Acknowledgement

This assignment has been prepared with the help of the data, graphs and charts taking
from Report on Labor Force Survey 2022 which was published by Bangladesh Bureau of
Statistics (BSS). As a result all the tables of this paper belong to secondary data.

All the graphs used in this assignment is created with the help of MS Excel and some of
the graphs are directly taken from the Labor Force Survey 2022.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Report labour force survey
3. The flow diagram of labour force survey
4. Labour force participation rate
5. Labour force participation rate by age and sex
6. Employed by Occupation
7. Unemployment rate
8. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION:
Labour market is considered as one of the important macroeconomic markets and labour is the
inevitable components of production. Its importance in broad economical perspective of growth,
stability and development cannot be denied. In the context of Bangladesh its importance is
several degrees higher for its being densely population with considerable economically active
generation. In this particular term paper, we will try to make brief scenario of the labour market
of Bangladesh during the period of 2015-16 to 2022 with the help of Labour Force Survey
(LFS) 2022 report conducted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).

The usual or conventional definition of labour force or economically active population of the
population aged 15 years and over has been used in the LFS 2022. According to the usual
definition any person aged 15 years and over who was either employed or unemployed during
the reference period and any person of the same age putting in a minimum of one hour's work in
family farm/enterprise for pay or profit during the reference period is considered economically
active. Only usual definition of economically active population would follow for the population
of age 15 years and over to estimate the labour force characteristics of Bangladesh. The purpose
of the survey, like those of the earlier ones, is to estimate the size and composition of civilian
labour force and its characteristics such as age and genders specific labour force participation
rate, status in employment, unemployment, and duration of unemployment etc.
REPORT LABOUR FORCE SURVEY:
Table 1.a: Usual definition, population, labour force, employed, unemployed not in labour force.

Labour Force Labour Force

Year 2015-16 2016-17 2022
Population
Labour and others
Male 43.1 43.5 47.27
Labour Forces (million) Female 19.1 20.0 25.78
Total 62.1 63.5 73.05
Employed Population Male 41.8 42.2 45.61
(million) Female 17.8 18.6 24.86
Total 59.5 60.8 70.47
Unemployed Population Male 1.3 1.4 1.66
(million) Female 1.3 1.3 0.92
Total 2.6 2.7 2.58
Not in Labour forces Male 9.5 10.6 11.82
(million) Female 36.1 35.0 34.50
Total 44.0 45.5 46.32
Total Population of Male 79.6 81 85.10
Bangladesh Female 78.9 80.3 84.77
Total 158.5 161.3 169.87
 From the dada it is observed that the population in Bangladesh has been increased from the
period 2015-16 to 2022. Population was 158.5 million in the labour force survey 2015-16. But
by the next five years population increased by 161.3 (million) from 158 (million)in the period
2016-17. And in the period 2022 the population increased by 169 million from 161.3(million).
So we can see that the total population of Bangladesh increased significantly during the period.

We can also see that in the labour force survey 2015-16 total civilian labour force was 62.1
million population and in 2016-17 total civilian labour force was 63.5 million And in 2022 total
civilian labour force was 46.3 million that was 38.01 % of the total population.

Figure: The flow diagram of labour force survey (15+ populations).

Table 1.b

Labour Force Labour Force Labour Force

Year 2015-16 2016-17 2022
Population
Labour and others
Male 43.1 43.5 47.27
Labour Forces Female 19.1 20.0 25.78
(million) Total 62.1 63.5 73.05

Table 1.b represents the data of labour force (15+ population). Total labour force was 62.1
million in the 2015-16. Male and female labour force was 43.1 and 19.1 respectively in that
period. Total labour force was 63.5 in the 2016-17 and has been 73.05 in the 2022. It is
continuously increasing from 2015-16 to 2022. In 2015-16 and 2016-17 male labour force is
43.1 and 43.5 and female labour force is 19.1 and 20.0 respectively. In 2022 it get increased
again and become 47.27 (male) and 25.78 respectably. The trends of the labour force are below
represented graphically-
Trend of Labour Force
Labour Forces (In Millions)
80
73.05
60 62.1 63.5

43.1 43.5 47.27

40
25.78
20 19.1 20

0
2015-16 2016-17 2022

Male Female Female Total

LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (LFPR):

Labour force participation rate could be defined as the proportion of the civilian population
aged 15 years and over who are in the labour force.

That is Labour force participation rate = (Labour force/Population) x 100

Here labour force = Employed Persons (EP) + Unemployed Persons (UP)

Now I will show the LFPR by gender over time in the following data during the period of 1995-
96, 1999-00 and 2001-03.

Year
Labour Force Labour Force Labour Force
LFPR 2015-16 2016-17 2022

Male 62.1 63.5 73.05

LFPR Female 19.1 20.0 25.78
Total 43.1 43.5 47.27

From the table we can see that labour force participation rate in the 2015-16 was 43.1.
Male participation rate was 62.1 and the female was 19.1. In the 2016-17 and 2022 total labour
force participation rate increased 43.5 and 47.27 respectively. In the first phase and second
phase participation got increased . On the other hand both of male and female labour force
participation rates also increased throughout the period.

LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE BY AGE AND SEX:

Labour force participation rate by age and sex has been presented in table 3.1.a It is
found that at national level, the highest participation rate was observed in age group 40-
44(65.9%), followed by age groups 45-49 and 35-39( 64.6%). On the other hand, the lowest
participation rate was found for age group 65 years and over because in the higher age group
people naturally become physically unable to participate in economic activities for their old age
complications.
 Table 3.1 .a: Labour force artici ation rate by age and sex :

Participation rates
Age group Male Female Total
15-29 66 56.9 61.2
30-64 93.1 36.6 64.9
65+ 49.7 8 32.4
Total 80 42.8 61.2

Trends of LFPR
80
73.05
70
62.1 63.5
60
50
47.27
43.1 43.5
40
30
25.78
20 19.1 20
10
0
2015-16 2016-17 2022

Male Female Female Total

Sex differential in participation rate by age is pronounced. For the males, the highest
participation rate 93.1 was observed for age group 30-64 whereas for the females the highest
participation rate 56.9 was observed for age group 15-29. It may be mentioned that the
participation rate for male ranges from 93.1% to 49.7% compared to 56.9% to 8 % for females.
It is interesting to note that, for males the panicipation rate increases sharply from age 15-29
and reaches s maximum in the age group 30-64. However , for females it reaches at the top
(56.9%) in the age group 15-29 (mostly unmarried) gradually decreases for marriage and other
reasons.
EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION:

It is observed from the Table 6.2.1 and Figure 6.1 that, at the national level, the largest share of
all employed persons (43.4 per cent) was skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers. 14.2
per cent employed population were engaged in craft and related trades workers, followed by 13.7
per cent in service and sales workers, 10.0 per cent in elementary occupations. In urban areas, the
largest share by far, at 23.9 per cent, of the employed population was in service and sales
workers; within sex, 28.5 per cent were male and 8.0 per cent were female. In rural areas, skilled
agriculture workers accounted for the largest share of the employed population, at 54.4 per cent,
with the breakdown by sex, 85.8 per cent were female among female employed.

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE:
 Year
2015-16 2016-17 2022

Unemployment Rate
Male 3 3.1 3.51
Female 6.8 6.7 3.57
Natonal 4.2 4.2 3.53

Unemployment is perhaps the worst scrounge of a modern economy. The

unemployment rate is defined as the proportion of the labour force that is unemployed. The
unemployment rate expresses the total labour time lost due to unemployment as a proportion of
total labour time of the entire labour force. Here the data of unemployment rate —

Table represents the data of unemployment rate. Total unemployment rate was 4.2 in the LFS
2015-16. Male and female unemployment rate was 3 and 6.8 respectively. In the LFS 1999/00
total unemployment rate increased to 4.3 and male unemployment rate also increased to 3.4.But
female unemployment unchanged 7.8. Total unemployment rate unchanged 4.3 and male
unemployment increased to 4.2 and female unemployment decline 2.8to 4.9.

CONCLUSION:

From the above discussion finally we can say that we get a clear and exact idea about the labour
market scenario of Bangladesh during the period 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2022. Although
employment rate increasing more than unemployment rate all through the years but interestingly
underemployment rate is increasing. Even considering the contribution of Labour Force in
broad economic sector we see that its contribution is increasing in agriculture but it has no
sufficient contribution to industrial and service sector which economically leads to inefficient
allocation of natural resources.
REFERCENCES:

1. Labour Force Survey 2022

https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/
b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2023-10-25-07-38-
4304abd7a3f3d8799fbcb59ff91007b1.pdf