Math Workbook Unit 02
Math Workbook Unit 02
and Equations 2
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Unit Overview
In this unit, you will create and solve linear equations and Why is it important to
inequalities from tables, graphs, and verbal descriptions. You will understand how to solve
represent equations and inequalities on number lines. linear equations and
inequalities?
Key Terms How can graphs be used to
As you study this unit, add these and other terms to your math interpret solutions of
notebook. Include in your notes your prior knowledge of each real-world problems?
word, as well as your experiences in using the word in different
mathematical examples. If needed, ask for help in pronouncing
new words and add information on pronunciation to your math
notebook. It is important that you learn new terms and use them
EMBEDDED ASSESSMENTS
correctly in your class discussions and in your problem solutions.
These assessments, following
Academic Vocabulary activities 6 and 7, will give you an
• palindrome opportunity to demonstrate how you
• media will use multiple representations to
write and solve linear equations and
Math Terms inequalities.
• property • numerical expression
© 2014 College Board. All rights reserved.
Embedded Assessment 1:
• numerical statement • variable Writing and Solving
• algebraic expression • algebraic statement Equations p. 65
• coefficient • constant Embedded Assessment 2:
• equation
Solving Inequalities p. 75
49
UNIT 2
Getting Ready
Write your answers on notebook paper. 3. Give 3 examples of integers which are
Show your work. a. greater than −2
b. less than or equal to 1
1. A car travels 50 miles per hour.
a. Complete the table below to show the 4. Tell 3 numbers that are less than 2 and
total distance traveled for each time greater than −1.
given. 5. Evaluate each of the following
Number of hours Total distance a. 23 b. 32 c. 3 + 4 × 2 d. 2 × 3 + 4
that have passed traveled
6. Write an algebraic expression to represent
1
each of the following.
2 a. a number increased by 7
3 b. 8 times a number
b. Plot the data from the table. c. 6 less than 3 times a number
c. If the car has traveled n hours, write 7. Two measures of two angles of a triangle are
an expression for the total distance 68° and 70°. Explain how to find the
traveled. measure of the third angle.
d. How far has the car traveled after
8. The Harris family is planning to buy a new
10 hours? Explain how you
46-inch HDTV that costs $488. Mr. and Mrs.
determined your answer.
Harris will pay $200 and their three sons will
2. Solve each equation below. split the remaining cost equally. Explain how
a. 3x = 12 to find the amount each of the boys will pay.
b. x + 5 = −4
c. 2x − 5 = 7
Some properties of operations are listed below. As you share ideas about
the information given in the table and throughout this lesson, ask your MATH TERMS
group members or your teacher for clarification of any language, terms, A property is a rule or statement
or concepts that you do not understand. that is always true.
© 2014 College Board. All rights reserved.
A numerical expression is an
Property Example expression that contains numbers
Additive Identity Property 12 + 0 = 0 + 12 = 12 and operations. For example, 12 + 0
Multiplicative Identity Property 5×1=1×5=5 and (10 × 5) × 3 expression that
contains numbers and operations.
Commutative Property of 7+3=3+7
A numerical statement is an
Addition
equation that sets two numerical
Commutative Property of 20 × 4 = 4 × 20 expressions equal. For example,
Multiplication 20 × 4 = 4 × 20.
Associative Property of (9 + 4) + 17 = 9 + (4 + 17)
Addition
Associative Property of (10 × 5) × 3 = 10 × (5 × 3)
Multiplication
Additive Inverse Property 6 + (−6) = 0
Multiplicative Inverse Property
4 ()
4 1 =1
My Notes
4. Reason abstractly. The first seven properties listed in the table on
the previous page are true for all numbers. The Multiplicative Inverse
Property is true for all numbers except 0. Why does 0 not have a
multiplicative inverse?
7. A hiker walked 2.75 miles directly east and then walked 2.75 miles
directly west. Use the Additive Inverse Property to explain why he
ends up back where he started.
You can illustrate the properties using algebraic expressions and equations.
Example A
Write an algebraic statement of the Commutative Property of
VOCABULARY MATH TERMS Multiplication.
A variable is a letter used in place Step 1: Choose a variable to represent the first number.
My Notes
Check Your Understanding
( ⋅ )⋅
c. 1 3 1 2 = 1 331122
2 3 2 ⋅( ( ⋅ ) )
33
© 2014 College Board. All rights reserved.
d. 18 + (−18) = 0
12. Write an algebraic statement to illustrate each of the following
properties. Use x, y, and z to represent the numbers.
a. Multiplicative Identity Property
b. Associative Property of Addition
c. Commutative Property of Multiplication
d. Additive Inverse Property
e. Additive Identity Property
f. Multiplicative Inverse Property
g. Commutative Property of Addition
h. Associative Property of Multiplication
My Notes
Learning Targets:
• Apply properties to factor and expand linear expressions.
• Rewrite expressions to see how the problem and quantities are related.
⋅
5(x + 2) = 5 x + 5 2 ⋅
Step 2: Simplify.
⋅ ⋅
Try These A
Use the Distributive Property to expand each expression.
a. 4(6 − 2) b. 7(2 + 5)
c. 6(a + 7) d. 3(4 − b)
My Notes
Example B
Use the Distributive Property to factor 12x − 18.
Step 1: Determine the greatest common factor of each term.
12x − 18
The greatest common factor of 12x and 18 is 6.
Step 2: Divide by the common factor.
12 x − 18
6 6
Divide both terms by 6.
Step 3: The greatest common factor, 6, is factored out of the terms
and is shown outside the parentheses with the quotients of
the division inside the parentheses.
Rewrite using parentheses.
6(2x − 3)
Solution: In factored form, 12x − 18 = 6(2x − 3).
Try These B
Use the Distributive Property to factor each expression.
a. 12 + 10 b. 18 − 6
c. 6x + 3y d. 2a − 10
e. 5x + 5 f. 12r − 24
Example C
Use the Distributive Property to simplify 5a + 3a.
Try These C
Use the Distributive Property to simplify each expression.
a. 6x + 9x b. 5b − 2b
c. 12d − 8d d. 3h + (−7h)
My Notes
1. Write an equivalent expression for 3(y − 6) + 4.
2. Construct viable arguments. Izzi thinks the two expressions
MATH TIP
2(2a − 1) + 3a and 7a − 2 are equivalent. His work is shown below.
The order of operations is a set of Is he correct? Why or why not? List the properties of operations and
rules for evaluating expressions the order of operations next to each step to justify your response.
with more than one operation. The 2(2a − 1) + 3a
order is as follows:
4a − 2 + 3a
1. Do calculations inside grouping 4a + 3a − 2
symbols first, beginning with (4 + 3) a − 2
the innermost set.
7a − 2
2. Evaluate expressions with
3. Naman and Ada disagree about how to find an equivalent expression
exponents.
for 2(4x − 3) + 6. Who is correct? How do you know? Use properties
3. Multiply or divide from left to of operations and the order of operations to justify your response.
right.
Naman Ada
4. Add or subtract from left to
right. 2(4x − 3) + 6 2(4x − 3) + 6
6 + 2(4x − 3) 8x − 6 + 6
8(4x − 3) 8x + 0
32x − 24 8x
Rewriting an expression in a different form can show how quantities are
MATH TIP related.
Remember that percent means
hundredths, so
85% = 85 = 0.85 and Example D
100
Use the Distributive Property to show that increasing an amount
7% = 7 = 0.07.
100 by 8% is the same as multiplying the amount by 1.08.
Step 1: Choose an amount.
My Notes
Try These D
a. Louisa wants to buy an online movie subscription that is on sale for
15% off. She writes the expression c − 0.15c to represent the cost of
the subscription. Rewrite this expression in a different form to show
what percent of the original price she will pay for the online movie
subscription. Then compare your expression with Louisa’s. How are
the expressions related? What does each expression tell you about
the problem situation?
b. The Rumpart family is building a new room onto their house. The
width of the new room will be 16 feet. The length of the room will
be 4% greater than the width. Write an expression to find the length
of the new room. What will be the area of this new room?
3w
© 2014 College Board. All rights reserved.
3n + 6
My Notes
4. Use the expression you wrote for Melody’s income to complete the
table. Show your work.
6. Melody has hired a new accountant. He has gathered her pay stubs
and is trying to determine how many CDs were sold during each
month of the previous year. Her pay stub for June indicates that she
made $4,889 in that month. Write an equation her accountant
could use to determine how many CDs were sold in June.
7. A photography studio charges a sitting fee of $50 and $10 per
enlargement ordered. Write an equation to represent the number
of enlargements ordered, n, if the total cost was $180.
8. Does it seem reasonable that 18 enlargements were ordered in
item 7? Explain.
My Notes
Learning Targets:
• Solve two-step equations.
• Solve real-world problems by writing an equation of the form
px + q = r.
SUGGESTED LEARNING STRATEGIES: Shared Reading, Marking the
Text, Work Backward, Note Taking, Self Revision/Peer Revision
Work with your group to answer all parts of item 1. As you discuss your
solutions, speak clearly and use precise mathematical language. Remember
to use complete sentences and words such as and, or, since, for example,
therefore, because of to make connections between your thoughts.
1. Melody’s friend Leena earns $15 per hour as a lab technician plus an
extra $300 per week for singing at a club on the weekend. MATH TIP
a. Write an equation to represent the number of hours, n, Leena Item 1 shows a problem solved
must work at the lab in a week to earn $720. algebraically using an equation
with a variable. This problem can
also be solved arithmetically. A
b. Which number from the set {26, 28, 30} is the number of hours possible arithmetic solution:
Leena must work? • Start with Leena’s total earnings:
$720.
and $75 per hour. Solve the equation 75h + 425 = 8000 to find the
maximum number of hours Melody can afford to spend in the
recording studio.
Step 1: Write an equation to represent the problem.
75h + 425 = 8000 MATH TIP
Step 2: Use inverse operations. Subtract 425 from both sides. You can graph the solution of an
75h + 425 − 425 = 8000 − 425 equation that has one variable on
a number line. For the graph of the
Step 3: Simplify both sides of the equation. solution to Example A, the number
75h = 7575 line would have a dot at 101.
Step 4: Use inverse operations. Divide both sides by 75.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
75h = 7575
75 75
Step 5: Simplify both sides of the equation.
1h = 101
Step 6: Use the Multiplicative Identity Property to isolate the variable.
h = 101
Solution: Melody can afford 101 hours of studio time.
Activity 6 • Writing and Solving Equations 61
ACTIVITY 6 Lesson 6-2
continued Solving Two-Step Equations
My Notes
Check the solution by substitution:
75(101) + 425 = 8000
7575 + 425 = 8000
8000 = 8000
The solution checks.
Try These A
Solve each equation below. Graph the solution to each equation on a
number line.
a. 12n + 6 = 78
b. 3x − 5 = 16
c. −8 = 2x + 4
d. 2y − 3 = −9
My Notes
Check Your Understanding
c. 8 − a = 17
9. Solve and then graph each solution on a number line.
a. 52 = 12 + 4w
b. −24 = −6p
10. The German Club is planning a ski trip. The club will pay $500
toward the trip from money they have earned selling candy, and each
member going on the trip will pay $115. If the trip costs $2,685, write
and solve an equation to find the number of club members going on
the trip.
11. Make use of structure. Explain the similarities and differences
between guess and check and the algebraic method for solving an
equation. Which method do you prefer? Why?
12. Write a problem in words that can represent this equation:
13x + 26 = 91
ACTIVITY 6 PRACTICE 9. Lacey and Chris solved the same equation, but
Write your answers on notebook paper. their solutions were different. Who is correct?
Show your work. Justify your response.
Lesson 6-1 Lacey Chris
20 + 8h = 180 20 + 8h = 180
1. Sam makes $400 per week plus $20
20 − 20 + 8h = 180 − 20 +20 +20
commission on each new cell phone plan she
8h = 160 8h = 200
sells. Write an equation to determine how
many new plans she sold to earn $680 last 8h = 160 8h = 200
8 8 8 8
week.
h = 20 h = 25
2. Eric has a dog-walking business. He charges
$13 per dog he walks and $6.00 for the water Jored and Sundai each want to buy a new HD movie
he buys for the dogs. If he made $97 on player. They go to Electronics Superstore and find a
Monday, write an equation to find the number HD movie player for $75.00. Electronics Superstore
of dogs he walked on Monday. offers different payment plans. Jored is going to pay
$15 now and then $7.50 per month. Sundai is going
3. In addition to dog walking, on Tuesday Eric to pay $12.50 per month.
made $45 dog sitting at one of his customer’s
homes. If he made $168 on Tuesday, write an 10. Write and solve an equation for each plan to
equation to find the number of dogs he walked show how many months it will take each
that day. person to pay the $75.00 for the HD movie
player.
4. Rena swims every day. She burns
approximately 10.6 calories per minute when 11. It will cost $285 to charter a bus for a class trip.
swimming and about 15 total calories warming The class treasurer says that there is $60 in the
up before she swims. Write an equation to find class treasury. The 20 students going on the
how many minutes Rena must swim to burn trip agree to make up the difference. Write and
205.8 calories. solve an equation to find how much each
student will pay.
5. A cell phone company charges $10 per month
for up to 500 text messages and $0.15 for each 12. A movie company sells DVDs on line. Each
Reasoning and • Precise use of appropriate • Adequate explanation of • Misleading or confusing • Incomplete or inaccurate
Communication math terms and language solutions to problems and explanation of solutions to explanation of solutions to
(Items 1c, 3) to explain solutions to the role of properties of problems and the role of problems and the role of
problems and the role of operations. properties of operations. properties of operations.
properties of operations.
Month Balance
0 $300
1
2
3
4
The bank will close the account if the balance falls below $50. To keep the
account open, the balance must be greater than or equal to $50.
4. Write an inequality to represent this situation.
5. Use the pattern in the table to find the last month the balance is $50
or greater.
My Notes
Inequalities can be used to represent many situations.
6. Think of a real life situation in which you might use terms such as
more than, less than, no more than, or no less than.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
10. Bailey can put x houses of his holiday miniature village on each of
7 shelves. He also has 10 houses displayed on his buffet. If he wants
to display at least 45 of his houses, how many houses must he put on
each of the 7 shelves? Write an inequality to represent this situation.
b. 280 − 4m < 8
My Notes
Check Your Understanding
f. Miranda is buying pencils and a writing pad for her adult writing
class. The writing pad she wants costs $3.50, and each pencil is
$0.15. She wants to spend no more than $5 in total for these items.
15. Write a problem situation for this inequality:
72 − 12a < 24
My Notes
Learning Targets:
• Solve two-step inequalities.
• Construct two-step inequalities to solve problems.
SUGGESTED LEARNING STRATEGIES: Think Aloud, Marking the
Text, Summarizing, Create Representations, Think-Pair-Share
Consider the set {5, 7, 9} and the inequality 6x − 8 < 46.
1. Without solving the inequality, how can you determine which
numbers from the set are solutions of the inequality?
My Notes
d. Based on your results and those of your classmates, what happens
in an inequality when both sides of the inequality are multiplied
by a negative number? What do you believe will happen when
both sides of the inequality are divided by a negative number?
To solve a two-step inequality you isolate the variable just as you did
when solving an equation. Remember to switch the inequality sign if you
multiply or divide by a negative number.
Example A
Solve 30 − 4x ≥ 5 and graph the solution on a number line.
Step 1: Original inequality 30 − 4x ≥ 5
Step 2: Subtract 30 from both sides. 30 − 30 − 4x ≥ 5 − 30
−4x ≥ −25
Step 3: Divide by −4 and reverse −4 x ≤ −25
the inequality. −4 −4
Solution: x ≤ 6.25. The inequality symbol means less than or equal to,
so 6.25 is part of the solution. This is shown by a filled-in
circle on 6.25 on the graph of the solution.
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Example B
MATH TIP
Solve 2x − 50 < −70 and graph the solution on a number line.
Notice in Example B that you did
© 2014 College Board. All rights reserved.
–20 –10 0 10 20
My Notes
Try These A-B
Solve each inequality algebraically and graph your solution on a
number line.
a. −5x + 7 > 22
b. 2x + 6 ≥ 16
c. −3(x + 5) < −21
d. 11x − 12 > 21
Example C
Joanne must complete a 4-question math quiz in 90 seconds or less. If
she spends 30 seconds on the first question, what is the greatest amount
of time on average she can spend on each of the remaining 3 questions?
Write and solve an inequality to solve the problem. Then graph the
solution and interpret the graph in the context of the problem.
Step 1: Write an inequality to represent the situation.
Let t represent the average amount of time in seconds for
each of the remaining 3 questions.
–10 0 10 20 30
My Notes
Try These C
Interpret each graph.
a. This graph shows the range in temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit
during a day in February.
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
10. Solve each of the following inequalities algebraically. Graph the solutions on number lines.
a. 3x − 15 < 120 b. 9x − 6 + 3x > 42
c. 7(x − 1) ≤ 35 d. −3x + 4 ≥ −23
11. Falana has $192 in her savings account. Since she is not using the account, the bank charges a monthly
fee of $5. The bank will close the account when the balance goes below $50. Write and solve an
inequality to find how many months until the bank closes Falana’s account.
12. Compare and contrast the solutions of 2x − 4 > 6 and 2x − 4 = 6.
13. Write a short note to a friend explaining when to reverse the inequality sign when you are solving
an inequality.
14. Solve each of the following inequalities 17. Consider the inequality 2x + 3 ≤ −3. Find the
algebraically. Graph the solutions on number set of all integer solutions of this inequality that
lines. are also solutions of the inequality 5x − 2 < 3.
a. 2x − 50 > 75 b. 15x + 20 > 50 18. Compare and contrast solving equations and
c. −4x + 10 < 26 d. 3x + 70 − 7x ≥ 18 inequalities and their solutions.
e. 18 ≤ −6x − 30 f. 4(x + 2) > 60
g. 2x + 6x − 9 < 39 19. Nilsa is working on a 60-minute math test.
There are 20 questions on the test. If it takes
15. Model with mathematics. Arianna’s mom her 20 minutes to complete 12 of the
deposits $80 in her lunch money account. questions, what is the greatest amount of time
Lunch costs $2.50 per day. Write and solve on average she can spend on each of the
an inequality to determine when there will be remaining 8 questions?
less than $20 in the account. a. Write an inequality for the problem
16. Give three solutions of the inequality situation and solve it.
5x − 2 > 7. b. Graph the solution.
c. Interpret the graph in the context of the
problem.
Problem Solving • An appropriate and • A strategy that may include • A strategy that results in • No clear strategy when
(Items 3, 4a, 4c) efficient strategy that unnecessary steps but some incorrect answers. solving problems.
results in a correct answer. results in a correct answer. • Difficulty interpreting the • No understanding of
• A correct and complete • A correct interpretation of solution to an inequality. interpreting an inequality
interpretation of the the solution to an or its solution.
solution to an inequality. inequality.
Mathematical • A clear and accurate • Some difficulty in • Difficulty in writing • No understanding of
Modeling / representation of a representing situations as inequalities leading to representing situations as
Representations situation as an inequality. inequalities. errors. inequalities.
(Items 1a-b, 2, 3, 4a-b) • Accurate and precise • Correct graphing of an • Some errors in graphing • Incomplete or inaccurate
graphing of an inequality. inequality. inequalities graphing of inequalities.
Reasoning and • Precise use of appropriate • Adequate explanation of • Misleading or confusing • Incomplete or inaccurate
Communication math terms and language solutions to inequalities. explanation of solutions to explanation of solutions to
(Items 2, 4b-c) to explain solutions of • Writing a situation to inequalities. inequalities.
inequalities. match an inequality. • Writing a situation that • An inaccurately written
• Clear and accurate writing partially matches an situation to match an
of a situation to match an inequality. inequality.
inequality.