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3-1 Application of Normal Curve

The document discusses applications of the normal distribution, including finding the area under a normal curve, probabilities of values of normal random variables, percentiles, and using percentiles to determine scores and areas. It provides examples of using the normal distribution and z-scores to calculate probabilities and percentile ranks for various scenarios involving IQ scores, food packaging weights, and child growth data.

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Sebastian Mercader
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41 views40 pages

3-1 Application of Normal Curve

The document discusses applications of the normal distribution, including finding the area under a normal curve, probabilities of values of normal random variables, percentiles, and using percentiles to determine scores and areas. It provides examples of using the normal distribution and z-scores to calculate probabilities and percentile ranks for various scenarios involving IQ scores, food packaging weights, and child growth data.

Uploaded by

Sebastian Mercader
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLICATIONS OF

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Objectives:

1. Find and interpret the area under


a normal curve
2. Find the probability of the value of
a normal random variable
3. Find the percentile rank
4. Determine the score and area using
percentiles and vice versa
Area under a Normal Curve
Suppose a random variable X is normally
distributed with mean  and standard deviation
, the area under the normal curve represents
 the proportion of the population with the
characteristic described by the interval of
values
 the probability that a randomly selected
individual from the population will have the
characteristic described by the interval of values
 how likely…
Pretest
Empirical rule

52 56 60 64 68 72 76
Using the Z-table 𝑋−𝜇
𝑍=
𝜎
Example 1

 Use the z-table to find the area that


is located between z=0 and each of
the following z-values:
1. Z = 0.56

2. Z = -1.05

3. Z = -2.58
Example 2

 Find the area that is located between


z=0 and each of the following z-values:
1. Z = 1.32

2. Z = -2.18

Using the z-table of your e-book on


p.302(304), leave your answers in this form:

0.XXXX
Cut-off score

Where can you find the top 10% in the


standard normal curve?

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Example 2

 Find the percentile ranks of the


following
1. Z = 0.56

2. Z = -1.05

3. Z = -2.58
Steps

 Convert the values of X to Z-scores


 Draw a standard normal curve and

shade the desired area


 Find the area under the standard

normal curve using the Z-table.


Example 3 – By row

a. P(X < 116) IQ scores are normally


distributed with a mean of
b. P(X > 85)
μ=100 and a standard
c. P(X < 80) deviation of σ=15
d. P(X > 125)
e. P(X is between 90 and 110)
f. P(X is between 80 and 85)
g. P(X is between 120 and 140)
h. P(X < 70 or X > 130)
Example 3-a  = 100,  = 15

Scores less than 116 (X < 116),


116−100
 𝑍= = 1.07
15

 Area from Z=0 to


Z=1.07 is 0.3577

 P(X<116) = P(Z<1.07)
= 0.5+0.3577 =
0.8577
Alternative Way

 Download/Open Geogebra
 Use Online Geogebra

 Select Probability

 Select either less than -], between [-],

or more than [-
 Enter the values (computed z-value)
Example 3-b  = 100,  = 15

Scores greater than 85 (X > 85)


85−100
 𝑍= = −1.0
15

 Area from Z=0 to


Z=-1.00 = 0.3413

 P(X>85) = P(Z> -1.00)


= 0.5+0.3413 =
0.8413
Example 3-c  = 100,  = 15

Scores less than 80 (X < 80),


80−100
 𝑍= = −1.33
15

 Area from Z=0 to


Z=-1.33 = 0.4082

 P(X<80) = P(Z<-1.33)
= 0.5 – 0.4082 =
0.0918
Example 3-d  = 100,  = 15

Scores greater than 125 (X > 125),


125−100
 𝑍= = 1.67
15

 Area from Z=0 to


Z=1.67 = 0.4525

 P(X>125) = P(Z>1.67)
= 0.5 – 0.4525 =
0.0475
Example 3-e  = 100,  = 15

Between 90 and 110 (90 < X < 110)


90−100 110−100
 𝑍= = −0.67  𝑍= = 0.67
15 15

 Area from Z=0 to


Z=±0.67 = 0.2486

 P(90 < X < 110) =


 P(-0.67 < Z< 0.67) =
0.2486+0.2486 = 0.4972
Example 3-f  = 100,  = 15

Scores between 80 and 85 (80 < X < 85)


80−100 85−100
 𝑍= = −1.33  𝑍= = −1.00
15 15

 Z=0 to -1.33 = 0.4082


 Z=0 to -1.00 = 0.3413

 P (80 < X < 85) =


 P(-1.33<Z<1.07) =
0.4082-0.3413 =
0.0669
Example 3-g  = 100,  = 15

Score is between 120 and 140 (120 < X < 140)


120−100 140−100
 𝑍= = 1.33  𝑍= = 2.67
15 15

 Z=0 to 1.33 = 0.4082


 Z=0 to 2.67 = 0.4962

 P(120 < X < 140) =


 P(1.33 < Z < 2.67) =
0.4962 – 0.4082 =
0.0880
Example 3-h  = 100,  = 15

Score is less than 70 or greater than 130(X < 70 or X > 130)


70−100 130−100
 𝑍= = −2.00  𝑍= = 2.00
15 15

 Z=0 to -2.00 = 0.4772


 Z=0 to 2.00 = 0.4772

 P (X < 70 or X > 130) =


 P(Z < -2 or Z > 2) =
 1.00-0.4772-0.4772 =
 0.0456
E-book, p. 64

 A #s 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
 B #s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Example 4

The full weight of a brand of a pack of


sweet potato fries is a random variable with
N(μ = 350, σ = 4.1). Assume that you pick a
random pack from the population.
a. Find the proportion of packs that contain
less than 340 g.
b. How likely is it for a pack to contain 330 g?
Example 5

A certain type of battery has a mean shelf


life of 600 days with a standard deviation
of 28 days. → N(600, 28)
a. What is the probability that the shelf life of
the battery is over 630 days?
b. What is the probability that the shelf life of
the battery is between 610 and 650 days?
Example 6

 A paediatrician obtains the heights of


her 200 three-year-old patients.
Given that N(38.72, 3.17)...
From Example 6 N(38.72, 3.17)

 Find the percentile rank of the 3-year


old female whose height is
a. 37 inches
b. 35 inches
c. 42 inches
d. 44 inches
Finding the percentile rank

Suggested steps
 Convert the data to Z-score

 Using the z-table, find the area from


0 to Z-score
 Find the area from the left-tail to Z-
score
From Example 6 μ = 38.72, σ = 3.17

 Find the percentile rank of the 3-year


old female whose height is
a. 37 inches 𝑍 = 𝑋 − 𝜇 = 37 − 38.72 = −0.54
𝜎 3.17
b. 42 inches Area from 0 to Z=-0.54 = 0.2054

Area from left to Z = 0.5000-0.2054 = 0.2946


From Example 6 μ = 38.72, σ = 3.17

 Find the percentile rank of the 3-year


old female whose height is
a. 37 inches 𝑍 = 𝑋 − 𝜇 = 42 − 38.72 = 1.03
𝜎 3.17
b. 42 inches Area from 0 to Z=1.03 = 0.3485

Area from left to Z = 0.5000+0.3485 = 0.8485


Example 6c

N(38.72, 3.17)
 Find the percentile rank of the 3-year
old female whose height is
a. 35 inches (Hint: Answer is below P50)
b. 44 inches (Hint: Answer is above P50)
Example 6d μ = 38.72, σ = 3.17

 Find the height of a 3-year-old


female at the
a. 20th percentile
b. 91st percentile

𝑋 = 𝑍𝜎 + 𝜇
From Example 6d μ = 38.72, σ = 3.17

 Find the height of a 3-year-old female at the


20th percentile → 36.06 in
a. 45th percentile 𝑋 = 𝑍𝜎 + 𝜇
b. 58th percentile
88th percentile
c.
P20
0.2000
Z
From Example 6d μ = 38.72, σ = 3.17

 Find the height of a 3-year-old female at the


91st percentile
a. 45 percentile P50
th 𝑋 = 𝑍𝜎 + 𝜇
b. 58th percentile
88th percentile
c.
0.4100 P91
0.9100
From Example 6d

μ = 38.72, σ = 3.17

 Find the height of a 3-year-old


female at the
a. 45th percentile (Formative)
b. 58th percentile (Formative)

𝑋 = 𝑍𝜎 + 𝜇
From Example 6 (E)

 The pediatrician wishes to determine


the heights that separate the middle
a. 90% of the distribution from the
bottom 5% and top 5%.
b. 80%... bottom 10%... top 10%.
c. 98%... bottom 1%... top 1%.
From Example 6e μ = 38.72, σ = 3.17

 Middle 𝑋 = 𝑍𝜎 + 𝜇
a. 90%, bottom 5%, top 5%
b. 58th percentile
c. 88th percentile

0.0500 0.4500 0.4500 0.0500


Z=-1.645 Z=1.645
From Example 6e μ = 38.72, σ = 3.17

 Middle 𝑋 = 𝑍𝜎 + 𝜇
a. 80%, bottom 10%, top 10%
b. 58th percentile
c. 88th percentile

0.1000 0.1000
Z=-1.28 Z=1.28
From Example 6e

 The paediatrician wishes to


determine the heights that separate
the middle 98%...
𝑋 = 𝑍𝜎 + 𝜇
 bottom 1%... top 1%.
Join the Club

Suppose that you are interested in starting your own MENSA-


type club, Don Bosco Makati Senior High School Chapter and the
three of you are animators. To qualify for the club, the potential
member must have intelligence that is in the top 25% of all
people. The problem that you face is you do not have a baseline
for measuring what qualifies as a top 25% score.
Submission

 Strand/age problem/issue
 Related study with % figure

 Source in APA 7th Edition

 Question answerable by yes or No

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