O THE HONG KONG ~ POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Ee ARNLAR z © Y Professional Course in Public Health and Plumbing Engineering Module 1 — Session M101 Cold Water Supply System Design 7 a) MUA LW = BEE]A Oo J tJ Annem nk / 9 merry) ft EE ene common (Euan In 2010, fresh water consumption per capita Approx. total water at Macau is 125 cubic meter per year consumption per capita 2 (181.5m*year in HK in 2019) Is 542.8L per day ~ ae. vorglongbanch A Y[> CIPHE= =: Sates Biiip © So fal eS Fe He HE HSE 2S FE RR TS ARREBOS AK» BK FUP EAST BETS ER > CEDAR PITS FAZER Da GRR ° ASB Ao EK SS i i OF FRUSCESES RAL ES 2K TH eB KR PSE HR ES AR ESE AK ERAS SRK ° SRE AIK mR » PRIA FRR EARTH ° SEEN » S41 A 3 — AES RRE ¢ - BR: ZARA » GERI ° is é HA —AHI2- AK + STS UHRD.IDTE « > ee SAK REIL AES EOE « fe — Sa FAC Re @ ~ OOo CIPHE= ==. Y HARES OD Te « BMA ZK > HORE a sans FA ISee omplae oh i AYO WAALS © (#5 BH FE - $3.05)PG CIPHES=:.” o ae © 1. GENERAL Y © The whole system and installation shall be fully comply with: + Waterworks Ordinance (Cap.102) and Waterworks Regulations (Cap102A) Guide to Application for Water Supply + Technical Requirements for Plumbing Works in Buildings Water Supplies Department — Circular Letters + General Information on the Use of Different Types of Pipe Materials + Installation Notes ot Ditterent lypes ot Corrosion Resistant Pipe Materials + Guideline on Application for Approval of Water Supply Pipes and Fittings and a List of Approved Testing Agencies WSD Standard Drawings Also consider: + Best Practices + Future expansion + BS Standards + [oP Guidelines + Other relevant regulations and standards et CIPHE====:. CLASSIFICATION OF WATER SUPPLY G v SYSTEM IN HK + Potable water system + Non-potable water system + Flushing water system_< CIPHE#=:." oO glares wae © POTABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Y \ . Fresh water system that supply all sanitary fixtures for general ablution and drinking usages Includes: Hand Basins Bath Tubs Showers Kitchen Sink etc. © NON-POTABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Y U . Fresh water supplies for any equipment and fixtures for purposes other than general ablution and drinking usages + Includes: Clinical / surgical hand basins Laboratory sinks Bed pan washers Kitchen exhaust hood Cleansing tap etc.% CIPHE#=:-" “FLUSHING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Yu + Taken from: + Government fresh water main + Government seawater main Private seawater supply + Well water or spring water - Greywater recycle « Not permitted to cross-connect with any potable or non-potable water system % CIPHESS=." “2. WATER METERS AND STANDARDS OF Y © MATERIALS - WATER METERS + Master meter Domestic supply meter . miedo supply meters: Potable water meter position Schoo! supply Commercial supply Industrial supply Cleansing supply Irrigation supply Temporary mains water for flushing supply Building construction supply Air-conditioning supply meter position + Kitchen/ vent wash supply + Checking meter positions Fire services water supply position #©)Z ee 0 CIPHE= 2: 2. WATER METERS AND STANDARDS OF g SEMATERIALS = WATER METERS Installation of meter and checking meter position: + Upto and including 40mm diameter water meters - Loose jumper type stopcock shall be provided and placed with spindle in vertical position before the meter position on all connection. For connections later than 40mm diameter meter — A gate valve shalll be provided before meter position and a non-return or check valve fitted on the delivery side as close as possible on the meter. "+ For meter arranged in groups, no meter position should be lower than 300mm nor higher than 1500mm above the floor level. emeron) ee ee Clear effective length of 200 370 421310 distance piece (mm) AMA AMR: uy CIPHE==: Y ‘METER SIZE (mm) 1s_[_25_[ 0 RONAN 20031167 DIMENSION (mm) __ METERS e421 A ‘AMR ‘METER SIZE (mm) | S0[ 80 [100 | 150 [200 | 350 [ 300. DIMENSION (mm) | 310 | 413 | 483 | 500 | 520 | 450 | 00 A 200 | 370 | a2 seers Fema: (Former led 0 be stated before Septeber 2022 ()Formeterpamed bein on or er 1 September 2022 A Tee BEcTe aT 1 DeWOIE HELE CER FECTIVE LENGTH OF OSTANCE PECE—% CIPHE#=:. <2. WATER METERS AND STANDARDS OF Y . MATERIALS- STANDARD OF MATERIALS FOR WATER SUPPLIES . Refer to Waterworks Ordinances and Regulations . Technical Requirements for Plumbing Works in Buildings |. Guide to Application for Water Supply |. Standard Drawings . Manual of Mainlaying Practice . Refer to British and European Standards and Code of Practices Opens % CIPHESS=." < 2. WATER METERS AND STANDARDS OF Y v MATERIALS - STANDARD OF MATERIALS FOR WATER SUPPLIES BS EN 545, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for ‘water pipelines. Requirements and test methods BS EN 1057 Copper and copper alloys. Seamless, round copper tubes for water and gas in sanitary and heating applications (BS 3505 upvc BS EN 1074 Valves BS EN 12288 Copper alloy gate valve BS12121to4 Float operated valves BS 6920-1 Fibre Glass Tank BS EN 10088 SS ListZZ eee @ CIPHE===.. “2. WATER METERS AND STANDARDS OF Qe vu MATERIALS - STANDARD OF MATERIALS FOR WATER SUPPLIES Tee 1.1 Ate mtr ea aera Fresh Water Ine Saree [al We 1 eg Pip Pip fing materi ise ie iting materia Freak water | Saltwater cola Water | Horwater | th on ¥ v x Coes v x Duce ihinteral oting) v v v pee f #. Ppt PE) v al 7 x Stine et v x ajay oe (PEN) x = 7 Palin rie crane Y Pte al PVC lining) v x owed) YSHRi ars wc loa tale id wna v x % Notable fre agen v x v v x 1) [whe utes perdi, pon peal reanagegfisie % CIPHE====:.. < WATER SYSTEM DESIGN Y \ Eight important considerations: « Health & safety — no contamination of potable water + Quality - wholesome supply + Adequate pressure — satisfactory operation of system; constant and not excessive « Quantity / adequate flow — proper and adequate quantity at all times « Quiet operation — low noise level ong ite avoid failure; function safely S economical operating system withA Y © 3. UNIT DAILY DEMAND 136 litre/headiday 300 litre/head/day 370 litreiheadiday 460 litretheadiday SS | Government Housing Estates Residential Rt R2 RS Ra Modern Village Housing | School (fot including canteen) Office Services (Shops etc.) Restaurant/ Canteen Light Industries Hospital ZF YU © 3. UNIT DAILY DEMAND 460 lite/head/day 300 litre/headiday 23 ltrefheadiday 55 litrefhead/day 70 ltrefhead/day 0.5m2/m? kitchen areaiday 70 to 110 ltreyheadiday g 455 litre/headiday yy / = erie WL ae org long ah AS CIPHE: Y ~ Explanatory notes on type of development: R1 zone is the highest density residential planted area. Population densities may be around 1740 persons per hectare, with a maximum plot ratio of 8.0 R2 zone is a medium density residential planned use. Population densities may be around 1050 persons per hectare, with a maximum plot ratio of 5.0% CIPHE==:=:. < 3. UNIT DAILY DEMAND Y ~ Explanatory notes on type of development: + R3 zone is a medium to low residential planned use. Population densities may be around 470 persons per hectare, with a maximum plot ratio of 3.0 + R4 zone is a low residential planned use. Building height is restricted to no more than 2-storey with a maximum plot ratio of 3.0 « Modern Village Houses: These are limited to a site area of approximately 65 square meters to a height of 3-storey, and which are in NT Small Houses Category & or ey 2 JE mG CIPHESS=.” ~ 3. UNIT DAILY DEMAND Y ~ Peak flow factor for peak hourly flow to average flow for residential development ra ecg Up to 500 3.00 Up to 1000 275 Upto sooo 250 Up to 10000 2.40 Upto 50000 215 f Up to 100000 205 Up io 120000 200 Up to 500000 4.90 aPs CIPHE=3==: 4 enone boot ‘ease © 3. UNIT DAILY DEMAND Y \ Example 1: Aresidential development R1 Population = 2,500 Unit daily demand = 300 litres/head/day Daily demand = 2,500 x 300 = 750,000 litres/ day Average hourly flow = 750,000 / 24 = 31,250 litres Peak flow factor = ‘= 8.68 litres/sec. Ly iS Q Saratsorrtee mvcnwvorenim PL 12 renremnmmnican pee somtimes wyrs vu FLOW RATES CIPHE=: 4. COLD WATER LOADING UNITS AND Yy Loading units: According to loP Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide Table 15 Loading Units, Loading units for sanitary fittings area as follow: Wash basin domestic use Bi Wash basin concentrated use 4 Bath tap nominal size 22m " Shower 3 Sink tap nominal size 15mm 5 Washing machine 2 Urinal 1 YZ PHE==: Y < 4. COLD WATER LOADING UNITS AND Y vu FLOW RATES Irrigation tap (15mm) Cleansing tap (15mm) | Hospital scrub-up (2mm) Bed pan washer (20mm) Drinking fountain (15mm) Laboratory Tap (15mm)—% CIPHE=:-" ~ 4. COLD WATER LOADING UNITS AND Yy vu FLOW RATES Design flow rate For copper tube and stainless steel tube — refer to Graph 3 Pipe sizing chart in Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide 2002. Flor plastic tube — refer to Graph 4 pipe sizing chart in Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide 2002. Recommended equation to calculation the cold water design flow rate by: [ Loading units / 50 }°5° = Litres/ sec “SY Ou uy CIPHE=2=- ssese i)= CIPHES= 4. COLD WATER LOADING UNITS AND i) vu FLOW RATES Example 2: SRE Bath tubs 300 300 x 11 Wash basins 300 300 x 2 = 600 hen sinks 300 300 x 5 = 1,500 Washing machines 300 300 x 2 = 600 Total loading 6,000 = From Graph 3 Pipe sizing chart CIPHE Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide 2002 the design flow rateis _litres/ sec. (approx.) By Equation [ Loading units / 50 ]°*5 = litre/sec. [ 6000 / 50 ]°5°° = litre/sec.—% CIPHE=3==: Yv ong tong ch ‘ease < 4. COLD WATER LOADING UNITS AND Y vu FLOW RATES Example 3: Sewn cos Bath tubs 800 800 x 11 = 8,800 Wash basins 800 800 x 2 = 1,600 Showers 800 800 x 3 = 2,400 Total loadings = 12,800 ByEquation —_[ Loading units / 50 ]°°°° = litre/sec. [12800 / 50 1°58 = litre/sec. ZF ove o CIPHE====:.. © 5. DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM AND Y v INDIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM + Direct Supply System means a plumbing system which conveys water directly from government water mains to the point of usage without any transit water storage tanks. Such as domestic and non-domestic (Commercial and business). + Buildings with an overall height of less than or equal to 12m can be direct supply system. The minimum residual pressure for fresh water would be 15 to 20m head at the connection to main.uy CIPHE:2- ics RES See uy CIPHES=:- Y% CIPHES= 5. DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM AND Y . INDIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM + Indirect Supply System means a plumbing system which conveys water from Government Water Mains to the point of usage through a transit water storage tank. Buildings with an overall height of more than 12m shall be indirect supply system. For domestic and non-domestic subject to Town Main pressure and approval by wsp Industrial supply Hospital supply and clinic supply Restaurant and canteen/ vent wash supply Laboratory supply Cleaning supply Air-conditioning (chilled water re-circulation system) supply Irrigation supply Swimming pool/ water feature supply Others as required by WSD e & a Sy ae % CIPHESS=." Yaes C l HIE ea PHE2==.. eine nome rasan ot, & sf ) Cascade Sump and Pump cae Supply System 4) (y Ko )rm gee: aca net CIPHE:===: oretont — co ense pe Y pnatnaie Boosting Supply System _, & QlROOE CIPHE: ae tee ace vorglongbanch A rae Y ‘Variable Speed Pump Supply SystemWy CIPHES=- o fy ae a | | Lee | wo — a Lo a: Top Floor Boosting Supply System OY OOOR Cy CIPHES==: a Gravity Supply System a 2@ ) CTOWER 24 & 23 ZONING EXAMPLE WITH STATIC =SSURE POTABLE WATER ZONING — HIGHPOTABLE WATER ZONING — MIDDLE POTABLE WATER ZONING — LOWWATER SUPPLIES Mei ae) <4O STORES = peedel. SYSTEM + WATER SUPPLIED TO SUMP TANK, THEN PUMPED TO ROOF TANK | + SEPARATE DOWN PIPES prrrir [me ane ae -B00STER PAM WATER SUPPLIES Be = <50 STORES E INTERMEDIATE TRANSFER PUMP Ei * WATER FROM SUMP TANK oe a CG PUMPED TO TANSFER TANK AT el) me 1] REFUGE FLOOR er | =i {I __ + TRANSFER TANK SUPPLY WATER‘Top Floor Boosting System Gravity Supply System Note: Kitchen Exhaust System and other non-potable systems demand an indirect system due to possible ‘contamination of the mains supply Direct Supply System Sump & Pump System Prase 140 upc & y |i Aten Digest A at serine ea,ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE FOLLOWING PUMPING METHODS: + DIRECT SUPPLY * ADV. — NO STORAGE TANK NEEDED * DIS. — UNRELIABLE SUPPLY, CONTAMINATION OF WATER MAINS, PRESSURE FLUCTUATION * INDIRECT SUPPLY * ADV. — RESERVE CAPACITY, FEWER CONTROL, MIN. PRESSURE FLUCTUATION * DIS. — ADDITIONAL TANKS LOADING, MAINTENANCE OF TANK, REGULATE PRESSURE DIFF.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE FOLLOWING. PUMPING METHODS: ‘* BOOSTER SUPPLY SYSTEM * ADY. — ELIMINATE HIGH LEVEL STORAGE, CONTROL INSIDE PUMP ROOM * DIS. — VESSEL CORROSION/MAINTENANCE, HIGHER POWER/COST REQ., SENSOR CONTROL, PRESSURE VARIATION, SUPPLY RELY ON POWER ‘> VARIABLE SUPPLY SYSTEM * ADY. - ELIMINATE HIGH LEVEL STORAGE, CONTROL INSIDE PUMP ROOM, NO PRESSURE VARIATION * DIS. — SUPPLY RELY ON POWER, ACCURATE SENSOR CONTROL 55 % CIPHES==:~ , FLUSHING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Og \ The Flushing water supply system according to the local regulation cannot adopt the direct supply system. The indirect system must be used. Moreover, there is also a need for storage. Similar to indirect water supply systems, like sump and pump supply system, cascade sump and pump supply system, or pneumatic boosting supply system can be adopted. The material must be suitable for seawater use. The town main pressure is advised at 150 kPa. Direct supply to the roof tank only applicable to building equal or less than 12m. The roof tank will supply the lower floors by gravity supply system similar to cold water sub-system. ©uy ; CIPHES. Y . —— & a a enn % CIPHESS=." PIPE SIZING Y \ + loP method + Loading units to cater for peak simultaneous flow © 2controlling criteria for pipe sizing Friction loss (0.02 — 0.05 m/m) + Flow velocity (recommended) o Excessive flow velocity may generate noise, erosion of system components and water hammer o Low velocity affect the accuracy of flow measurement device and fail to prevent occurrence of air pocket > Y_ OOOZF. CIPHE|==~ oO glares wae © 7. PIPE SIZING Y ~ + loP method o Obtain design flow rates by using the loading units (Table 15) > Obtain pipe diameter based on velocity (Graph 3) o Obtain friction head per meter form Graph 3 » Obtain equivalent length of fittings from Table 19 Gross length = friction + equivalent length of fittings e Total friction head = gross length x friction head /m “SY Ou oy CIPHE==:- PIPE SIZING METHOD AND BRANCH OFF PIPES v (TABLE 14) Draw-off points Size(mm) Flow rate (itres/ sec.) Wash basin (15mm) 15 0.15 Sink (15mm) 15 0.20 ‘Sink (20mm) 20 03 Bath tap (cold and hot) 15 03 Bidet 15 0.08 ‘Shower head 150° 20, 0.10/0.20 Laundry sink 20 0.30 Hand spray 15 0.08 Clothes washing machine 15 0.20 Laboratory sink Single way 15 0.15 2or3 way 20 0.20 Cleansing tap 15 0.15 Irrigation tap 15 015 Hospital scrub-up tap 20 0.22 Drinking fountain tap 15 0.15 Rain shower 22 0.40 (ret)oa CIPHES=" PIPE SIZING METHOD AND BRANCH OFF PIPES ~~ Ss (USEFUL INFORMATION AND DESIGN DATA) + Copper tubes to BS EN 1057 ( BS 2871 Part 1 Table X ) Nominal External Internal Wall thickness Capacity Size diameter diameter (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (litres/sec. ) 15 15.00 13.60 0.70 0.145 22 22.02 20.22 0.90 0.321 28 28.02 26.22 0.90 0.540 35 35.03 32.63 12 0.836 42 42.03 39.63 12 1.233 54 42.03 51.63 1.2 2.093 67 66.67 64.27 1.2 3.244 761 76.22 73.22 15 4.210 108 108.12 4105.12 15 8.676 159.38 155.38 20 18.962 ai CIPHE= ==. © PIPE SIZING METHOD AND BRANCH OFF PIPES ~ Y + Schedule of pipe size required for water supply system 15 22 42 67 76.1 108 wr 3 8 1 48 a2 86 oe te! 2 1 2 4 6 12 2 3 6 28 1 1 3 6 10 16 32 35, 1 1 3 6 9 18 42 11 3 6 12 54 1 1 3 6 o7 1 1 3 76.1 14 108 Schedule ot copper pipes BS EN 1057 (BS 2571 Part 1 Table X) for water sup ‘Number of fixture 1 8 12 16 washbasin 15 28 35 Bath tub, 22. Bt Bt ‘Shower 15 54 54 54 54 ‘Sink 22oy CIPHE:2 PIPE SIZING METHOD AND BRANCH OFF PIPES Y + Recommended water main (copper pipes) velocity (Table 17) SECTION OF WATER SERVICE INSTALLATION ACCEPTABLE VELOCITY (M/SEC. ) is PIPELINES AT MAINS PRESSURE 1.0 TO 2.4 2s PIPELINE ( PUMPED SUPPLY ) SUCTION PIPELINES 0.5 TO 1.0 DELIVERY PIPELINES 1.0 TO 2.0 ad ZS oe a JS FUNDAMENTAL DESIGN FIGURES (TYPICAL APPLICATION) IDEAL RANGE: 2 BAR TO 4 BAR ACCEPTABLE RANGE: 1.5 BAR TO 4.5 BAR (5.5 BAR FOR FLUSHING) Pumped pipe: 2.2 m/s to 2.4 m/s Main distribution: 1.5 m/s to 2.0 m/s Branch: 1.0 m/s to 1.2 m/s Supply to single: About 0.8~1.0 m/s draw off pointPIPE SIZING METHOD AND BRANCH OFF PIPES THESE VELOCITIES ARE RELATED TO ACCEPTABLE SOUND LEVELS OF MOVING. WATER CONTAINING ENTRAINED AIR TO MINIMIZE THE EFFECTIVE OF EROSION. FOR FIRST CLASS HOTEL, THE VELOCITY OF BOTH COLD AND HOT WATER SERVICES SHOULD NOT EXCEED 1 METRE PER SECOND. A ww U CIPHE ===. ~ PIPE SIZING METHOD AND BRANCH OFF PIPES Y Y Capacity of copper pipes to BS EN 1057 (BS 2871 Part 1 Table X) Nominal size (mm) 15 22 28 35 42 54 67 76.1 108 1.0 m/sec. 0.145 0.321 0.5399 0.836 1.233 2.093 3.244 4.210 8.676 Capacity (iressec.) 1.5 m/sec. 2.0 m/sec. 0.2178 0.2904 0.4817 0.6422 0.8099 1.0798 1.2543 1.6724 1.8495 2.466 3.1395 4.186 4.866 6.488 6.315 8.420 13.014 17.952 {A WS 2.5 m/sec. 0.363 0.8028 1.3498 2.0905 3.0825 5.2325 8.11 10.525 21.69 o4 % CIPHE=. © PIPE SIZING METHOD AND BRANCH OFF PIPES ~ + Storage allowance for cold water supplies + Direct supply Nil + Indirect supply + Domestic supply + Refer to Technical Requirements Section C — Water Storage tank details Y % CIPHE==:, IRE: SIZING METHOD AND BRANCH OFF PIPES ~~TO PROPER DRAINAGE.‘< CIPHE#=:-" oO glares wae PRESSURE LOSS CALCULATION Y Calculation Method for Pump Calculation the Total Dynamic Head requires for the pump. * Total Dynamic Head (TDH) = static head + friction loss + minor loss + residual (‘17k HEH) + TDH = Hs + Hf + Hm + residual a CIPHES=.” . PRESSURE LOSS CALCULATION Y ~ + Static head (Hs): Static head of water Hs is the difference in elevation between the static discharge and static suction liquid levels. + Hs=hd-hs + hd = static discharge liquid (in m) + hs = static suction liquid level (in m)—% CIPHE © 8. PRESSURE LOSS CALCULATION Y + Based on the assumption of water flow rate to calculation the friction losses and minor losses for preliminary losses: + Friction head (Hf) - The head of water that must be supplied to overcome the frictional loss caused by the flow of fluid through the piping system includes both suction and delivery is the friction head he CIPHE==- 8. PRESSURE LOSS CALCULATION — PIPING LOSS ~ Y + The equation expres: in engineering term is: Kg 251v V == (8g Di) 95 1049 [meena meme] 3.7D D(2gDi)s Where VV - velocity of flow ( m/s ) D = pipe internal diameter (m) @ = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/sec? ) I = hydraulic gradient = the kinematic viscosity of fluid ( for water at 10°C = ¥31x 10° melsec.) k, = effective roughness ( m ) vis Greek alphabet (Nu) “YoOh CIPHES <9. COLEBROOK — WHITE EQUATION yy » FOR PIPEWORK to BS EN 1057 + Copper pil 15mm diameter copper tube to BS EN 1057(BS 2871 Part 1)ks= 0.06mm Q v Table X (d=13.6 mm ) v Table Y (d=13.0mm) (litres/sec.) (m/sec.) (headlossinm/mrun) (m/sec) (head loss in m/m run) 015 1.08 0.146 4 1.18 0.1835 0.20 1.377 0.2504 1.51 0.275 4 0.30 2.066 0.5387 @ ¥ Yo oN y Ope. CIPHE==: 9. COLEBROOK - WHITE EQUATION i) v FOR PIPEWORK Copper pipes to BS N 1057 (BS 2871 Part 1) Qa v Table X(d=20.22mm) V Table Y (d= 19.62 mm) (itres/sec. ) (1msec.) (head loss in m/m run) ( m/sec.) (head loss in mim run) 0.15 0.467 0.0207 0.496 0.023 9 0.20 0.623 0.0348 0.662 0.040 3 0.30 0.934 0.0732 0.992 0.085 1 0.40 1.246 0.1250 1.323 0.145 4 0.50 1.557 0.1901 1.654 0.221 4 0.60 1.868 0.2685 1.985 0.3129 Refer to additional tables for other pipe size is an) APS CIPHE=. < 9. COLEBROOK — WHITE EQUATION OY vu FOR PIPEWORK + Ductile iron pipes to BS EN 545 (Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines —- Requirements and test method) + Cement mortar lined / coated Nominal size External Thickness: ‘Thickness of Intemal Sectional area Daim) DE(mm) oppewal, ofcomentmonar Garner (ar) e(mm) (mm) (mm) 80 9 86.0 3.0 80 0.005 03 100 «118 6.1 3.0 99.8 0.007 82 150 170 6.3 3.0 151.4 0.018 00 200 222 64 3.2 202.8 0.032 30 250 274 6.8 3.2 254.0 0.050 67 300 326 67.2 0.073 16 i CIPHESS=. 7 9. COLEBROOK — WHITE EQUATION Y vu FOR PIPEWORK 80 mm diameter ductile pipe ( Class K9 ) Kinematic Viscosity = 1.31 x 10-* m?/sec. Coated pipe Cement mortar lined pipe hydraulic gradient {nm /1.000 m for k, = (0.03 mm o v Hydraulic gradient v {in m1 000 m for k, =C=. CIPHE=. < 9. COLEBROOK — WHITE EQUATION @ vu FOR PIPEWORK £80 mm diameter ductile pipe (Class K9) Kinematic Viscosity = 1.31 x 10-* m?/ sec. Coated pipe ° Cement mortar fined pipe v Hydraulic gradient «= V Inydrauiie gradient 1mm 1 000 m for k= im m/ 1 000 m fork, = livesiseo. mis 0.08 mm ms 0.03 mm 75000" 1291 2125 tase 2340) 30000 137 2399 1591 3207 85000 1.469 2688 1691 35.88 90000 1.549 2398 1.790 3390 95000 1.636 3316 11380 4413 10.000 1721 36.53 1969 4855, 10500 1807 4007 2.088 5318 11.000 1.893 a7 2.188 58.08 115001979 4782 2287 10 12.000 2085, 51.68 2387 6834 12500 2.151 55.85 2.488 Bm Fete fo ational tables for oer pipe size HAZEN-WILLIAMS FORMULA — BS EN 12845 6.05 x 105 Po eg xbxQ™® where: pis the pressure loss in the pipe, in bar; is the flow through the pipe, in litres per minute: dis the mean internal diameter of the pipe, in milimetres; Cis a constant for the type and condition of the pipe (see Table 22); Lis the equivalent length of pipe and ftings, in metres. ‘Table 22 — C values for various types of pipe "Type of pipe Value of ‘cast Fon 700 docile iron 110 mild steal 120 galvanized steel 120 ‘spun cement 130 ‘coment ined cast ron 130 ‘stainless stee! 140 140 140rs CIPHE=. LASS EXERCISE Y ~ + Aductile iron (Class K9) cement mortar lined rising (pumping) main for supply cold water to a domestic development which comprising 110 flats, each flat to have one 20mm tap bath tub; one wash basin; one kitchen sink and one washing machine + Calculation: The approximate design flow rate of rising (pumping) main; and the size (DN) of rising main C YZ vy © CLASS EXERCISE Y uocosted ioe ate radert Nat beomtorn= 006mm SEEPEEGEEEE ne cal #138218, vt pet inmate Vacony 2138410 * mee, cement mara nd oe Verte ratnt nm 4200 mtorbe= a 03 mmJ CIPHE= ==. © 10. FITTING HEAD LOSS CALCULATION Y g : Head loss for pipe fittings shall be calculated by Ky ——~ 29 Where KjIs flction loss coefficient factor. Me “is velocity head. 29 Hoad lose coefficient K; for valves, pipe fittings and specials: Gate valves ( valve tuly open ) ON2 2 40 5 65m 100 150 a0 280 K 0s7 0% 038 0m 02 000 oz om ass Non return (check ) valves V0.5 mésoc, 1.0 misec. 1.50-miser. 2.0 msec, 2 2:50 msec. K 10 8 3 13 or ‘Strainers ( basket ype ) Ky=22-25 exible connectors ht type bellow type coma pe 08 oe 2a ©) “YZ © yy, _rs CIPHE#=:." © 10. FITTING HEAD LOSS CALCULATION Y Standard bends (r= 4D) 90° ze 28 Kk, 080 030 020 ans Suction pipe entry losses ‘Sharp-edpe protect far sharp-edoe kK, 030 050 Standard tapers Inet st owe 4/82 1200140160 180200 k ome 005010? Foot valve with strainer ‘ON s0t0c0 10010900 Kat VS tm/see a 3 V> m/sec. 3 228 elbows 90°C all nominal size Ky = 0.50 oe Tee-piece ( with separation flow ) ky for main is 0.7 K, for branch is 1.3 “YZ © YX ) % CIPHES=:.. © 10. FITTING HEAD LOSS CALCULATION Y EXAMPLE 5: ‘A 108 MM DIAMETER COPPER PIPE | TABLE X ) CONVEYS 17.5 LITRES/ SEC, FRESH WATER FROM POINT A TO POINT 8. PIPEWORK CONTAINING 45 METRES COPPER PIPE; ONE NO. 100 M/A WATER METER, 2 NOS. 100 MM GATE VALVES, ONE NO. 100 MM CHECK ‘VALVE; 4 NOS. 108 fit 90° BEND FITTINGS AND 2 NOS. 108 MM 45° BENDS. ‘CALCULATE THE TOTAL HEAD LOSSES OF THE PIPEWORK. GIVEN: 100MM METER: K, = 0:305M WHERE: VELOCITY = 2.016 1 /SEC. VELOCITY HEAD V? / 2G = 2.016? / (2 X9.81) = 0.207 PIEANDFITINGS LENGTH OF PIPEOR HEAD LOSS COEFFICIENT K, HEAD LOSSES, NO.OF FITINGS OR HYDRAULIC GRADIENT OF PIPE [Ke X VELOCITY HEAD) (M) 108 MA COPPER PIPE 45 METRES 0.039 m/m 450039 = 1755 M 100 MPA METER 1 0.305 1 X0.305 m= 0.305 M 100 MM GATE VALVES 2 022 2X 0.22 X 0.207 = 0.09126 M 100 MMA CHECK VALVE 1 13 1X 1.30207 = 0.2696.» Ye 108 Mm 90? BENDS 4 oso 4X 0.50 x 0.207 = 0.4148 M Too mm asses 2 020 2x03K0207 = 012444 Ly TOTAL HEAD LOSSES OF PIPEWORK = 2.960 MOR 2.96 a WQ A Abs% CIPHE 10. FITTING HEAD LOSS CALCULATION EXAMPLE 6: ARNT TR LEB fe tong ES Y ‘A 100 MM DIAMETER COATED DUCTILE IRON PIPE (CLASS K9] CONVEYS 17.5 UTRES/SEC. FROM POINT & TO POINT 8. PIPEWORK CONTAINING 45 METRES UCTIEIPE; ONE NO. 100 Nah WATER METER, NOS. 100 *AM GATE VALVES, ONENO. TODMM CHECK VALVE; 4 NOS. 100 Mi 90° BEND FITTINGS; 2 NOS. 100 MWA 45° BEND FTINGS, ‘CALCULATE THE TOTAL HEAD LOSSES OF PIPEWORK ‘GIVEN. 100M METER: KS = 0.20514 were VvELociTy = 1.99 m/sec. VELOCITY HEAD v2/26 PIPES ANDFITINGS LENGTH OF PIPE OR NO. OF FITINGS 100 my OUCTLE 45 METRES IRON PIPE 100 mo mere 1 1OOMMGATEVALVE 2 100MM CHECK VAIVE 1 10MM 90°REND 4 100MM 45° BEND 2 1.999 /2X 9.81 = 0.2018, weoiocomcmne sean. CRMOMULCGUOEATOF KSXWLOCTY ND oe B Pavan ssharan/aco= ah cave \xaies-o08m 2 srostoaoie-osiew roast orn 362859, PNEUMATIC VESSEL — REFLEX AS EXAMPLE Potable Water For 5 Floors 7.50 Us 450.00 L/min [Potable Pneumatic Tank sizing PaXP v= 16.5 at * Fax” AP x Pe la= 450.00 lemax: 10 pu=ase1 45 pi-2.sea as Pui 1 Pc=P-05 3 lv= 398.1 Hence 4 nos. 10001 are selected.Techoleal data + 10001 PNEUMATIC VESSEL + DN 1000MM. + H2010MM 7 Ey FS Cs a CI DESIGN CONSIDERATION + VESSEL NEED REGULAR INSPECTION TO THE BLADDER + VESSEL TAKE UP LOTS OF SPACE + LARGE VESSEL IS EXPENSIVE + VESSEL TOO LARGE CAN NOT PASS THROUGH DOOR OR LIFT + WEIGHT OF VESSEL12. MISCELLANEOUS THE USE OF QUICK SIZING METHOD * STEP 1 FIND THE DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION * STEP 2 FIND THE HOUR PER DAY USAGE (BY EXPERIENCE AND JUDGMENT) STEP 3 FIND THE AVERAGE AND PEAK FLOW RATE = TWO TO THREE TIMES THE AVERAGE FLOW RATE IS Is NOT AN ACCURATE METHOD B Teche! Paper (@he APPAREL IHE CIPHE- HKB Se Ane 2010oy CIPHES= 11. MISCELLANEOUS + Maximum spacing of pipe supports, loP (2002) Table 8 Type ot piping Size of pipe ‘Spacing for Spacing for horizontal vertical (mm) (m) (m) ‘Copper and 12 12 1.8 Stainless steel © 15-20 18 24 35-42 24 30 54 27 3.0 76.1 - 133 3.0 3.6 159 3.6 42 Dustile Iron 80-100 27 27 150 3.6 3.6 THE END Q&AJ) CIPHE= ==. ‘Acknowledgement: Te aircon of this wating sssn was cgantad y Mc Kans Chan, CIPHEsHon Kong Bra sheer apres is Sper conus, Spcal harks war vor io CPHE Hong Kang Branch 2022 Cameos Membre an ie Nope acing a8 ‘Re pblenton eto i ht @ 2022 by The Chartered Insitute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering - Hong Kong Branch and Mr. Kenneth Chan