Irpcs 1972

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PART A - GENERAL

Rule 1 Application
Rule 2 Responsibility
Rule 3 General Definitions.

PART B - STEERING AND SAILING RULES


Rule 4 Application
Rule 5 Look-out
Rule 6 Safe Speed
Rule 7 Risk of Collision
Rule 8 Action to avoid Collision
Rule 9 Narrow Channels
Rule 10 Traffic Separation Schemes
Rule 11 Application
Rule 12 Sailing Vessels
Rule 13 Overtaking
Rule 14 Head-on Situation
Rule 15 Crossing Situation
Rule 17 Action by Stand-on Vessel
Rule 18 Responsibilities between Vessels
Rule 19 Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

PART C - LIGHTS AND SIGNALS


Rule 20 Application
Rule 21 Definitions
Rule 22 Visibility of Lights
Rule 23 Power-driven Vessels underway
Rule 24 Towing and Pushing
Rule 25 Sailing Vessels underway and Vessels under Oars
Rule 26 Fishing Vessels
Rule 27 Vessels not under Command or Restricted in their Ability to Maneuver
Rule 28 Vessels constrained by their Draught
Rule 29 Pilot Vessels
Rule 30 Anchored Vessels and Vessels aground
Rule 31 Seaplanes

PART C - SOUNDS AND LIGHT SIGNALS


Rule 32 Definitions
Rule 33 Equipment for Sound Signals
Rule 34 Maneuvering and Warning Signals
Rule 35 Sound Signals in restricted Visibility
Rule 36 Signals to attract Attention

PART E - EXEMPTION
Rule 38 Exemptions
COLREG 1972 - Introduction
• Convention on International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, as
amended.
• Adopted - 20 Oct 1972; Entered in force - 15 July 1977
• Replaces COLREGS 1960 which entered in force with the SOLAS Convention at
that time.
• Amended in 1981, 1987, 1989, 1993, 2001, 2007
• Also known as 'Rules of the Road', often abbreviated to ROR.

Rules in COLREG 72
(38 Rules divided into 5 parts)
• Part A - General
• Part B - Steering and Sailing Rules
• Section I - Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility
• Section II - Conduct of vessels when in sight of one another
• Section III - Conduct of vessels in Restricted Visibility
• Part C - Lights and Shapes
• Part D - Sound and Light Signals
• Part E – Exemptions

Annexes of COLREG 72
Four Annexes. Namely:
• Annex 1 - Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes
• Annex 2 - Additional signals for FV fishing in close proximity
• Annex 3 - Technical details of sound signaling appliances
• Annex 4 - Distress Signals
Rule 1 - Application
a) Applicable to all vessels. Applicable upon the high seas and in all navigable
waters connected therewith.
b) Local authorities can make local navigation rules. Should be similar to these
rules.
e.g. Inland rues in United States of America
c) Special rule can be made by the government of any State for specific lights or
signal.
e.g. Special signal requirement in the Straits of Singapore
d) Rules apply in adopted TSS which can be found in IMO Guide to Ship
Routeing.
e) Exceptions allowed based upon specific nature of work or construction of
particular vessel.
 e.g. Navigation lights on Aircraft Carriers and submarines.

Rule 2 - Responsibility
• Rule 2 is sometimes referred to as the "General Prudential" rule.
• Mariner has two fold duty:
1. To comply with rules, and
2. To prevent collision.
• Paramount to avoid or minimise the damaging effects of a collision, as opposed
to blindly following the rules to the letter.
• Overall intent to minimise actual collision taking place rather than rule
compliance.
• A departure is only permitted when there are special circumstances and there is
immediate danger.
• The departure must be of such a nature as to avoid the danger which threatens.

Rule 2 - Responsibility - Case Law


• Duty to depart if necessary - not only justified but also expected Tasmania-City
of Corinth (Lord Herschell, 1890).

Rule 3 – General Definitions

Part A – General
• Rule 1 - Application
• Rule 2 - Responsibility
• Rule 3 – Definitions

Part B – Steering and Sailing Rules

Section I (Conduct of vessel in any condition of visibility)


• Rule 4 - Application
• Rule 5-Lookout
• Rule 6 - Safe Speed
• Rule 7 - Risk of Collision
• Rule 8-Action to Avoid Collision
• Rule 9 - Narrow Channels
• Rule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes

Section II (Conduct of vessels in sight of one another)


• Rule 11 - Application
• Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
• Rule 13 - Overtaking
• Rule 14 - Head-On Situation
• Rule 15 - Crossing
• Rule 16 - Action by Give Way Vessel
• Rule 17 - Action by Stand on Vessel
• Rule 18 – Responsibilities

Section III (Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility)


• Rule 19 - Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

Part C - Lights and Shapes

(Contains details about lights and shapes, and what lights and shapes to be
displayed depending upon type of vessel)
• Rule 20 - Application
• Rule 21 Definitions
• Rule 22 - Visibility of Lights
• Rule 23 - Power driven vessels underway
• Rule 24 - Towing and pushing
• Rule 25 - Sailing vessel underway and vessel under oars • Rule 26 -
Fishing vessels
• Rule 27 - Vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to
maneuver
• Rule 28 - Vessels constrained by their draught
• Rule 29- Pilot vessels
• Rule 30 - Anchored vessels and vessels aground
• Rule 31 - Seaplanes
• Also includes reference to WIG

Part D - Sound and Light Signals


• Rule 32 Definitions
• Rule 33 - Equipment for sound signals
• Rule 34 - Maneuvering and warning signals
• Rule 35 - Sound signals in restricted visibility
• Rule 36 - Signals to attract attention
• Rule 37 - Distress signals
• Directs to Annex IV of the Regulations

Part E - Exemptions
• Rule 38 - Exemptions
• 4 years exemption permitted from the date of entry into force of these
Regulations for certain matters
• 9 years exemption permitted from the date of entry into force of these
Regulations for certain matters
• One particular issue allowed permanent exemption
• Ships with such exemptions rare today due to age and regulatory
compliance issues with other matters. e.g. SOLAS and MARPOL
requirements.

Annexes
• ANNEX I - Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes
• ANNEX II - Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity
• ANNEX III - Technical details of sound signal appliances
• ANNEX IV - Distress signals
Amendment to Regulations
Amendments
• Maritime Safety Committee in IMO
• Passed as IMO Assembly Resolutions
Latest Amendment
• IMO Resolution A. 1004 (25)
• Adopted on 29 November 2007
• Entry into force on 1 December 2009
Rule 5 - Lookout
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and
hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing
circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation
and of the risk of collision.
• Who - every vessel
• When at all times
• What - proper lookout
• How all available means.
• New equipment?
• Intention
1. for a proper appraisal of the situation, and
2. risk of collision

Rule 6 - Safe Speed (Excerpt)


• Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper
and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate
to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.....
• Additionally, it states factors to be taken into account by all vessels;
• And, further factors to be taken into account by vessels with operational radar.
• Who - every vessel
• When at all times
• What - proceed at a safe speed
• How - take all factors into account. Additional for vessels with operating
radar
• Intention
1. Proper and effective action to avoid collision,
2. Be stopped at an appropriate distance

Rule 7 - Risk of Collision


• Who - every vessel
• When at all times
• What - determine risk of collision
• How - use all available means
• Talks about use of radar, how to use
• Caution when close to other vessels.
• Cross reference
• Rule 5-Lookout
• Rule 34- Manoeuvring and warning signals
• Rule 35-Sound signals in restricted visibility
Crude Oil Tankers

Bulk carrier

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