of the following vehicle
• Bike
• Scooter
• Car
• All of the above
3. Which fuel do you use in your vehicle
• Petrol
• Diesel
• Charging( ev’s)
4. Are you aware of electric vehicles
• Yes
• No
5. From where did you heard about electric vehicles
• Friends and family
• Newspaper
• Advertisement
• Social media
• Others
6. Which model will you prefer the most if electric model is available
• Bike
• Scooter
• Car
7. What sort of attitude do you have towards electric vehicles
• Positive
• Negative
• Neutral
8. Attitude towards Government incentives

47
• Strongly agree
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
• Strongly disagree
9. Initial cost is high
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
10. Number of charging stations are less
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
11. Cost of battery replacement is high
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
12. Price of electric vehicles is high
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
13. Emission of greenhouses gases is compartivelylow
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
14. Performance of electric vehicles are high
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
15. Electric vehicles are more eco-friendly than petrol and diesel
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree

48
17.Electric vehicles will gain more popularity in future
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
18. Attitude of respondents towards shifting to electric vehicles
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
19. Planning to buy electric vehicles in the future
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree
20. Electric vehicles are more convenient for long trips than short trips.
• Agree
• Neutral
• Disagree

49