American Literature

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What is American Literature?

American literature generally refers to literature from the United States that
is written in English.
 The purpose of these early texts was usually to explain the process of
colonization and describe the United States to future immigrants back
home in Europe.
 John Smith (1580-1631)- British explorer, is sometimes credited as
the first American author for his publications that include A True
Relation of Virginia (1608) and The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-
England, and the Summer Isles (1624).

History of American Literature


Puritan/Colonial Literature (1650-1750)
Historical context
 A person’s fate is determined by God (Predestination)
 All people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ (original sin)
 Covenant of grace and Covenant of works debate
Genre/Style
 Sermons, diaries, personal narratives
 Written in plain style
Effect/Aspects
 Instructive
 Reinforces authority of the bible and church
Literary works
 Of Plymouth Plantation, a journal by William Bradford
 A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
by Mary Rowlandson
 Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" is a sermon written by the
American theologian Jonathan Edwards.
 Though not written during Puritan times, The Crucible and The
Scarlet Letter depict life during the time when puritan theocracy
prevailed.

Revolutionary/ Age of reason (1750-1800)


Historical Context
 Tells readers how to interpret what they are reading
 Meant to encourage Revolutionary War support
 Instructive in values
Genre/Style
 Political pamphlets
 Travel writing
 Highly ornate style
 Persuasive writing
Effect/Aspects
 Patriotism grows, instills pride
 Creates common agreement about issues
 National mission and the American character
Literary works
 Common Sense, a 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine
 Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanack and “The
Autobiography”
Romanticism (1800-1860)
Historical Context
 Expansion of magazines, newspapers, and book publishing
 Slavery debates
 Industrial revolution brings ideas that the ‘old ways” of doing things
are now irrelevant.

 Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven


Gables, and The Blithedale Romance
 Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick, “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” “Benito
Cereno,” and other writings
 Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Representative Men
 Henry David Thoreau’s Walden
 Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass

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