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GLASS FIBER STRENGTH PROPERTIES

Article · October 2018

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International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

GLASS FIBER STRENGTH PROPERTIES

Ajay Singh Thakur1 Tarun Sharma2

1
M.E student Department of civil Engineering Chandigarh University
2
Assistant professor Chandigarh University Gharuan

ABSTRACT

The world is on a verge of a serious breakthrough in sustainable development with challenges in difficult
engineering structures. As we know concrete is the most utilized material with great compressive strength but it
mostly lacks in tensile strength. Efforts are being made by many researchers to overcome the weakness of
concrete by developing modified concrete with the help of various admixtures, fibers, polythene up to the
certain limit by weight or volume. For a sustainable point of view in the global level, it is of vital importance
that fibers like glass carbon, steel, polypropylene, etc show enhancement in tensile, fatigue, weight, fire, energy
absorption, toughness and impact resistance in fiber- reinforcement concrete and these properties further turn to
improve fracture and fatigue problems. With the coming of alkali-resistant glass fiber, it helps in improving the
durability for a long time. In the present investigation, compressive strength, split tensile strength among M20,
M30, M40, and M50 with A-R glass fiber has been studied.

KEYWORDS: Glass fiber, alkali resistant, compressive strength, split-tensile test.

INTRODUCTION

The construction material which is most globally used is concrete and it has several properties like high
compressive strength, stiffness, durability, and at same time it is weak in tension and fails without giving any
warning (brittle failure) and have low strain at fracture so to overcome this reinforced concrete is introduced and
these consist of mild steel, hybrid deformed steel bars, thermo-mechanically treated bars which helped in
overcoming the weakness of concrete in tension. Fiber reinforced concrete is a relatively old composite material
from mid 19th century made primarily of hydraulic cement, aggregate and discrete reinforcement fibers. Fiber
reinforcement concrete is reinforced up to a length of 35mm; uniformly distributed fibers which will improve
many properties of concrete like shear strength, fatigue resistant, impact, temperature, shrinkage crack, flexural
strength. Spray application is used for fiber length up to 35mm and for 25mm length, premix application is used.
After application, these fibers have the tensile strength between 2-4 GPA and elastic modulus is 70-80 GPA.
Fiber shows 2.5-4.8% elongation at the breakpoint and low creep at room temperature. These glass fibers are
usually round & straight with 0.005 to 0.015mm and they can also be bundled. The result of a split-tensile test
on concrete with glass, polypropylene, steel fiber shows that this fiber can be used up to 1-3% by volume with
enhancement of tensile load carrying capacity and also helps in suppressing the conversion of micro cracks into
macrocracks and apparent tensile strength of matrix increases.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Kavita Kene, et al organized various study by experimenting with glass and steel fiber to find their behavior.
The study done on steel fibers of 0 to 0.5% by volume fraction and alkali-resistant glass fiber with 0 to 25% by
weight of cement of length cutout at 12mm and the results were compared.

Griffiths investigated the mechanical property of glass fiber reinforced concrete which contains 20% resins of
polyester and fine silica aggregate which is 79% about 20MPa. With the addition of 1.5% fiber by weight to the
material it increases the modulus of ruptures about 20% and fracture toughness by 55%. Glass fiber helps in
improving the load carrying capacity and improves the force required for deformation and by increasing the
energy for crack propagation it improves the toughness.

Volume 8, Issue X, OCTOBER/2018 Page No:175

International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

Sorousshian; observed that the inclusion of fiber decreases the workability of fresh concrete and this effect is
more for fibers having a high aspect ratio. The effect of fiber type on fresh mix workability as represented both
subjectively, the results of crimped fiber result in more slump value than straight and hooked fiber.

Rajender Babu; observed that the compressive strength of concrete with glass fiber increases up to 1% by
volume of high fiber percentage and strength also decreases if the percentage increases significantly.

Yogesh Murthy, et al studied the performance of glass fiber-reinforcement concrete and the study stated that not
only fiber helps to overcome concrete weakness but also helps in small cost-cutting and also provide an easy
outlet to dispose of glass as industrial waste. From the study, it is revealed that with the inclusion of 1.5% glass
fiber the flexural strength of the glass fiber beam increases up to 30%.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Materials

Cement: Cement is used as a binding material and Ordinary Portland cement of 53 -grade (IS-12269) available
in the local market is used in the investigation and it has been tested for hydraulic cement under IS 4031-1998.
The specific gravity of OPC 53 was 3.01 and fineness was 3300 cm2/gm.

Coarse aggregate: The size of coarse aggregate varies from 40mm to 4.25mm and they come in rounded and
angular shapes and can be obtained from the local source easily and in this investigation, we have used crushed
angular granite from a local source. The specific gravity of course aggregate was 2.69 and flakiness index was
4.5% and elongation index was 3.89%.

Fine aggregate: Fine aggregate is used to fill the large void gaps due to coarse aggregate and their size is less
than 4.75mm. River sand was used as a fine aggregate in this investigation with specific gravity 2.54 and
fineness modulus 2.92.

Fiber: Glass fiber was used which was CEM-FIL ant –crack HD whose diameter is 14microns, length is 12mm
and modulus of elasticity 71Gpa with specific gravity 2.68 and aspect ratio which is the length to diameter ratio
is 857.1428 and has 212 million fibers per kg.

Test Specimen: Various specimens were conducted which are as follows: -

For Compression test a cube specimen of 150x150x150 mm cubes were cast whose strength is calculated after
7,14,28 days and cylinder sample of 150x300 mm was prepared for compressive strength under compression
testing machine. For the tensile testing concrete beam of 100x100x500 mm sample were cast.

Table: Quantity per 1cum of ordinary Portland concrete and glass fiber anti-crack and alkali resistant

GRADE OF CEMENT FINE COURSE WATER W/C GLASS

CONCRETE (KG) AGGREGATE AGGREGATE RATIO FIBRES

M20 317 729 1114 164.84 0.52 0.03% BY

CONCRETE
VOLUME
M30 349 687 1138 171.01 0.49 0.03% BY
CONCRETE
VOLUME
M40 400 606 1168 152 0.38 0.03% BY
CONCRETE
VOLUME
M50 450 587 1139 157.5 0.35 0.03% BY
CONCRETE
VOLUME

Volume 8, Issue X, OCTOBER/2018 Page No:176

International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Workability: The parameter of compaction factor is used in finding the workability in glass fiber concrete with
the addition of 0.03% of glass fiber. The compaction factor of 0.93-0.97 which is in high range is maintained.
This test is carried out to measure the compatibility which is an important factor of workability.

TABLE-2 Recommended workability values

DEGREE OF SLUMP (MM) COMPACTING VEE-BEE TIME

WORKABILITY FACTOR (SECONDS)
Very low 0-25 0.75-0.80 20-10

Low 25-50 0.80-0.85 10-5

Medium 50-75 0.85-0.92 5-2

High 75-150 >0.92 2-0

BLEEDING: Reduction in bleeding is observed with the addition of 0.03% of glass fiber and this reduction
also improves the surface integrity.

Table4 COMPRESSIVE, FLEXURAL, SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF ORDINARY AND GLASS MIX
FIBER:

Compressive strength Flexural strength Split tensile strength

2
Grade of No of days (N/mm ) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
concrete Without With Glass Without With Glass Without With Glass
glass fiber fiber glass fiber fiber Glass fiber
fiber

28 35.60 41.27 3.49 4.09 3.61 4.22

M20

56 37.24 43.01 3.89 4.60 4.01 4.73

28 40.05 46.01 4.02 4.79 4.25 4.87

M30

56 43.23 50.42 4.17 5.40 4.70 5.35

28 45.17 55.50 4.67 5.54 4.76 5.62

M40

56 49.19 57.50 5.18 6.20 5.38 6.19

28 51.18 59.31 5.41 6.24 5.54 6.36

M50

56 57.92 66.55 5.82 6.75 5.82 6.67

Volume 8, Issue X, OCTOBER/2018 Page No:177

International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

Compressive strength varies from 35 to 43N/mm2 for M20 grade and for M30 it varies from 40 to 51 N/mm2 and
for M40 it varies from 45 to 58N/mm 2 and for M50 it varies from 51 to 67N/mm 2.

Flexural strength varies from 3.4 to 5.60 for M20 and for M30 it varies from 4.02 to 5.40 and for M40 it varies from
54.61 to 6.20 and for M50 it varies from 5.41 to 6.8 N/mm 2.

Split tensile strength varies from 3.60 to 4.73 for M20 and for M30 it varies from 4.25 to 5.35 and for M40 it varies
from 4.75 to 6.20 and for M50 it varies from 5.54 to 6.70N/mm 2.

VARIATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH, AND FLEXURAL

STRENGTH

Table 5 Percentage increase of compressive, flexural, and split-tensile strength of glass fiber concrete.

Grade of No of days Compressive Flexural strength Split tensile strength

concrete strength (N/mm2) (N/mm ) 2
(N/mm2)

28 15.96 17.19 16.89

M20

56 15.49 18.25 17.955

28 17.12 19.40 14.588

M30

56 16.63 20.80 13.82

28 22.86 20.17 18.06

M40

56 16.89 19.69 15.05

28 15.88 15.34 14.80

M50

56 14.89 15.97 17.82

The percentage increase in compressive strength is 15 to 25% and for the split tensile strength, it varies from 13 to
19% flexural strength from 15 to 21%.

M40 has the greatest percentage for 28 days and with an increase in days the strength decreases within the range of
2-4%

CONCLUSION

With the addition of glass fiber, the compression strength increases for both 28 and 56 days for various grades.

Glass fiber has a property of high water resistance and helps in the binding of micro-cracks due to tensile stress.

With the addition of glass fiber, it also helps in low thermal expansion under various climatic conditions.

It also reduces the creep with an increase in time.

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International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

Reduction of bleeding with the addition of glass fibers and it improves the homogeneity and improves the integrity.

The percentage increase of compressive strength for both 28 and 56 days is between 15-25%.

It also improves the tensile and flexural strength by 13-20%.

REFERENCES

ACI Committee 544. 1989. Measurement of Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete, (ACI 544.2R-889).
American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Ganesh Babu. K and Pavan Kumar. D. 2004. Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites. ICFRC
International Conference on Fiber Composites, High Performance Concretes and Smart Materials. 8-10
Jan.,Chennai.

Griffiths R. 2000. An assessment of the properties and degradation behavior of glass-fiber-reinforced polyester
polymer concrete. Composites Science and Technology.pp. 2747-2753.

Saint Gobain Vetrotex, Cem – Fil. 2002. Why Alkaline Resistant Glass Fibers. In Technical data sheets.
www.cemfil.com

Siva kumar, A. and Santhanam Manu. 2007. Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete Reinforced with
Metallic and Non-Metallic Fibers. Cement and Concrete Composites (29) pp. 603–608.

Perumalasamy N.Balaguru shah “ fiber reinforced cement composites .”

International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5, Number 3 (2014), pp. 281-284
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