Speed Control of DC Motor Literature Review

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The duty cycle is the percentage of the pulse width to the time period. Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM) technique is used where its signal is generated in microcontroller. One of the applications
used here is to control the speed of the DC motor. The PWM duty cycle is used to vary the speed of
the motor by controlling the motor terminal voltage. We have used CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with
8K bytes in system programmable flash AT895S2. The pulses produce is the cause of changing speed
of motor. An example could be a motor driver driving a motor where the motor driver is the actuator
and the motor is the plant. For the rest of the time of the time period, the output is LOW. The
advantage of this process is that no human intervention is required in this process. You might need
to install STM studio for debugging. Voltage and resistance variation affect characteristics of the
armature while flux regarding the pole affects magnetic properties of the motor. This process is
repetitive and endless whereby the microcontroller maintains the desired conditions. PID controller
was also used in this problem to meet the design criteria. The problem with this method is that it is
not very reliable as a person is prone to error or negligence in his work. This demonstrates the reason
for using energy efficient electric drives. The DC offset voltage is controlled by the potentiometer P1
by IC1:A, which is configured as a voltage follower. Microstrip Bandpass Filter Design using EDA
Tolol such as keysight ADS and An. Precise control of low torque DC motor is obtained by using
simple and inexpensive hardware. By adjusting the width of the pulse, the motor speed can be
adjusted. The modulation of pulse width is obtained using pulse width generator in ATmega16
Microcontroller. DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL Permanent magnetDC motors are constructed out
of a number of components. A more formal and precise method Used in most modern machines.
Keywords-Speed Control, PID Controller, Fuzzy logic Controller, MATLAB, SIMULINK I
INTRODUCTION DC motor is a power actuator which converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. In this project firstly we are giving the supply to PIC microcontroller. The pid calculated the
value of the duty to attain the reference value at the given instant. DC motors is used in many
industrial applications such as electric vehicles, steel rolling mills, electric cranes and robotic
manipulators due to precise, wide, simple and continuous control characteristics. This is described as
the mass accumulated in the first tank. GIFs Highlight your latest work via email or social media
with custom GIFs. Now a days Internet achieve a drastic changes in communication as well as the
industrial area. Microstrip Bandpass Filter Design using EDA Tolol such as keysight ADS and An.
The input terminals is given pwm through a resistor that limits the current to the led that is connected
to the optocoupler. A second lag compensator was also designed to meet the steady state requirement
of the problem. In this paper, an electric drive is designed constructed which is controlled using
Programmable Integrated Controller (PIC) 16F628A and the theoretical model investigated
experimentally. Step 5: System Implementation The system is a speed control system.The system is
implemented using PID that is Proportional Integration and derivative as discussed earlier in detail.
The motor voltage and revolutions per minutes (RPM) obtained at different duty cycle rates. GIFs
Highlight your latest work via email or social media with custom GIFs. The microcontroller is
programmed to control the process, according to given speci?cations, connected in a circuit (to be
discussed later), fed the desired value or conditions and thereby controls the process to maintain the
desired value. In this paper worked out, speed control analysis of DC motor using PID controller.
The speed control of DC motor is uncommonly captivating from investigation motivation behind
discernment. This paper shows that precise and accurate control of small DC motors can be done
efficiently without using costly components and complicated circuit. It leads its family with a high
clock frequency of 168 MHz. The microcontroller provides flexibility to the circuit by incorporating
two push button switches in order to increase and to decrease the duty cycle rate. Attachments
code.txt Download Step 7: Conclusion As a conclusion, the speed of the motor was controlled using
the PID. This controller is ability used as a part of a huge amount of divergent districts, for example,
balance structure, aeronautics, process control, gathering, outlining, prepare and assembling,
designing and train. As large power is wasted in the diverter resistance, therefore this method is
neither economical nor efficient. This research work aims at providing an appropriate software based
control system because it provides computer featured applications, prevents rapid signal loss, reduces
noise while also significantly improves the steady state and dynamic response of the motor. This is
called pulse width modulation (PWM) DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL in our project we used kit
166 in this kit (PWM) is used Short pulses means the motor runs slowly; longer pulses make the
motor run faster. We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Add Links Send readers
directly to specific items or pages with shopping and web links. To drive the motor, H-bridge is used
which is made up of four MOSFETs. One simple method is to use potentiometer to change the pulse
width which inherently controls the DC motor speed. Using root locus, it was found that a lag
compensator is required to meet this design criteria and place poles in the desired locations. The
speed at which a motor runs at rated armature voltage and rated field current. It is. Sinusoidal PWM
and Space Vector Modulation For Two Level Voltage Source Conve. Assume the two equal halves of
series filed winding is connected in series as shown in figure below. This paper determined which the
controller is the best one depending on the obtained figures and the time domain specifications. Thus
with a reduction in diverter resistance R, speed decreases. Articles Get discovered by sharing your
best content as bite-sized articles. Speed control of separately excited DC motor by armature voltage
variation. Operation of a single-phase half controlled bridge rectifier.
There are several methods for controlling the speed of DC motors. Due to insertion of the rheostat R
in series with the motor, the armature current will flow through it and there is a voltage drop of I a R
across it. The variable speed drives, till a couple of decades back, had various limitations, such as
poor efficiency, larger space, lower speeds, etc., However, the advent power electronic devices such
as power MOSFETs, IGBTs etc., and today we have variable speed drive systems which are not only
in the smaller in size but also very efficient, highly reliable and meeting all the stringent demands of
various industries of modern era. The values have been selected according to the requirements. The
microcontroller is at the heart of any Control System. This setup has been provided an electrical
isolation using an optocoupler ic. The aim of this thesis is to show how DC motor can be controlled
by using PID controller in MATLAB. These concepts are used here to explain the flux control
methods. In this paper describe the results to demonstrate the effectiveness and the proposed of this
PID controller produce significant improvement control performance and advantages of the control
system DC motor. Shunt motor speed control by varying the armature resistance. When Q4and Q5
are ON the current flow is reversed and the motor spins in the opposite direction. Mathematical
modelling of dc motor is done and is simulated in Simulink. This controller is ability used as a part
of a huge amount of divergent districts, for example, balance structure, aeronautics, process control,
gathering, outlining, prepare and assembling, designing and train. Rectifier circuit is used for power
supply to circuit and motor. This research work aims at providing an appropriate software based
control system because it provides computer featured applications, prevents rapid signal loss, reduces
noise while also significantly improves the steady state and dynamic response of the motor. As the
resistance of Diverter is changed, the field flux is changes which in turn cause the speed of DC
Motor to change. This paper shows that precise and accurate control of small DC motors can be done
efficiently without using costly components and complicated circuit. A lead lag compensator applied
as control method to control the speed of DC Motor. The motor speed desired speed, the direction of
rotation, and the deadband for on-off control can all be entered from the keypad. Teams Enable
groups of users to work together to streamline your digital publishing. Therefore the output power is
not kept constant at any speed. The power losses are great using this method hence not economical.
From the above equation it is clear that ??2 is less than ??1. The variable voltage is usually obtained
from an electronic circuit. When the motor starts it rotates the slit attached to the shaft of the motor.
DC motors are most suitable for wide range speed control and are therefore used in many adjustable
speed drives. This is known as armature control method. (iii) By varying the applied voltage V. DC
motor servomechanism is the system under control, which is imitated by SMVL. The validity of this
is tested and the simulation results presented to show the effectiveness and performance of the
model. Though dealt with this problem in this project, there is an overall notion about this model that
it does not exactly provide such high frequency.
At the output a pull down resistor is attached so that when the terminals short the voltage is
developed at the pull down resistor and the pin attached to the upper terminal of resistor receives a
HIGH state. The output of the optocoupler is connected to the IN1 of the motor driver ic keeping the
ENABLE pin HIGH. The combination of proportional, integral and derivative control action is
called PID control action. The reference voltage that each triggers at is derived from the resistor
voltage divider of R6, R7 and R8. PID controllers are widely used in a industrial plants because of
their simplicity and robustness. This allows a reduced-voltage at starting for the motor and hence,
reversing control or selection of multiple speeds. Download Free PDF View PDF MOTOR
CONTROL USING PWM HARI SANKAR —The aim of this project is to control the speed of a
DC motor using Pulse Width Modulation. Considering the expression that is made use in the control
of motor speed as. Industrial Electronics DEK 3113 DC motor speed control 2. Download Free PDF
View PDF Microcontroller Based Speed Control of a DC Motor Using PWM Technique WARSE
The World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering The aim of development of this project
is towards providing efficient and simple method for control speed of DC motor using pulse width
modulation technique. The PID is also working ?ne providing a very low settle time of the motor.
The rectifiers available include the single-phase half controlled bridge rectifier containing a flywheel
diode. By adjusting the width of the pulse, the motor speed can be adjusted. It is a very important
component therefore its choice of selection should be made carefully based on the requirements of
the System. A conventional PID controller which was tuned by using Ziegler and Nichols method
was proposed in this paper. Using a trial and error approach, PID gains were first tuned and
implemented. This sensor is connected to the output, the information of which is fed back to the
input. Hence, the Field of ” Control System Engineering ” was developed. The change in flux is
obtained by changing the number of turns of the field winding. Precise control of low torque DC
motor is obtained by using simple and inexpensive hardware. Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or
pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. A
hardware setup has been practically implemented for the proposed control system in order to check
the simulation results and which were acceptable and satisfactory. The ease of control and excellent
performance of the DC motors will ensure that the number of applications using them will continue
grow in future. A more formal and precise method Used in most modern machines. As load torque is
assumed constant, the Electromagnetic Torque produced by DC Shunt Motor is more than the load
Torque, hence the load will accelerate. Such an assortment of methodologies is arranged around
there. Now when another low pulse comes, the IF statement executes again waits for the next rising
edge and stops the counter. The project aims at interfacing these sensors with a DC motor.
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller has been used for several decades in industries for
process control applications. The basic operation of the proposed circuit is based on the pulse width
modulation (PWM) using a pulse generator with variable pulse width to drive the motor circuit.