USE OF ENGLISH PRACTICE

Word Formation: Use the word in brackets to form a new word that fits in each
space.
Many students in Britain take a gap year from full-time (1) EDUCATION (EDUCATE)
between leaving school and going to a university. Some take on jobs in shops, hotels or
restaurants for a few months, in order to earn enough for an (2) EXTENTION (EXTEND)
holiday. Backpacking is a very popular and (3)ADVENTUROUS (ADVENTURE) but also
cheap option because many students can only afford to travel on local buses and trains and
stay in hostels. Australia and New Zealand, as well as India and Thailand, are (4)
FAVOURITE (FAVOUR) backpacking destinations, Unpaid work on educational or (5)
ENVIROMENTAL (ENVIRONMENT) projects is another option. Opportunities range from (6)
HELPING (HELP) out in school classrooms to working in hospitals far away from home.
There are (7) NUMEROUS (NUMBER) organisations that make (8) ARRANGEMENTS
(ARRANGE) for those who are interested , both at home and overseas. However, while
universities view a gap year as an (9) UNNECESARY (NECESSARY) break from study,
other people feel that it provides students with (10)VALUABLE (VALUE) skills. To potential
(11) EMPLOYERS (EMPLOY) a gap year can look good on a CV. They can see that you
have spent time on (12) BROADENING (BROAD) your horizon and that your experiences
have increased your (13) CONFIDENCE (CONFIDENT) in working with people and that you
are ready to take on (14) RESPONSIBILITY (RESPONSIBLE). The (15) POSSIBILITY
(POSSIBLE) of taking some time off, however, has also become popular with people
between 25 and 35 , who decide that they need a break from their career, travel the world, or
do further studies in another (16) PROFESSIONAL (PROFESSION) field.

Read the text about Indian society. Think of ONE word that fits into each blank.
A large part of Indian socie ty still lives in a system dominated (1) BY castes. A caste is a
social class (2) THAT every Indian is born into. There are a few thousand castes in India and
(3) EACH one of them has their own traditions and customs. Once a person is born into a
caste they cannot get out or marry someone from a (4) DIFFERENT caste. Castes have
existed throughout Indian history and (5) ALTHOUGH they are based on Hindu beliefs, other
religions live in castes too. The caste system tells people which jobs they can have and with
which people they can have contact. The caste system is based (6) ON four major classes.
At the top are the Brahmins or priests. Below (7) THEM are rulers, kings, soldiers and other
people who work in the government. Then come bankers, businessmen and traders. At the
bottom of the caste system are normal workers and farmers. Each caste has certain rights
and privileges. Everyone, (8) FOR example, can get food from a Brahmin, but a priest
himself is thought to be polluted if he receives food from a person of a (9) LOWER caste. A
large group of people, (10) CALLED untouchables, live outside the caste system.
Untouchables are often homeless people who live on the streets and (11) UNDER bridges.
They do work that nobody (12) ELSE does and are often excluded in Hindu ceremonies.
They are not allowed to drink water from a public fountain for fear of polluting the water for
others. Although the caste system is (13) NOT longer officially allowed, it still exists,
especially in the rural areas of India.
TRANSFORMATIONS

1. Maria and I have similar interests. (COMMON)

I have a lot in common with Maria.
2. She organised the event on her own (BY).
She organised the event all by herlsef.
3. I went for a run this morning in spite of the heavy rain. (HEAVILY)
I went for a run even though it was raining heavily this morning.
4. He hasn’t recovered from his illness yet. (OVER)
He hasn’t got over his illness yet.
5. John will get a better job soon. (PROMOTED)
John will be promoted soon.
6. Could you give me a lift? (WONDERING)
I was wondering if you could give me a lift.
7. Perhaps he can solve the problem. (MIGHT)
He might be able to solve the problem.
8. He said he wanted a job (LOOKING).
He said he was looking for a job.
9. How long has he been a musician? (BECOME)
When did he become a musician?
10.Did they have fun at the party? (ENJOY)
Did they enjoy themselves at the party?
11.You won’t be forced to buy anything. (MAKE)
Nobody will make you buy anything.
12.Our trip to the skiing resort lasted five hours. (TOOK)
It took us five hours to get to the skiing resort.
13.Could I borrow your motorcycle? (MIND)
Would you mind lending me your motorcycle?
14.I can’t be a pilot because my eyesight is not good enough. (WERE)
If my eyesight were better, I would be a pilot.
15.Brexit will not affect our company. (EFFECT)
Brexit will not have any effect on our company.
MORE PRACTICE- NOVEMBER / DECEMBER
Complete the text global warming with the words from the box. There are TWO words
you will not need.
alternative atmosphere average coal diseases
droughts electricity engine environmental escape
gases glaciers polar surface transport
wind

In the 1980s, scientists found out that the (1) _______________ temperature of the Earth is
rising. Today, global warming is increasing because more and more (2) _______________
are released into the atmosphere, which functions like a greenhouse. Light from the sun
enters the atmosphere, is transformed into heat and cannot (3) _______________. For a
long time we didn’t care about greenhouse gases. This changed when people started using
more and more energy in the form of fossil fuels, like (4) _______________, gas and oil. We
burn this energy to power factories, run our cars , produce (5) _______________ and heat
our homes. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cutting down
the world’s forests has also led to climate change. Effects of global warming Scientists have
different opinions about how warm the earth’s (6) _______________ may get. The increase
in temperatures could range from 1.5° to 6° C by 2100. Warmer weather will make ice caps
and (7) _______________ melt. Sea levels could rise dramatically. Extreme weather
situations, like floods, (8) _______________ and damaging stormhwill also be more
common. People in colder regions might welcome warmer weather but those who live in
regions that are already hot may suffer from new (9) _____________. At the same time
some animals may not survive because they cannot adapt to the new environment. They
could travel to other places in order to live there. Reducing global warming Finding a solution
to solve the world's biggest (10) _______________ problem is not an easy task. Although
we need energy to make our economy grow there are things that could be done to fight this
problem. Carpools or travelling by public (11) _______________ could take many cars off
the roads. You could turn off lights, TV sets, computers and other electrical items if you don't
need them. Companies have been spending a lot of money to produce things that use little
energy. We also need to use more (12) _______________ energy, like sunlight, (13)
_______________ power or wave power. Car companies have started to produce a new
type of car known as hybrids. It works like an electric car but also has a small petrol (14)
_______________ .
Read the text about how mobile phones have changed our lives. Think of ONE word
that fits into each blank.
Some time ago, if we wanted to call someone, we had to be at home to do so. There were
public phones in the street, but it was often difficult to find (1) _________________ that was
working. Sometimes there were long queues before it was your turn to use them. In addition,
you had to bring a lot of coins to (2) _____________ for the calls. As a result, people didn't
phone their friends as often (3) _________ they do today. Today's mobile phones allow us to
talk with friends and family (4) _____________ we are on the move. They (5)
_____________ dramatically changed the life we lead. Before the age of the mobile phone,
parents would sit around worried when their children would be coming home. There (6)
_____________ no quick calls to say that there would be more guests for dinner. We left
notes on fridges or desks to communicate messages. However, mobile phones have also
had a negative (7) _____________ on our lives. We often don't realize that we have lost
something very valuable: our privacy. Today, our friends and family can get in (8)
_____________ with us wherever and whenever they want to. We can never get (9)
_____________ from them. The way people communicate with (10) _____________ other is
completely different now. It's not so easy to sit in a café and have a casual conversation
without (11) _____________ interrupted by a phone call every few minutes. Most people
don't see anything wrong in having a long conversation on their mobile phone while
forgetting about the person they are sitting (12) _____________ to. A solution would be to
leave our mobile phones at home or turn them (13) _____________ completely. But nobody
does that. Most people are (14) _____________ of missing something important if they don't
have their phones with them at all times.

Word Formation: Use the word in brackets to form a new word that fits in each
space.
European (1) ______________________ (TRADE) brought the first slaves from Africa to the
new colonies in the 1600s. After (2) ______________________ (ARRIVE) in the New World,
they were bought by white masters and had to work on large cotton and tobacco farms in the
South. They didn’t get any money for their work and (3) ______________________ (LIFE)
conditions were very bad. The economy of the South was (4) ______________________
(DEPEND) on slaves. Slave work was very difficult. Most women cooked, cleaned the house
and raised the children of their white masters. Men were trained to be carpenters or masons.
Most of them, however, were farm (5) ______________________ (LABOUR) who planted
and harvested crops. Not all Blacks in America were slaves. “Free Blacks” lived and worked
in big American cities but they had very few rights. Expressing (6)
______________________ (POLITICS) views, carrying guns and (7)
______________________ (MEET) with white people was forbidden. Americans in the
northern states thought that (8) ______________________ (SLAVE) shouldn’t be allowed in
a free country. As time went on more and more people joined in the fight to liberate slaves.
These (9) ______________________ (ABOLISH) helped slaves escape to the North
through secret routes. This system was called the Underground Railway. In 1860 Abraham
Lincoln won the (10) ______________________ (ELECT) and became President of the
United States. He was (11) ______________________ (STRONG) against slavery. Many
southern states withdrew from the union and formed their own country – the Confederate
States of America. It was the beginning of the Civil War, which lasted until 1865.

Fill in the correct form of the verb given.

1. _______________________ the latest news? – The president
___________________________ that he _____________________ to resign next summer.
– That's not new. I _____________________ that for ages! (YOU HEAR, JUST
ANNOUNCE, PLAN, KNOW)
2. When she came home her two boys _____________________ football in the backyard.
(PLAY)
3. He _____________________ in hospital for a few days and the doctor said he
_____________________ come home on Monday. (BE, BE ABLE TO)
4. The whole family _____________________ a few days ago and
_____________________ with us until next Monday. (ARRIVE, STAY)
5. I _____________________ to call you all morning. Where _____________________?
(TRY, YOU BE)
6. We _____________________ enough money if everyone gives us €5. (HAVE)
7. There _________________ a very good documentary on TV last night. –
_____________________ it? No, I _____________________ for my exam all night. (BE,
YOU SEE, STUDY)
8. When I came back to the office, I saw that someone _________________________
through my belongings. (SEARCH)
9. I'm so sorry that I _____________________ to leave your party so early because I
_____________________ myself. (HAVE, REALLY ENJOY)
10.You're finally here. I ________________________ in your office for over 15 minutes.
(WAIT)
11.We _____________________ in Spain while our friends _____________________
across Europe. (BACKPACK, CYCLE)
12.John Grisham is a famous author who _____________________ several thrillers. His
latest book _____________________ out a few months ago. (WRITE, COME)
13.After she _____________________ holiday impressions of Scotland, she
_____________________ to go there immediately. (SEE, WANT)
14.At the moment she _____________________ a hard time dealing with the children. They
_____________________ so difficult to handle recently. (HAVE, BECOME)
15.You look worried. _____________________________? (ANYTHING HAPPEN) 16.Do
you realise that you _____________________ on my toe. It hurts. (STAND)