Group 1 Thesis

PNC:PRE-FO-66 rev.
0 03082023 / Page 1 of 4
Republic of the Philippines

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
(UNIVERSITY OF CABUYAO)
Planning, Research, and Extension Division
Research and Development Department
Katapatan Mutual Homes, Brgy. Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025
PROPOSED STUDENT RESEARCH TOPICS

Group No. 1 Program: Bachelor of Secondary
Education Major In Social
Studies
Group Leader Laurora Ma. Lowelyn P.
Group Members Gnilo, Alexander A.
Laviña, John Carl B.
Tolentino, Christian T.
Proposed Research Dr. Edgardo C. Salazar

Adviser
Date Submitted March 02, 2024
Proposed Research No 01
Title GENDER INCLUSIVITY AND SENSE OF BELONGING AMONG LGBTQIA + STUDENTS OF
UNIVERSITY OF CABUYAO
Brief Description (establish
the rationale of the study, Rationale of the Study
research objectives, The study aims to explore the experiences of LGBTQIA+ students at the University of
locale, target respondents, Cabuyao. It seeks to understand the challenges they face, their sense of belonging,
and method of data and the impact of gender inclusivity on their academic success and overall well-
collection) being. By examining these aspects, the research intends to contribute to a more
inclusive and supportive educational environment for LGBTQIA+ students.
Research Objectives
The objectives of the study are as follows.
1. To assess the level of gender inclusivity. The study will evaluate the university’s
policies, programs, and practices related to LGBTQIA+ inclusion.
2. To examine the sense of belonging. Researchers will investigate how
LGBTQIA+ students perceive their place within the university community.
3. To identify challenges. The study will uncover specific challenges faced by
LGBTQIA+ students, such as discrimination, isolation, or lack of support.
4. To explore coping mechanisms. Researchers will explore how students
navigate these challenges and find ways to cope.
5. To propose recommendations. Based on findings, the study will suggest
strategies to enhance gender inclusivity and foster a stronger sense of belonging.
Research Locale
The study will be conduct at the University of Cabuyao, located in the Katapatan
Homes Brgy. Banay-Banay Cabuyao City, Laguna. This locale was chosen due to its
diverse student population and relevance to the research topic.
Target Respondents
The primary respondents will be selected LGBTQIA+ students currently enrolled at the
University of Cabuyao.
Method of Data Collection

Researchers will use a survey questionnaire that will be distributed to selected
LGBTQIA+ students will use 4 point likert scale for the instrument
For PFS, please describe
the market information
Alignment with Research ☐ Biodiversity and Environment Conservation
Agenda ☐ Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Livelihood
☐ Food Safety and Security
☐ Gender and Well-being
☐ High Governance
☐ Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology
PNC:PRE-FO-66 rev.0 03082023 / Page 2 of 4

☐ Quality Education
☐ Teaching strategies and initiative
Theoretical Drive Please check the research design you will use to accomplish the objectives.
☐ Qualitative Research Design ☐ Quantitative Research Design

☐ Phenomenological ☐ Descriptive Research
☐ Ethnographic ☐ Survey Research.
☐ Grounded theory ☐ Correlational Research
☐ Historical ☐ Quasi-experimental
☐ Case study ☐ Experimental Research
☐ Narrative Research ☐ Others, please specify
☐ Others, please specify
☐ Mix-Methods Research
☐ Convergent Parallel
☐ Explanatory Sequential
☐ Exploratory Sequential
☐ Embedded Design
☐ Transformative Design
☐ Multiphase Design
Methods Please check the methods of analysis you will use to accomplish the objectives.
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
☐ Qualitative Research Methods ☐ Quantitative Research Methods

☐ Observations ☐ Online Surveys
☐ Interviews ☐ Paper Surveys
☐ Focus Group Discussions ☐ Questionnaires
☐ Open-ended survey ☐ Longitudinal surveys
☐ Secondary research ☐ Others, please specify
RESEARCH METHODS OF ANALYSIS
☐ Qualitative Data Analysis ☐ Quantitative Data Analysis

☐ Content analysis ☐ Descriptive Statistics
☐ Thematic analysis ☐ Inferential Statistics
☐ Textual analysis ☐ Others, please specify
☐ Discourse analysis
Journal References (at 1. In higher education institutions, fostering a sense of inclusion and belonging is
least 15 local and crucial for students’ learning and personal growth. Learners who belong to non-
international journal majority identities such as racial/ethnic minorities, LGTBQ+ individuals, those with
references). disabilities, and first- generation students are more susceptible to experiencing
feelings of isolation and unwelcomeness. (Steven D. Taff, & Maribeth Clifton August
5,2022)

2. They examined belongingness because of its strong link to student retention and
persistence. A stronger sense of belonging positively impacts retention rates. (ASEE
Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings Jun 25 2023)
3. In higher education institutions, LGBTQ+ students from diverse ethnic backgrounds

encounter significant marginalization due to the intersections of their identities.( May
31, 2023)
4. Students who identify as part of the LGBTQI+ spectrum require additional support
and protection to thrive in education and achieve their full potential.This
discrimination puts them at risk of isolation, hindered academic performance, and
potential physical and mental harm, aligning with Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial
development. ( 20 December 2021)
5. In educational settings, LGBTQ students often encounter unsafe

environments characterized by negative or hostile climates. These students face
bullying and discrimination based on their sexual orientation and gender identity
such experiences can significantly impact the well-being of LGBTQ students. (Policy
Insights Behav Brain Sci. 2021 Oct.)
6. Because of their social vulnerability and their poor standing in social

hierarchies, such youth may experience bullying, violence, and other forms of
harassment at school. With a good deal of consistency, research seems to show that
LGTBQ youth have increased risks of school victimization (Toomey & Russell, 2016;
White, Moeller, Ivcevic, Brackett, & Stern, 2018).
7. The years spent in middle and high school can be challenging for lesbian,
gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning students. Society often shames
those who deviate from traditional gender expectations (Saxe, 2017),
8. LGBT persons as victims who are paralyzed and abject, and as people
whose lives have been ruined by homophobia and heterosexism (Okanlawon,
2015).(April 11,2020)
9. Given the proportion of time that LGBT students spend in school, school
based programs are one means of addressing these disparities (Johns, Poteat, et al.,
2019).(K. Ann Sondag , Andrew G. Johnson & Mary E. Parrish)(July 13 2020)
10. We begin by documenting the spread and impact of LGBT inclusive policies,
including LGBT policies directly related to education. We then use the policy diffusion
and public opinion literature to provide a framework for discussing how policy
diffuses across sectors and influences LGB students’ experiences. (Xavier Fields &
Christine Min Wotipka) (September 24, 2020).

Title: CAREER CROSSROADS: A CLOSER LOOK AT SECONDARY EDUCATION GRADUATES
JOB MISMATCH
Brief Description (establish Rationale of the Study
the rationale of the study, This study aims to explore the reasons behind job mismatches, shedding light on the
research objectives, disconnect between graduates’ qualifications and the skills demanded by their
locale, target respondents, positions.
and method of data
collection) Research Objectives
1. To assess the alignment between the skills imparted to Secondary Education
graduates and the actual job demands in the country.
2. To identify gaps in the current educational programs and explore ways to
bridge them.
3. To enhance employability by upskilling and reskilling graduates to meet

industry requirements.
Research Locale
The study focuses in Cabuyao, where secondary education graduates who who
face challenges in securing suitable employment.
Target Respondents
The study involves surveying Secondary Graduates of University of Cabuyao, to

gather insights into their experiences, job-seeking efforts, and employment
outcomes.
Administer interviews with semi- structured guide questions to graduates to assess

their job satisfaction, alignment with qualifications, and perceived skill gaps.

☐ High Governance
☐ Teaching strategies and initiative


☐ Ethnographic ☐ Survey Research.
☐ Embedded Design


Journal References (at

least 15 local and 1.A recent study published by the Philippine InstituteforDevelopment Studies (PIDS)
international journal highlighted the scale of education-jobmismatches in the country when it showed
references).

that 39%of employedPinoys are ‘over educated while a quarter of

themare“undereducated.”(March 04, 2022)
2. The study’s findings regarding the Philippine labor market revealthat 39% of
employed individuals are overeducated, whilemorethana quarter are
undereducated. Interestingly, thosewhoareovereducated earn only 5% more for
each additional yearofschooling beyond the required years, whereas the
returnsfortherequired years of schooling range from7%to 19%. (Melchor,Monica M.
Jan 20, 2022)
3. According to the Labor Force Survey released by thePhilippineStatistics Authority

(PSA), unemployment improvedto7.8%compared to 10.4% in 2020 but has not fully
recoveredtopre-pandemic levels. (March 04, 2022)
4. To foster equal opportunities for all potential employees, thegovernment should

prioritize accessible access to development andemployment opportunities.
Employers, in turn, must engageinunbiased hiring practices based on skills and
competencies, whilealso recognizing the evolving values of employees. (J.Puckett,
LeilaHoteit, Sergei Perapechka, Ekaterina Loshkareva, andGulnara Bikkulova
January 15, 2020)
5. “Students would benefit from improved career guidancethatassists them in

identifying their unique skills andattributes.Additionally, they require support in
understandinghowtheseabilities align with various career paths.
6. the higher education degree is a signal for higher qualificationmotivating

employers to pay more to university graduateswithoutconsidering their productivity.
(Garcia-Mainar and Montuenga2019)
7. According to Neycheva, Mariya 2021 claimthat inaneconomywhere companies

with different productivity levels co-exist, thelesseffective ones might hire the over-
skilled labor, thus not allowingforthat labor to be efficiently utilized by more
productive companies
8. “In the Philippines, a significant challenge arisesfromthemismatch between job

opportunities and qualifiedjobseekers.According to a recent study by the
PhilippineInstituteforDevelopment Studies (PIDS), 40% of employed
Filipinosholdacademic qualifications beyond the requirements of their jobs.
(BooChanco June 23,2023)
9. Education-job mismatches, especially overeducationorvertical mismatch, are

generally found to lower theworker’sjobsatisfaction, which may generate the
counter-productivebehaviors,such as high rates of absenteeism and turnover
indevelopedcountries. (Vichet Sam March 23,2020)
10. The transition from school to work places a burdenonboththe education system
and the labor market, and their relationshipdetermines the smoothness of this
transition. Closelylinkededucational programs smooth the school-to-work
transition(Rözer&Van de Werfhorst, 2020).
11. "Job-skills mismatch in the country is a hugeproblemstemming from years of

disconnect. It is largely contributorytounemployment and underemployment in the
Philippines, whichprevents us from fully maximizing the potential of our
youngworkforce. Employers are hiring and many vacanciesremainunfilled. Yet many
people still have the difficultyfindingjobs,”(March 2, 2023)

12. Moreover, the high youth unemployment rates pushmanyyoung university

graduates to accept jobs that are poorlyrelatedto their qualifications or skills. (Cecilia
Albert, MariaA. DaviaandNuria Legazpe September 21, 2021)
13. Proponents say the tracks will prepare graduatesfor eithercollege, employment,
or entrepreneurship, but critics fear it couldlead to higher dropout rates, among other
problems.(ChrisSchnabel June 13,2016).
15. According to JobStreet, creating a precise anddetailedjobdescription is crucial

for reducing mismatches. Employersshouldclearly outline the required skills,
qualifications, andjobresponsibilities to attract qualified candidates
andpreventmisunderstandings among jobseekers.
Title VOICE OF RESILIENCE: UNDERSTANDING POVERTY’SIMPACTON YOUTH ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE
Brief Description (establish
the rationale of the study, Rationale of the Study
research objectives,
locale, target respondents, The study aims to delve into the intricate relationship betweenpovertyand its effects
and method of data on the academic performance of youngindividuals.Poverty is a multifaceted issue
collection) that significantly influencesvariousaspects of a student’s educational journey. By
understandingthesedynamics, educators and policymakers can develop targeted
interventions to mitigate the impact of poverty on learning outcomes.
Research Objectives
1. To investigate how socioeconomic status affects theoverallacademic

achievement among youth.
2. To uncover the specific challenges faced by studentsfromeconomically

disadvantaged backgrounds.
3. To propose evidence-based strategies to address thedisparitiescaused by poverty

and enhance educational resilience.
Research Locale
The study focuses on the Riverside Zone San Isidro CabuyaoCity,Laguna, a specific
community or area within a larger context it serves as the backdrop for examining
poverty’seffectsonyouth academic performance.
Target Respondents
The primary focus will be on Senior High Students whoexperiencepoverty. These

students represent diverse backgrounds and attend schools within the designated
locale.
Researchers will conduct interviews with semi- structureinterviewwithguide questions.

These interviews will provide insightsintotheirexperiences, challenges, and coping
strategies. Researchersobserved and interacted with participants in their natural
settingssuchas schools or community centers this approach allowedfor
adeeperunderstanding of their daily lives and resilience.


☐ High Governance
☐ Teaching strategies and initiative Education

☐ Ethnographic ☒ Survey Research.
☐ Embedded Design



Journal References (at

least 15 local and 1. A midst the growing number of students raisedinpoverty,educators must recognize
international journal the impact of poverty on student behaviorand learning capacity within the
references). classroom. Poverty has emergedasasignificant factor influencing academic
achievement in schoolstoday.(BU Journal of Graduate Studies in Education, 2019)
2. Providing students raised in poverty a safe place wheretheyfeelsupported and

safe will ensure that their needs are beingmet andwill,in turn, raise student
achievement (Budge & Parrett, 2018)
3. Inputs of money or technology meant to "push" the rural poor outofpoverty have
been largely successful, but they have alsooccasionallyfailed unpredictably with
grave ecological and social repercussionsthat can make poverty worse.(Steven J.
Lade, L. JamilaHaider,Gustav Engström, Maja Schlüter May 3, 2017)
4. According to the findings, personal agency and familyresourcesfully moderate the

impact of poverty on academic achievement at thehousehold level, while only
partially mediating its effect onbehavioralperformance.(Ting Ge, Steven Sek-yum
Ngai March 23,2020)
5. While the review does point out several advantages of resilience, such as its
capacity to support an integrated strategy, it alsodemonstrates some significant
drawbacks. Specifically, it isnot apro-poor idea in that it does not only apply to or
help the impoverished. Building resilience therefore cannot take the placeof
reducingpoverty. (Christophe Béné, Andrew J. Newsham, MarkDavies,Martina Ulrichs
March 2014).
6. The modern world is full of dangers and obstacles. Peoplewillencounter numerous

issues if they do not armthemselveswiththerequired skills. Psychologists in the twenty-
first century havecometothe conclusion that people should focus their mental
energiesonthegood things in life. (Shengli Yang, Weirong Wang 26 January2022).
7. A number of mediatory factors, including students' perceptionsofstress, school

involvement, and psychological well being, havebeenshown to influence resilience
and academic achievement. Academicperformance has been shown to be
improved by treatmentsandprograms centered on resilience.(Melvin Angeles
February2021).
8. According to Lane (Citation2020), psychological well-beingishighlypredicted

when emerging adulthood is viewed as a periodof negativityand instability.
Subjective well-being can be enhanced by encouragingsocial group engagement
and character qualities(AgnesAu, NerinaJane Caltabiano, Oleg Vaksman 21 May
2023).
9. Academic resilience refers to a student's capacity toeffectivelymanage

academic obstacles, stress, and deadline pressure. Inthecurrent environment, both
in schools and in society, pupilsaredealingwith numerous issues. Students will
experience pressureandstressifsufficient measures are not made to assist in
resolvingtheseissues.(Kalaivani .D July 2021).

10. The many coping mechanisms these pupils employedtosuccessfully navigate life's
stresses and succeed academically. Asaresult, the study was created with the girls'
opinions onresilienceinmind, giving them the chance to talk about their
experiencessucceeding in school. (Delestre, Niccole R. August 26, 2016).
11. Scholars demonstrate how children living in povertyhaveenvironmental and

neurological effects on their brains, resultinginalterations related to language,
memory, socioemotional, andexecutive functioning abilities.(First Advisor. Larson,
Susan2021).

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PNC:PRE-FO-66 rev.

Republic of the Philippines

PROPOSED STUDENT RESEARCH TOPICS

Proposed Research Dr. Edgardo C. Salazar

Method of Data Collection

Republic of the Philippines

☐ Qualitative Research Design ☐ Quantitative Research Design

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

☐ Qualitative Research Methods ☐ Quantitative Research Methods

RESEARCH METHODS OF ANALYSIS

☐ Qualitative Data Analysis ☐ Quantitative Data Analysis

Republic of the Philippines

3. In higher education institutions, LGBTQ+ students from diverse ethnic backgrounds

5. In educational settings, LGBTQ students often encounter unsafe

6. Because of their social vulnerability and their poor standing in social

Republic of the Philippines

3. To enhance employability by upskilling and reskilling graduates to meet

The study involves surveying Secondary Graduates of University of Cabuyao, to

Method of Data Collection

Administer interviews with semi- structured guide questions to graduates to assess

For PFS, please describe

Republic of the Philippines

☐ Qualitative Research Design ☐ Quantitative Research Design

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

☐ Qualitative Research Methods ☐ Quantitative Research Methods

RESEARCH METHODS OF ANALYSIS

☐ Qualitative Data Analysis ☐ Quantitative Data Analysis

Journal References (at

Republic of the Philippines

that 39%of employedPinoys are ‘over educated while a quarter of

3. According to the Labor Force Survey released by thePhilippineStatistics Authority

4. To foster equal opportunities for all potential employees, thegovernment should

5. “Students would benefit from improved career guidancethatassists them in

6. the higher education degree is a signal for higher qualificationmotivating

7. According to Neycheva, Mariya 2021 claimthat inaneconomywhere companies

8. “In the Philippines, a significant challenge arisesfromthemismatch between job

9. Education-job mismatches, especially overeducationorvertical mismatch, are

11. "Job-skills mismatch in the country is a hugeproblemstemming from years of

Republic of the Philippines

12. Moreover, the high youth unemployment rates pushmanyyoung university

15. According to JobStreet, creating a precise anddetailedjobdescription is crucial

The objectives of the study are as follows.

1. To investigate how socioeconomic status affects theoverallacademic

2. To uncover the specific challenges faced by studentsfromeconomically

3. To propose evidence-based strategies to address thedisparitiescaused by poverty

The primary focus will be on Senior High Students whoexperiencepoverty. These

Method of Data Collection

Researchers will conduct interviews with semi- structureinterviewwithguide questions.

Republic of the Philippines

For PFS, please describe

☐ Qualitative Research Design ☐ Quantitative Research Design

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

☐ Qualitative Research Methods ☐ Quantitative Research Methods

Republic of the Philippines

RESEARCH METHODS OF ANALYSIS

☐ Qualitative Data Analysis ☐ Quantitative Data Analysis

Journal References (at

2. Providing students raised in poverty a safe place wheretheyfeelsupported and