Practical No.

1
Submit the profile summary of a successful entrepreneur including
milestone Achievements

Shiv Nadar
Shiv Nadar (born 14 July 1945) is an Indian billionaire industrialist and philanthropist.[3] He
is the founder and chairman of HCL and the Shiv Nadar Foundation. Nadar founded HCL in
the mid-1970s and transformed the IT hardware company into an IT enterprise over the next
three decades by constantly reinventing his company's focus. In 2008, Nadar was
awarded Padma Bhushan for his efforts in the IT industry.Nadarnicknamed by friends
as Magus (Old Persian for "wizard") since the mid-1990s has focused his efforts on
developing the educational system of India through the Shiv nadar Foundation

Career
The initial enterprise which Nadar and his partners began was Micro comp, a company which
focused on selling teledigital calculators in the Indian market. HCL was founded in 1976,
with an investment of Rs. 187,000.
In 1980, HCL ventured into the international market with the opening of Far East Computers
in Singapore to sell IT hardware. The venture reported Rs 1 million revenue in the first year
and continued to address the Singapore operations Nadar remained the largest shareholder
without retaining any management control.
Awards and

Early life And education

Nadar studied at Town Higher Secondary School, Kumbakonam. Also, studied in Elango
Corporation Higher Secondary School, Madurai. He was admitted into the first form (Sixth
Standard) in June 1955 and continued his education in Town High School until June 1957.
Later, he joined St. Joseph Boys Higher Secondary School, Trichy, and completed high
school education here. Nadar received a pre-university degree in the American College,
Madurai] and a degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from PSG College of
Technology, Coimbatore.
 Milestone

 Today, he chairs HCL Technologies, an $9.7 billion (revenue) company that is one of India's
largest software services providers.
 In December 2018, HCL Technologies agreed to buy some software products from IBM for
$1.8 billion.
 HCL Technologies, which employs 149,000 people in 45 countries worldwide, hires high
school grads and trains them on the job.
 One of India's leading philanthropists, Nadar has donated $662 million to his Shiv Nadar
Foundation, which backs education-related causes.

Awards and accolades

 In 2008, the government of India awarded Nadar with a Padma Bhushan, the third
highest civilian award, for his contribution to the IT industry.
 In 2007, Madras University awarded him an honorary doctorate degree Nadar was
also recognised as E&Y Entrepreneur of the Year 2007 (Services).
 In 1995 he became the Dataquest IT Man of the year.] the In 2005 he was bestowed
with CNBC Business Excellence Award.In 2006 he received an honorary fellowship
from the All India Management Association.] In 2011 he was counted
amongst Forbes' 48 Heroes of Philanthropy in Asia Pacific.
 In 2010 he received the Dataquest Lifetime Achievement Award.
 In April 2017,india today magazine ranked Nadar #16th in India's 50 most powerful
people of 2017 list. Nadar has committed more than $1 billion to philanthropy.

Conclusion

We submit the profile summary of a successful entrepreneur including milestone

achievements.
 Practical No. 2
Undertake SWOT analysis to arrive at your business idea of a product/service
SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis (or SWOT matrix) is a strategic planning technique used to help a person or
organization identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related
to business competition or project planning.It is designed for use in the preliminary stages
of decision-making processes and can be used as a tool for evaluation of the strategic
position of a city or organization.It is intended to specify the objectives of the business
venture or project and identify the internal and external factors that are favourable and
unfavourable to achieving those objectives. Users of a SWOT analysis often ask and answer
questions to generate meaningful information for each category to make the tool useful and
identify their competitive advantage. SWOT has been described as the tried-and-true tool of
strategic analysis but has also been criticized for its limitations (see § Limitations).

Strengths
characteristics of the business or project that give it an advantage over others.
Strengths are things that your organization does particularly well, or in a way that
distinguishes you from your competitors. Think about the advantages your organization has
over other organizations. These might be the motivation of your staff, access to certain
materials, or a strong set of manufacturing processes.Remember, any aspect of your
organization is only a strength if it brings you a clear advantage. For example, if all of your
competitors provide high-quality products, then a high-quality production process is not a
strength in your market: it's a necessity.

Weaknesses

Now it's time to consider your organization's weaknesses. Be honest! A SWOT Analysis will
only be valuable if you gather all the information you need. So, it's best to be realistic now,
and face any unpleasant truths as soon as possible.Weaknesses, like strengths, are inherent
features of your organization, so focus on your people, resources, systems, and procedures.
Think about what you could improve, and the sorts of practices you should avoid.Once
again, imagine (or find out) how other people in your market see you. Do they notice
weaknesses that you tend to be blind to? Take time to examine how and why your
competitors are doing better than you. What are you lacking?

Opportunities

Opportunities are openings or chances for something positive to happen, but you'll need to
claim them for yourself!They usually arise from situations outside your organization, and
require an eye to what might happen in the future. They might arise as developments in the
market you serve, or in the technology you use. Being able to spot and exploit opportunities
can make a huge difference to your organization's ability to compete and take the lead in
your market. Think about good opportunities you can spot immediately. These don't need
to be game-changers: even small advantages can increase your organization's
competitiveness. What interesting market trends are you aware of, large or small, which
could have an impact? You should also watch out for changes in government policy related
to your field. And changes in social patterns, population profiles, and lifestyles can all throw
up interesting opportunities.

Threats

Threats include anything that can negatively affect your business from the outside, such as
supply chain problems, shifts in market requirements, or a shortage of recruits. It's vital to
anticipate threats and to take action against them before you become a victim of them and
your growth stalls. Think about the obstacles you face in getting your product to market and
selling. You may notice that quality standards or specifications for your products are
changing, and that you'll need to change those products if you're to stay in the lead.
Evolving technology is an ever-present threat, as well as an opportunity! Always consider
what your competitors are doing, and whether you should be changing your organization's
emphasis to meet the challenge. But remember that what they're doing might not be the
right thing for you to do, and avoid copying them without knowing how it will improve your
position. Be sure to explore whether your organization is especially exposed to external
challenges. Do you have bad debt or cash-flow problems, for example, that could make you
vulnerable to even small changes in your market? This is the kind of threat that can seriously
damage your business, so be alert.

Conclusion
We undertake aSWOT analysis to arrive at your business idea of a product/service.
 Practical No.3
Generate business ideas for entrepreneur and their opportunities through
brainstorming.

Consistent improvements to enhance your small business are critical for its success and
sustainability. Things like monitoring cash flow consistently, utilizing social media for
marketing, and recognizing your strengths while asking for help in areas that are less so can
help you focus on improving areas of your business that offer the biggest gain.

Sometimes it's a good idea to keep a checklist handy to remind yourself of the basic steps you
need to take on a regular basis.

1. Keep Financial Score

Few small businesses have an accurate idea of the daily, weekly, and monthly numbers and
financial trends taking place within the organization. It's vital that you spend the necessary
time keeping current on cash flow. If you lack the financial skills, hire an accountant, but still
stay very much in the loop.

2. Set Goals

Similar to keeping score, setting goals and objectives is an essential part of your business
success. Use the goals you set as an ongoing planning tool to ensure that you continue to
move forward with your small business. For instance, try to increase traffic by a certain
amount on your business website or blog. More web traffic can translate into added sales or
customer loyalty.

3. Use High-Impact Marketing

Wasting money on ineffective marketing is easy. Seek out low-budget, high-impact

marketing strategies to improve your small business. Test one or two new tactics and see
which perform best before adding them to your marketing mix. Social media is an excellent
low-cost and low-risk way to promote your business. LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram are a few good tools to build a social presence and attract attention to your
business.

4. Master Business Presentations

A powerful business presentation can help improve your small business' performance. Start
by learning the essentials of a memorable business presentation. These can include delivering
an unexpected little pearl of wisdom to captivate your audience. That said, don't overload
your presentation with information. Keep everything relevant.

5. Monitor Trends

No business operates in a vacuum. Events and changes in the global landscape have an effect
on your business. Stay current on trends and issues happening in your industry and local
community. Even things that don't seem relevant on the surface might have an impact on
what you do, so consider all possibilities.
6. Sharpen Your Selling Skills

A high-return area for business improvement is the sales function. Whether you're a one-
person operation or managing a sales team, you must focus on sales improvement. To start,
clarify your business mission. When you determine areas where you excel and who needs
what you do, you will have a greater sense of vision and purpose.

7. Find Best Practices

Keeping everything transparent is an important underpinning. That means breaking down

silos, communicating effectively, testing, and monitoring and approving your processes in
order to keep everything running smoothly. Another example is documenting your processes
to avoid any miscommunication.

8. Motivate Staff

Talented and motivated staff members can bring on big improvements in business. Learn
what motivates your employees to higher levels of performance. Part of this is being willing
to listen to input and insight from everyone on staff, regardless of position or seniority. Some
of the best ideas come from those closest to certain problems.

9. Know Your Limits

Successful business owners have a clear idea of their limitations. By knowing your
entrepreneurial personality type, you can manage your resources and find help in areas of
weakness. This is a key driver to success. For example, if you're great at sales but less
experienced with bookkeeping, focus on sales and hire someone else to handle the books.

10. Mouth Publicity

Publicity has been an important component of marketing efforts for a long time. Traditionally
many companies relied on word of mouth publicity. With the arrival and proliferation of
digital media and the new generation of millennial, the equation is changing. The speed of
doing business has increased and customer is impatient to wait

Conclusion

Hence we conclude that for improving the business business ideas are very important.
 Practical No. 4
Undertake self-assessment tests to discover your entrepreneurial traits.

Many people dream of being an entrepreneur. They envision their business as majorly
successful; allowing them to make enormous wealth, be the boss, have the freedom to come
and go as they please and work how and when they want. If only this were the reality,
everyone would be an entrepreneur! Unfortunately, this is not the experience for most. Being
an entrepreneur can be tremendously rewarding, but it is hard work.

 Full of determination
When you set out to become an entrepreneur it will require you to set very clear goals along
the way. Growing your business, increasing sales and hiring new employees require several
micro-goals within them to be executed successfully.

 Unafraid to take risks

When most people hear the word “risk,” they relate it to a financial risk, but in Corcoran's
case, the initial financial investment wasn’t itself particularly risky. The risk came into play
when she went all in, devoting 100 percent to making her business work with such a small
amount of seed capital. Many would assume it isn’t possible to start a business with very
little money, but those who aren’t afraid to take risks don’t see limited funding as a handicap

 A high level of confidence

Entrepreneurs who have a high level of confidence are able to get the job done even under the
most stressful conditions. They understand that big challenges breed big rewards. This is the
same mentality that allows successful entrepreneurs to spot an opportunity when most just
see a challenge. Where most focus on that challenge, a successful entrepreneur focuses on the
finish line and the end reward.

 Craves learning

You have to stay sharp, and that requires that you be constantly learning. Industries
constantly change and evolve; Only those that are also growing through constant learning
will stay ahead. You will always have competitors breathing down your neck trying to
surpass you. There will always be someone claiming to be the next greatest thing.

Staying sharp through constant learning will enable you to stay ahead and avoid getting
passed.

 Understands failure is part of the game

Richard Branson said it best: “Few first ventures work out. It is how a beginning entrepreneur
deals with failure that sets that person apart. In fact, failure is one of the secrets to success,
since some of the best ideas arise from the ashes of a shuttered business.”

If you understand that failure is part of being an entrepreneur, you will take those failures and
use them as learning experiences. Real-world experience, even failure itself, will teach you
more than you would ever learn in a classroom.
  Passionate about his or her business

Passion fuels the drive and determination required to be successful, whether you are building
a company from the ground up or buying an internet business that already has a proven track
record.

You have to thoroughly enjoy what you are doing because there will be long days and nights,
and at some points along the way your business will consume you. If you aren’t fully
passionate about what you are doing, the added stress and obstacles on your shoulders will
build up and eventually be responsible for your collapse.

 Highly adaptable

If entrepreneurs had the ability to see what was hiding around each turn, that talent would
make those challenges much easier. But unfortunately that is not the case. There can be
surprises around every corner, even with a well-thought-out plan and strategy.

If you are extremely adaptable, that characteristic gives you the ability to respond quickly in
any situation. This allows you to make decisions that will help you navigate out of trouble
and allow you to thrive in environments that would sink those who aren’t adaptable.

 Good understanding of money management

doesn’t matter if you are bootstrapping your business, using personal credit cards or have
millions of dollars from investors -- you must have excellent money-management skills. Poor
financial decisions, such as overspending or allocating funds to less important tasks, can
quickly ruin a business.

So, have a clear financial map drawn out: What are your essential monthly expenses and
obligations? How much can you allocate monthly for items that fall outside of the “essential”
category? Stick to your plan and make sure all founders and shareholders are on the same
page. Money problems can destroy a business the same way they can ruin a marriage.

 Expert at networking

A large collection of business cards and a huge contact list don't make you an expert at
networking. Building value-based relationships that are truly meaningful is what networking
is all about. These are the relationships that lead to business opportunities and long-term
relationships that are mutually beneficial.

I am constantly networking with people who can not only help my business at the current
time, but also have the potential to help me in the future. Don’t be selfish when networking.
You should always know how you can help someone and provide value to him or her before
you even think about how the relationship will be potentially beneficial to you.
  Ability to sell and promote

If you watch the TV show Shark Tank, you have certainly heard Mark Cuban tell
entrepreneurs on multiple occasions that knowing how to sell is an absolutely essential part of
being a successful business owner.

If you can’t express what it is that makes your product or service a solution to a problem, you
will be in for a rough ride. If you, the creator, can’t explain it, then who will?

Conclusion

Hence we conclude that self assessment is important for know your entraiprenual traits.
 Practical No. 5
Identify business opportunities suitable for you.
.
 Practical No. 6
Survey Industries of your own stream, grade them according to investment,
production,and turnover & prepare report on it.

Introduction

Company revenue is an important indicator influencing a company's financial success and

market standing in the stock market. Numerous businesses in India have accomplished
extraordinary feats in terms of revenue generation. These businesses not only provide a sizable
contribution to India's GDP but also shape other industries, produce jobs, and promote
innovation. Reliance Industries Limited, an Indian conglomerate run by business mogul
Mukesh Ambani, sits at the top of the list of top Indian companies by revenue. Reliance
Industries has a stunning annual turnover of over $100 billion, i.e. 10,000 crores.

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), India's largest provider of IT services, is another noteworthy
participant. With over $20 billion, i.e. 2000 crores in revenue, TCS has become a world leader
in the information technology industry. These businesses join a select group of other top Indian
companies by revenue, including HDFC Bank, Hindustan Unilever, and Infosys. Their
outstanding accomplishments showcase India's dynamic and energetic corporate ecosystem,
which thrives and develops worldwide. This article will guide you in understanding which are
the top Indian companies by revenue.

What is Company Revenue?

Company revenue means the total amount of money a business generates through its operations
and sales activities during a specific period. It is a crucial financial indicator that gauges the
revenue or input of cash into a business. Revenue is frequently called the "top line" because it is
the first figure on an organization's income statement. It shows before expenses and taxes are
subtracted for net income or profit.

The company's revenue includes all sources of income from a company's primary business
activities, such as sales of goods or services, fees, royalties, and interest earned. It displays a
business's effectiveness and success in luring clients, providing value, and gaining market
share. Companies constantly monitor and report their quarterly or annual revenue to give
customers information about their financial standing and growth trajectory. Revenue
comparisons show the best Indian companies by revenue. It can be done over time or with rival
businesses and can be used to evaluate the success of company plans and determine one's
standing in the market.

Understanding Company Revenue with an Example

Let's use the example of a hypothetical retail business called "XYZ Electronics" to understand
better how firm revenue is calculated. The company's area of expertise is consumer electronics
like cell phones, computers, and televisions.

XYZ Electronics earns income through its sales activity throughout a specific fiscal year. Let's
say the company sold 2,000 televisions for $1,500, i.e. INR 1,22,965/- on average, 10,000
smartphones for $500 (INR 40,988) on average, 5,000 laptops for $1,000 (INR 81,977) on
average, and 10,000 laptops for $500 (INR 40,988) on average. The total sales from each
category of products are added up to determine the company's revenue:
● $10,000 cell phones multiplied by $500 will bring in $5,000,000 in revenue.
● Five thousand laptops multiplied by $1,000 in revenue is $5,000,000.
● Two thousand televisions multiplied by $1,500 each will bring in $3,000,000 in revenue.
Total revenue equals $5 million plus $5 million plus $3 million, or $13 million. Therefore,
XYZ Electronics earned $13,000,000.0 in revenue during this financial year. The total amount
of money this revenue represents the business made from selling its goods during that period.

List of Top 10 Indian Companies by Highest Revenue

Here is a list of the top Indian companies by revenue:

1. Reliance Industries Limited

2. Indian Oil Corporation Limited
3. Tata Motors Limited
4. State Bank of India
5. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
6. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
7. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
8. Tata Consultancy Services Limited
9. Infosys Limited
10. Larsen & Toubro Limited

Overview of 10 Indian Companies by Highest Revenue

Here is an overview of the list of Indian companies by revenue:

1. Reliance Industries Limited

Reliance Industries Limited is one of the top Indian companies by revenue, with over $1 trillion
market worth. Petrochemicals, refining, oil and gas exploration, telecommunications, and retail
are just a few sectors it dominates. Reliance Industries has the largest oil refinery complex in
the world and, through its subsidiary, Reliance Jio Infocomm, has a substantial presence in
India's telecom industry. Reliance Retail, a business division specializing in retail, is a
significant player in the Indian consumer goods, clothing, and food market.

2. Indian Oil Corporation Limited

A powerful state-owned oil and gas corporation in India is called Indian Oil Corporation
Limited (IOCL). Its market cap is about $21 billion. One of the biggest oil marketing and
refining businesses in India is IOCL. The company's operations cover all aspects of the
hydrocarbon value chain, including refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of
petroleum products. IOCL manages a huge network of pipelines, petrol stations and refineries
nationwide. It is key to satisfying India's energy needs and supplying vital fuel and lubricants
for several industries, domestic uses, transportation, and industry.

3. Tata Motors Limited

Tata Motors Limited is a member of Tata Group which is based in India. The market value of
Tata Motors is almost $21 billion. Tata Motors is one of the leading car companies in the world
and India. The business operates in several industries, including electric cars, commercial
vehicles, and passenger automobiles. Tata Motors produces various vehicles, including
automobiles, SUVs, lorries, buses, and electric vehicles. It emphasizes innovation,
environmentally friendly mobility options, and the provision of high-quality and dependable
vehicles to meet the various demands of customers in various markets.

4. State Bank of India

SBI (State Bank of India) is India's largest public sector bank. This Mumbai-based provider of
banking and financial services is government-owned. SBI has a sizable market share and
operates a nationwide network of branches and ATMs. The market value of SBI is roughly $41
billion. The bank occupies a prominent position in the Indian banking sector. It provides many
banking services and products, including wealth management, corporate banking, retail
banking, and treasury operations. SBI provides services to many different consumer groups and
is essential to India's economic development and financial inclusion.

5. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) has a market value of about $9 billion. It
occupies an important place in distributing, marketing and refining petroleum products. The
business runs refineries, petrol stations and pipelines to ensure critical fuels and lubricants are
accessible throughout India. Retail consumers, business clients, and the aviation industry are
just a few of the several clientele categories served by BPCL. The company's key priorities are
providing top-notch products, upholding operational excellence, and enhancing the nation's
energy security. BPCL is essential to satisfying India's rising energy needs and promoting
economic development.

6. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

An Indian government-owned oil and gas firm is called Hindustan Petroleum Corporation
Limited (HPCL) and is one of the top Indian companies by revenue. It is an ONGC (Oil and
Natural Gas Corporation Limited) subsidiary. The market value of HPCL is about $8 billion. In
the oil and gas sector, HPCL occupies a key position and engages in several operations,
including refining, marketing, and distributing petroleum products. The business runs refineries,
petrol stations and pipelines to make sure that fuels and lubricants are available to clients
throughout India. Delivering top-notch goods, upholding operational effectiveness, and meeting
the country's energy needs are HPCL's major priorities.

7. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited

ONGC is an India-based global oil and gas corporation. The market value of ONGC is about
$32 billion. The top gas and oil exploration and production business in India is ONGC. The
company's main business activities are exploring, developing, and producing natural gas and
crude oil. ONGC operates onshore and offshore oil and gas fields to meet India's energy needs.
To maintain sustainable and effective operations in the oil and gas sector, it strongly
emphasizes increasing domestic output, creating new fields, and using cutting-edge
technologies.

8. Tata Consultancy Services Limited

An international provider of IT services and consulting, Tata Consultancy Services Limited

(TCS) is based in India. One of the biggest IT firms in the world, TCS has a market worth about
$191 billion. TCS is a market leader in the IT services sector, which offers a wide range of
services, such as infrastructure services, software development, consulting, and business
process outsourcing. The business provides clientele for the banking, healthcare, retail, and
manufacturing sectors. TCS utilizes technology to provide its clients worldwide with creative
solutions, digital transformation, and company success.

9. Infosys Limited

An international provider of IT services and consulting, Infosys Limited is based in India and is
one of the top Indian companies by revenue. The market capitalization of Infosys is over $101
billion. In the IT sector, Infosys is well-known for offering clients across the globe software
development, maintenance, and independent validation services. The organization services
several industries: manufacturing, retail, healthcare, and financial. To assist clients in enhancing
their business operations, enhancing customer experiences, and fostering creativity, Infosys
focuses on delivering digital transformation, utilizing emerging technologies, and offering end-
to-end solutions. Infosys is regarded as a leader in the IT services sector and has a significant
global footprint.

10. Larsen & Toubro Limited

An Indian multinational company with a wide variety of business operations is called Larsen &
Toubro Limited (L&T). The market value of L&T is roughly $39 billion. L&T is well-known
in the engineering, building, technology, and financial services industries. Infrastructure, power,
defense, hydrocarbons, information technology, and financial services are just a few of the
segments that make up the company's commercial operations. L&T works on engineering and
building projects, manufactures industrial equipment, offers financial and investment services,
and offers IT services and solutions. The business is renowned for its engineering expertise,
project management skills, and dedication to providing cutting-edge and environmentally
friendly solutions.

Conclusion

The top Indian companies by revenue show the nation's varied and dynamic commercial
environment. This list of Indian companies by turnover operates in various sectors, including
banking, conglomerates, oil and gas, automobiles, and IT services. Their strong earnings are a
reflection of both their competitiveness on a worldwide scale and their major economic
contributions to India.
 Practical No. 7
Visit a bank/financial institution to inquiry about funding scheme for small scale
enterprises

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the socio –
economic development of India. These enterprises contribute significantly to expand
the entrepreneurial activity in India via innovation.

Thus, the sector is widening its domain for fulfilling both the domestic as well as global
demand.

Furthermore, MSMEs are a key contributor to India’s economic growth. This is

because of their contribution to GDP and employment generation within the country.

The share of MSMEs in India GDP in 2015 – 2016 was 28.77% . In fact, it’s
contribution to the GDP of India in the five years is close to 30% starting 2011 – 2012
and ending 2015 – 2016. (As per 2018 Annual Report of Ministry of MSME)
Furthermore, the share of MSME sector in generating employment too suggests its
crucial contribution to the economy’s growth. Thus, there are close to 51 million MSME
units in India giving employment to 117 million people across various sectors. This
makes for 40% of the total workforce.

However, the MSME sector gets the least share of the organized lending despite its
significant contribution. Thus, only 5 million MSME units out 51 million have access to
formal credit as per MSME Pulse report. (This report was published by Transunion
CIBIL in collaboration with SIDBI in March 2018.)

This is because it is challenging for small businesses to get financial assistance for
growth. These small enterprises face stiff competition from the properly funded,
established companies.

Hence, the government loan schemes for small business have been rolled out in order
to give boost to the MSMEs.

I. MSME Business Loans in 59 Minutes

The finance ministry launched a web portal to provide credit to the MSME units. This
web portal provides credit to MSMEs under Public Sector Banks in just 59 minutes.

MSME loans upto Rs. 1 crore are approved from SIDBI and five Public Sector Banks
at this online marketplace. Thus, the turnaround time for loan processing is reduced to
just 59 minutes. And it takes 7 – 8 working days for the loan to get disbursed.
However, the loan gets disbursed only after the receipt of the in principle approval
letter.

Also, there is no intervention of humans until the loan gets sanctioned. Furthermore,
the MSME borrower is not required to submit any physical document in order to get the
approval. The web portal makes use of advanced algorithms to analyse data points
from various sources such IT returns, GST data, bank statements etc.
The key features of this web platform include :
Features
The key features of this web platform include :

 SIDBI, SBI, Bank of Baroda, PNB, Vijaya and India Bank have a major stake under this
scheme.
 The web portal is first of its kind for MSME borrowers. This means, you can connect
with multiple banks without visiting the branch.
 This portal is an advanced digital platform for MSME financing. It incorporates services
driven architecture and ensures highest level of information security.
 It is the only platform in the market with a banker interface covering branch level
integrations in tune with current system of PSBs.
 This platform enables bankers to create customized loan products. These products are
in line with scoring models and assessment methods as per the approved credit policy
of the banks.
 The web platform is integrated with the following technologies:
 GST
 ITR
 Bank Statement
 Fraud Check
 Bureau Check
 Other features
 Such a facility is not available with any other player in the market.
 This is the only platform that has been integrated with CGTMSE for checking the
eligibility of the borrowers. MSME borrower get a loan of up to Rs. 2 crore without any
collateral.

Eligibility Criteria
There is no specific criteria set by the government for availing this loan. So a small,
medium and micro enterprise is allowed to apply for the instant loan under the scheme.
How to Apply?

 You need to login on the official website to get the digitized enrollment document.
 Then, complete the signup process.
 Thereafter, you need to register on the portal using your name, personal email id and
active mobile number.
 Once these details are filled, click on the green button marked as get OTP.
 The portal will send a unique code to your registered mobile number.
 Then, click on the blue button marked as ‘proceed’ after typing the OTP.
 Thereafter, click on the link marked as ‘need fund for new or existing business.
 This will generate actual MSE enrollment form on the portal.
 Now, fill the form following which you need to select the bank that will provide the
requisite loan.
 Once this is done, the approval will come promptly.
 After the approval, link the enrollment link with your GST/IT accounts.
 Furthermore, your bank statement details are necessary for prompt transfer of funds.
 Therefore, this process is for those members who are new to the portal. In case you
are already registered, you just need to enter your mobile number or email id to gain
access to the portal.
II. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Loan Yojana (PMMY)
Description
The Indian government established Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency
Ltd (MUDRA) in the year 2015. This agency was established to support the micro
enterprises. It was launched to support banks, microfinance institutions, NBFCs and
other institutions lending to MSMEs.

Now, Micro entreprises include micro units engaged in manufacturing, processing,

trading and services sector. These units constitute a major segment of the Indian
economy. Furthermore, these units are single ownership enterprises providing
employment to nearly 10 crore people in India.

Now, the formal lending institutions overlooked the MSME sector in terms of meeting
its financial needs. Thus, most of these units are self financed or rely on traditional
sources of finance such as money lenders.

Therefore, the Indian government established MUDRA to develop and refinance such
micro enterprises. The aim of establishing this institution is to provide income
generating opportunities to fund the unfunded.
Nature of Assistance
Offering under MUDRA comprise of the following categories:

 Technology Enabler
 Refinance for micro units to commercia banks/NBFCs/RRBs/Cooperative Banks/MFIs
 Shishu – up to Rs. 50,000
 Kishore – up to Rs. 50,000 – Rs. 5,00,000
 Tarun – up to Rs. 10,00,000
 Credit Guarantee to MUDRA Loans
 Development and Promotional Support
 Sectoral Development
 Skill Development
 Entrepreneurship Development
 Financial Literacy
 Institutional Development

There are three main stages of PM Mudra Bank Yojana. The following table
showcases the same:

Under MUDRA, there four types of funding support:

Micro Credit Scheme
This scheme is offered through Micro Finance Institutions. These institutions provide
credit upto Rs. 1,00,000 for various micro enterprise activities. This support is given to
individuals for specific income generating micro enterprise activity. And the mode of
delivering such a support is through self help groups or joint liability groups.
Refinance Scheme for Banks
MUDRA gives refinance support to different banks for financing microfinance activities.
These banks include commercial banks, regional rural banks and scheduled
cooperative banks. This refinance is given for term loans and working capital loans
upto a maximum limit of Rs. 10,00,000 per unit.
Women Enterprise Program
The banks or MFIs extend additional facilities including interest reduction on loan to
encourage women entrepreneurs. Currently, MUDRA offers a reduction of 25 basis
points in the interest rates to MFIs or NBFCs providing loans to women entrepreneurs.
Securitization of Loan Portfolios
MUDRA supports banks/NBFCs/MFIs to raise funds in order to finance small
enterprises. This agency participates in the securitization of the bank’s loan assets
against micro enterprise portfolio. Thus, MUDRA provides second loss default
guarantee. Furthermore, it also participates in investment of Pass Through Certificates
either as senior or junior investment.
Nature of Assistance
Only small businessmen can apply for this loan. Furthermore, there is no exact criteria
to become eligible for the MUDRA loan. However, following are a list of things for
which a business cannot take a MUDRA loan.

 Personal Requirement
 Educational Purpose
 Buying Personal Car or Bike
 Rich Businessmen

How to Apply
There is no formal way of applying for a MUDRA loan. A micro enterprise in need of
funds may approach the bank listed under the MUDRA scheme. Furthermore, such an
enterprise needs to give details regarding the business it intends to pursue. Then, the
requisite bank asks the enterprise to fill the MUDRA form. However, the application
process becomes quite easy if micro enterprise already has a current account with the
said bank.

Furthermore, the enterprise must carry the invoice for the equipment purchased in
case it needs to get it financed. Also, a good credit history may help since it is a
collateral free loan.
III. Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Small Industries
Description
The Credit Guarantee Scheme intends to avail bank credit without any collateral or
third party guarantees to the young entrepreneurs. This scheme provides credit to the
MSME sector without the hassle of giving any collateral or guarantee. Furthermore, it
intends to give wings to the dreams of small business owners to set up a unit of their
own.

Thus, the Indian government and SIDBI established the Credit Guarantee and Fund
Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGFTMSE).

CGTMSE introduced a new ‘Hybrid Security’ model. This model provides guarantee
cover for the part of credit facility not covered by collateral security. Thus, the Money
Lending Institutions (MLIs) are allowed to obtain collateral security for the portion of the
credit facility under this scheme. The remaining part of the credit facility, however, can
be covered under the Credit Guarantee scheme of CGTMSE. This cover is subject to a
maximum of Rs. 200 lakhs. However, CGTMSE will have pari-passu charge on the
primary as well as collateral security provided by the borrower for the credit facility.
Objectives
The main objectives of this scheme are:

 The Lender should lay emphasis on project viability. Further, it should extend credit
facility only on the basis of primary security financed.
 Lender should try to give composite loans to the borrowers. This means lender should
help borrowers to obtain both term loans and working capital loans from a single
lender.
 The Guarantee Trust would pay for the losses incurred by the lender. The lender incurs
such losses where the MSE unit availing the collateral free credit facility fails to repay
its liability. This making good of losses is limited to 50%, 70%, 80% or 85% of the credit
facility.

Nature of Assistance

Eligibility Criteria
This credit facility is extended to new as well as existing micro enterprises including
service enterprises. It is subject to a maximum credit cap of Rs. 200 lakhs.
Furthermore, this guarantee coverage was made available to select NBFCs and Small
Finance Banks off late.
How to Apply

Prepare a Business Plan

The MSE must prepare a detailed business plan in order to avail loan under this
scheme. The plan should explain the viability of the project.
Choose the Lender Bank
The next step is to choose the lender from whom the loan needs to taken. Thus, the
MSE is required to submit its business plan along with loan application to the selected
bank.
Submit Application for Bank Scrutiny
The bank will go through the same to check the details mentioned on receiving the
application and business model from the MSE.
Receiving Funds
The lender bank will submit the loan application to CGFTMSE Fund upon verification.
Here, your application will be verified again. The CGFTMSE Fund will ask the back to
release funds for business if it is accepted.
IV. Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme For Technology Upgradation
(CLCSS)
Objective
The ministry of SSI units introduced the Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme in order
to help SSI units upgrade technology. Thus, the SSI units are given upfront capital
subsidy on institutional finance under this scheme. This finance is given for
modernization of equipment and techniques.

Previously, SSI units had no choice but to use outdated plant and machinery to
manufacture goods. This was on account of:

 inadequacy of investment,
 lack of awareness about the quality standards and
 no access to up to date technology

However, the growth of SSI units is dependent on the use of modern technology and
its upgradation. Also, such an upgradation is essential in the plant and machinery as
well as in the process used to manufacture goods. This will help the SSI units to
reduce production cost and make them competitive.

Thus, the government of India announced Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme. This
scheme however does not apply if:

 a business replaces existing equipment or technology with same equipment or

technology
 business upgrades with second hand machinery

Nature of Assistance

 This scheme provides a capital subsidy of 15% on the institutional finance availed by
SSI units. The subsidy is given for introducing improved technology. This technology is
implemented in the sectors or for the products approved under the scheme.
 Furthermore, the amount of subsidy given is based on the loan amount not exceeding
Rs. 1 crore.
 The amount of capital subsidy given to an SSI unit is calculated on the basis of the
purchase price of plant and machinery. Thus, this calculation is not based on the loan
amount disbursed to the beneficiary unit.
 This means the government has abolished the previous practice. The previous practice
categorized SSI units based on the amount of investment. This practice was followed to
determine the eligible subsidy.

Eligibility Criteria

 Eligible beneficiaries include:

 sole proprietorships
 partnerships
 co-operative societies
 private and public limited companies in SSI sector.Women entrepreneurs would be
given priority.
 The capital subsidy is available only for specific projects under the scheme. These
projects are the ones where term loans have been sanctioned by eligible Primary
Lending Institutions (PLIs)on or after September 29, 2005. Furthermore, machinery
 purchased under Hire Purchase Scheme of National Small Industries (NSIC) is also
eligible.
 An industry moving from small scale to medium scale status shall also be eligible for
assistance. Provided such a shift is due to sanction of additional loan under CLCSS .
 Capital subsidy given under CLCSS is not linked to any of the refinance schemes of the
Nodal agencies. This means it is not essential for a PLI to seek refinance from any of
the nodal agencies. It is with regards to the loan sanctioned by PLI.
 Labour intensive and/or export oriented new sectors/ activities will be considered for
inclusion under the scheme.

How To Apply?
The government introduced online application and tracking system. This system was
introduced in order to make the application process easy under the scheme.

Therefore, the PLIs apply online on behalf of eligible MSEs in order to claim subsidy
under the scheme. This is because such MSEs avail term loans from these PLIs. PLI
then uploads the completed application through Online Tracking and Application
System to the associated nodal agency.

Consequently, such nodal agency refers the application online to the office of DC
(MSME) for release of subsidy. Then due approval is given by the competent authority
along with the internal finance wing. This happens once the application is processed.
However, such an approval is subject to the availability of funds.

Finally, funds are released to the nodal agencies. These agencies further transfer it to
PLIs where the account of MSE is operated
 Practical No. 8

Aim: Compile the info from financial agencies that will help you setup your
business enterprise.

Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) are establishments that provide

financial services and banking facilities without meeting the legal definition of a
Bank. They are covered under the Banking regulations laid down by the
Reserve Bank of India and provide banking services like loans, credit facilities,
TFCs, retirement planning, investing and stocking in money market.
These organizations play a crucial role in the economy, offering their services
in urban as well as rural areas, mostly granting loans allowing for growth of
new ventures.

Shriram Transport Finance Company Limited

Transport Finance Company Limited focuses on funding commercial and
business vehicles, besides others. The company was founded in 1979 and has
been offering funding services for Light Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, Mini
Trucks, Passenger Vehicles, Construction Vehicles and Farm Equipments. The
company’s specialisation is in general insurance, mutual funds, common assets,
stock broking and general protection.

Bajaj Finance Limited

Bajaj Finance Limited was founded in 2007 and is a unit of Bajaj Holdings
and Investments. It offers loans to doctors for career enhancement, home loans,
gold loans, individual Loans, business and entrepreneur loans and is an
extremely popular finance company. Apart from these, Bajaj Finserv also
provides services like wealth advisory, lending money and general insurance. It
has over 1400 branches across the country with more than 20000 employees.

L & T Finance Limited

L & T Finance Limited is a strong player in the non banking financial sector
and was established in 1994. Headquartered in Mumbai, L & T offers funding
services to different sectors like trade, industry, agriculture, Commercial
Vehicle loans, Individual Vehicle loans, and corporate and rural loans. The
company caters to more than 10 lakh people. In 2010, L & T was awarded the
“Company of the year” in the Economic Times awards.

Cholamandalam
Cholamandalam Investment and Finance Company Limited (Chola), was
incorporated in 1978 as the financial services arm of the Murugappa Group.
Chola started as an equipment financing company and has surged ahead as a
complete financial services provider offering all kinds of services like - vehicle
finance, home loans, home equity loans, SME loans, investment advisory
services, stock broking and a host of other financial services to customers.
Chola has 725 branches across India with assets under management above INR
35,000 Crores.

HDB Finance Services

HDB Financial Services is operated by India’s largest private sector HDFC
Bank. It offers a variety of secured and non-secured financial loans through a
network of more than 1,000 branches in 22 Indian states and 3 Union
Territories. It provides secured and unsecured loans, including personal and
business loans, doctor's loans, auto loans, gold loans, new to credit loans,
enterprise business loans, consumer durables loans, construction equipment
loans, new and used car loans, equipment loans, and tractor loans. The company
operates through Lending Business and BPO Services segments. It is considered
the fastest growing NBFC in India today.

Conclusion: Hence, we compiled the info from financial agencies that will help
us setup our business enterprise.
 Practical No. No: - 9

Practical No. name:- Compile the information from government agencies that will help you to
setup a business enterprise.

Government schemes for businesses in India mainly focus on providing the much needed capital
for investment at subsidised interest rates, which in turn encourages people to realise their
dreams with their own ventures. Although there are tons of schemes available, here’s looking at
10 of the most viable startup schemes.

1) MUDRA – The Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency or MUDRA, is a flagship
program by the government of India to provide funds to micro and small enterprises. What sets
MUDRA apart from other loan schemes is the fact that no collateral is required to avail this loan.
It is applicable for manufacturing, trading, and even allied agricultural services. It has 3 modules,
Shishu (loan up to 50,000), Kishor (Loan between 50,000 and 5 lakh) and Tarun.

2) NABARD – The National Bank for Agriculture And Rural Development, or NABARD, for
short, is primarily aimed towards providing credit benefits to agriculture as well as other cottage
and village industries. It also provides finance to lending institutions in villages. With schemes
for food processing plants and integrated rural development, NABARD works in conjunction
with the RBI to implement and regulate financial assistance in rural areas. Its Dairy
Entrepreneurship Development scheme offers up to 90% of the project cost .

3) Credit Guarantee Scheme – The CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and
Small Enterprises) was set up by the Government of India to provide business loans to micro and
small industries, with zero collateral. This means that new and upcoming startups can avail loans
at highly subsidised interest rates without providing any security. Working along with SIDBI
(Small Industries Development Bank of India), the government provides a maximum amount of
up to 100 lakhs under this scheme, for boosting new enterprises as well as rehabilitating existing
ones. Primarily for manufacturing units, this loan can be availed in the form of working capital
or term loan.

4) Stand Up India Scheme – Launched in 2016, this scheme was implemented to cater to
women entrepreneurs, as well as those from SC and ST communities. Ranging from 10 lakh to
100 lakh, it is available for Greenfield ventures in manufacturing, trading, and service units.
Under this scheme, it is mandatory for every bank to lend money to at least one woman
entrepreneur and one SC/ST unit per branch. In case of non-individual businesses, the woman
entrepreneur must hold at least a 51% stake in the unit. The loan can be provided as working
capital with a maximum return period of 7 years.
5) NewGen IEDC – Introduced last year, the NewGen Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Development Centre is applicable to industries like healthcare services, chemicals, hardware,
aeronautical/defense, IT, AR/VR, construction, design, food and beverages, textiles,
nanotechnology, and renewable and non-renewable energy sources, among others. It provides a
one-time non-recurring loan of up to 25 lakhs to finance startup units.

6) AIC – Headed by the Atal Innovation Mission, the Atal Incubation Centres provide grant-
in-aid of Rs. 10 Cr to every AIC. The duration of the grant is a maximum of 5 years. Set up
under the NITI aayog, the purpose of AICs will be to provide financial aid and infrastructure
assistance to different startups in sectors like chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life
sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality),
automotive, telecommunication & networking, construction, design, non-renewable energy,
renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, and food &
beverages, among others. Conducting training and entrepreneurship workshops, organizing
inspirational programs, enabling access to necessary infrastructure, prototyping or research
facilities, as well as creating a group of mentors to guide the entrepreneurs, are some of the tasks
that an AIC is expected to perform.

Conclusion:- we can find the different government agencies that can provide the different
funding scheme
 Practical No. No: - 10

Practical No. name:- Craft a vision statement and enabling a mission statement of your chosen
enterprises.

A vision statement is a document that states the current and future objectives of an organization. The
vision statement is intended as a guide to help the organization make decisions that align with its
philosophy and declared set of goals. It can be thought of as a roadmap to where the company wants to
be within a certain timeframe. A vision statement is not only used in business, as nonprofits and
governmental offices also use them to set goals

A vision statement for a software developer

: The world needs software solutions just about anything. From planning and running complex
business and industrial services to planning and running your day. From execution of mission
critical operations to playing for fun, almost everything is backed by a software. There are
millions of software developers out there and yet the global need for them is not about to be met.
The world needs a lot more software developers, but seriously, why do we need them, what is the
mission of a software developer that is so important to the world economy?

Let us analyse first how a software developer grows. Basically, there are two major paths one
may follow to be a software developer. One is to have a formal education (be it a university
degree, or a formal training program) and acquire the necessary skills to develop software, and
the other is to be an autodidact and teach yourself using plenty of available resources (books,
online courses, articles, tutorials, etc.) about software development.

The self learning approach is very personal and it is hard to generalize the way one teaches
himself therefore it is hard to draw conclusions that what process is followed or what the
outcomes may be. Also, compared to the numbers, I am sure this group is the minority, and the
majority of developers come from a more formal path.

The formal path, however, has a visible indicator how one is being trained in the field of
software development. We can have a look at the curricula of many universities and analyze
them.

Mission Statement for a Developer:-

The mission of a software developer is to solve real life and business problems.

1. Industry path: He or she is employed by a company who needs software solutions for their
business needs (be it a software developer company, a bank, an engineering company, a
distribution business, whatever…) and he/she works there trying to create software solutions for
the needs of the company.
2. Academic path: He or she may decide to pursue further studies and be a researcher who
continues to contribute to academia by teaching and to the knowledge by researching unknown
solutions for existing technical, real life or business problems.

3. Entrepreneur path: He or she creates a solution for a real life problem or a business problem,
makes a business out of it, and creates an enterprise which runs a business by providing a
software solution for a business problem.

Conclusion: we can find out the vision and misson statement of our chosen produc
 Practical No. No: - 11

Practical No. name:- Prepare a short , medium and long term goals for starting a choosen
enterprises.

Short term goals for any entrepreneurs:

Short-term planning in business generally focuses on a three-to-six-month time frame, especially in

reference to revenue and profitability. Short-term objectives are geared towards short-term needs such
as improving cash flow or launching a new product. This short-term perspective is especially useful for
satisfying investors who want to see results or improving your company's bottom line so you can secure
additional financing for longer-term goals. Whatever your short-term goals, make sure they serve your
longer-term vision. Your new product launch should be consistent with your overall brand and with the
line of products you're building over time. Your strategies to improve cash flow should bring in
additional revenue in ways that don't compromise your values or distract you from your overall mission.

Medium term goals for any entrepreneurs:

Medium-term planning is often overlooked in discussions of strategic objectives, but it is important

because it brings together the clarity of shorter-term goals with the depth of longer-term planning. A
short-term goal may be based on an immediate need and a long-term goal may be so broad that it is
difficult to create measurable milestones. But a medium-term goal is close enough for you to project a
specific targeted outcome, while also being distant enough to be meaningful for your longer-term vision.
Medium-term planning generally covers a period of about three years. It may include plans to open a
new store or enter a new market. It is a long enough time frame for you to see if you're achieving real
results, yet it's a short enough period for you to pivot and change direction if your initial strategy isn't
successful.

Long Term goals for any entrepreneurs

Long-term planning is rooted in your company's identity and purpose. It may have elements of
specificity such as a goal to open a certain number of new stores over the next ten years. However, it is
impossible to predict market conditions and current events over such an extended time frame. Because
of this difficulty, even specific long-term plans are mainly concrete ways to express a larger vision such
as eventually supplying work shoes to your entire region. Take your long-term planning very seriously,
but adjust it over time as your medium-term situation unfolds

Conclusion: we can prepare a short, long medium term goals for a chosen enterprises.
 Practical No. No: - 12

Practical No. name:- Compile information about various insurance schemes covering different
risks.

1. Professional liability insurance.

Professional liability insurance, also known as errors and omissions (E&O) insurance, covers a
business against negligence claims due to harm that results from mistakes or failure to perform.
There is no one-size-fits-all policy for professional liability insurance. Each industry has its own
set of concerns that will be addressed in a customized policy written for a business.

2. Property insurance.

Whether a business owns or leases its space, property insurance is a must. This insurance covers
equipment, signage, inventory and furniture in the event of a fire, storm or theft. However, mass-
destruction events like floods and earthquakes are generally not covered under standard property
insurance policies. If your area is prone to these issues, check with your insurer to price a
separate policy

3. Workers’ compensation insurance.

Once the first employee has been hired, workers’ compensation insurance should be added to a
business’s insurance policy. This will cover medical treatment, disability and death benefits in
the event an employee is injured or dies as a result of his work with that business. Even if
employees are performing seemingly low-risk work, slip-and-fall injuries or medical conditions
such as carpal tunnel syndrome could result in a pricey claim.

4. Home-based businesses.

Many professionals begin their small businesses in their own homes. Unfortunately,
homeowner’s policies don’t cover home-based businesses in the way commercial property
insurance does. If you’re operating your business out of your home, ask your insurer for
additional insurance to cover your equipment and inventory in the event of a problem.

5. Product liability insurance.

If your business manufactures products for sale on the general market, product liability insurance
is a must. Even a business that takes every measure possible to make sure its products are safe
can find itself named in a lawsuit due to damages caused by one of its products. Product liability
insurance works to protect a business in such a case, with coverage available to be tailored
specifically to a specific type of product
6. Business –

If a disaster or catastrophic event does occur, a business’s operations will likely be interrupted.
During this time, your business will suffer from lost income due to your staff’s inability to work
in the office, manufacture products or make sales calls. This type of insurance is especially
applicable to companies that require a physical location to do business, such as retail stores.
Business interruption insurance compensates a business for its lost income during these events.

Conclusion: we can find the different insurance scheme which covers different risk factors.