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Bell's Theorem and Inequality

1) The EPR paper introduced the idea of local hidden variables to explain entanglement in quantum mechanics. 2) Bell derived an inequality, known as Bell's inequality, that must be obeyed by any local hidden variables theory. 3) Bell showed that quantum mechanics predicts values that violate Bell's inequality, proving that local hidden variables theories are incompatible with quantum mechanics.

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gellerparis10
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35 views6 pages

Bell's Theorem and Inequality

1) The EPR paper introduced the idea of local hidden variables to explain entanglement in quantum mechanics. 2) Bell derived an inequality, known as Bell's inequality, that must be obeyed by any local hidden variables theory. 3) Bell showed that quantum mechanics predicts values that violate Bell's inequality, proving that local hidden variables theories are incompatible with quantum mechanics.

Uploaded by

gellerparis10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Belll thesem

) The EPR paper (Einsten - Pedslsky-Rasen) publiled


.in 195 staro that Quanm theeny
incemplit thuong on the boealit
foteER aper, was lbased en
ulatt and intorodueed a loca! hiddn
vaniabs theoy .:
enlangled electios henmeas ed
dem dustamt paints oe at communicate
usdh eaeh athu (Einstein Spoey actiom at

haue inhient hopetis


dul toa localhidd vaiable, h 2.
uhidden'.beeawsetis ; nphedietable and
kno ho te measune t &uhat
ib aoptiesà
loeal Lalism mo iofluence can paepgat

the measueent amal t was nat ginen t


the time of measemnt (ilee qpiantin theony
Sstut el mea uiemet des ibes)
)An Dsh hysicst ) Jahn &tew aut Bell, eadthe
RPR bapel
papst and A n inequalty
based n he local hadden vaab Res theohy
the kPR agument (is Kaal), then it
Bel

Satishac
bheule obey this inequality ealed the Bls
) n his 1964 gape, Bell paoned
that theueapae
nisting valuis efet spn, then
hust hald t r . is erincquality
) Re then thuorcleally shos that uánlim
ey vislats Bel inequalit, hence Quanlim
dheoys nenlecal.
Baukgiond fo the thought expaint phae
Pion at heyt, o to comse lunea
et momentan
monee oppostedietiónS.
) dtctos
at twe bpasite Siols .

et

These detetumiae spin in ünit


Dowid
ion of the ER expt)
(Bonns wwsion
a ginevaliation
Bell suggest Insteod otienting
thu a oette aleng the Same deetien,
Alsused them to be otated indegendantiy.
)Tha irst mase the component o elenSpiy
in the diuchion ol unit weeto a,
along
fo
unit weeto B.
Simplicity, se measue the pins in wnits od
the each detectse, measues. eithe ti (spi,
u) - (kpin down).
A table
A y esults might laat ee thu:
Produt
P

+.

Bell paopecd to caleulate the aveage valetthe


set deteeta
hoduct
a
ginen
ientaten ae cale this aveag (a, E)

pin olewn
(antipanalel),_'a,-a). )
f abitaany oteentation quantu meehami
udicl!
Bel ound out that this i incempatib lu ntb the loe
hidden variablw thesy. Th was dene wito t
help Bells
upgpon that
that the comptie sit 9 the eet
yskem is chasacteristecl bu iddh Naiablu ^e
(Vaatier i unpoictabl),
dateehak alon
HUo Supot the autome ondupendent
dust dutc chor along b.
Then dhere ests Some function A(&,) which
meaemen detecto I , and
8(6, ) e detet . Theseumctions ean
(3cnee Spn)
. A (a, 2) = t1 B(B,)=t|
À(A,2)= B(3,2) ton all
Now, the avelage of thepsadut if
P(a,E) <A(G) B8(E,2)>
:
meaemut

whe 3(A) ’ 30)A) B(E,2) d)


dunity of the hudalus
Nancade .
Nelmaliahion condikon
R

Lot be any othu wnit vectet.


fhen P(a,$)- rla,c) :
ACc,)d
A(6,A)- A

dà

uae hee

|P(a,b)- Pa,c)l&3!
A(b,)x B(E) d
.
eA) A(b,) B(C, A) dd
P(arb)-Ra, 1+ P(6,8) ’ ciayalty
L41S Bet-(etSHnequaliy
Beld

Dt falds for any localidden Vaiables teony.


B0lso shosed' that the Quanl
eehaneal
edietien s atetete incamabble wt
Bs
inkauality
males A5° with and
angle
P(8,B)
Quenim mechanes.
Then, P(a, B) = abeosqo°
P (,) = -ab cos h5
let az be C=] », Pla,).-1
-0707

Bt hee
|O--o-to1)I+e- o.701
o707 o293
Hena, ayantum theoy i non-aea!
) ene, this establishes
tats that. Ne leeal hidden Vaniables heoy
Can seocuu al the kesult
thuony"

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