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Lecture 31

This document provides an introduction to soil-structure interaction (SSI) for deep foundations. It discusses how SSI affects seismic response, including modifying free-field motion, kinematic interaction between the soil and foundation, and inertial interaction between the soil and superstructure. Examples of infrastructure damage from past earthquakes demonstrate how SSI influenced seismic performance, such as liquefaction-induced pile failures. The objectives of SSI analysis and factors important to consider for structures on soft soil versus rock are also outlined.

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anurag pawar
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21 views

Lecture 31

This document provides an introduction to soil-structure interaction (SSI) for deep foundations. It discusses how SSI affects seismic response, including modifying free-field motion, kinematic interaction between the soil and foundation, and inertial interaction between the soil and superstructure. Examples of infrastructure damage from past earthquakes demonstrate how SSI influenced seismic performance, such as liquefaction-induced pile failures. The objectives of SSI analysis and factors important to consider for structures on soft soil versus rock are also outlined.

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anurag pawar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS

Lecture 31: Introduction to Soil-Structure Interaction


B.K. MAHESHWARI
Professor, Dept. of Earthquake Engineering, IIT Roorkee
E-mail: [email protected]

1
ERD of Foundations - Modules
1. Introduction
2. Shallow Foundations
3. Pile Foundations
4. Well Foundations
5. SSI for Deep Foundations
6. Miscellaneous

2
Module - 5

SSI for Deep Foundations

3
Module - 5: Chapters
1. Introduction to Soil-Structure Interaction
2. Major Effects of SSI and Methods of Analysis
3. SGM and Wave Propagation
4. Ground Response Analysis
5. Soil-Pile Interaction

4
Chapter -1: Introduction to SSI
1. Damage due to SSI in past Earthquakes
2. Basic Objective of SSI
3. Importance of SSI
4. Steps of SSI: Free Field Motion,
Kinematic Interaction and Inertial Interaction

5
Liquefaction Induced Bearing Capacity Failure to Piles
(1964 Niigata, Japan Earthquake)
6
Damage of Bridges in Past Earthquakes
SOFTENING OF PILE FOUN-
DATIONS IN LIQUEFIABLE SOILS
(NISHIOMIYA BRIDGE)
Kobe Earthquake,1995

THE SHOWA BRIDGE WITH


ONE SPAN OF ITS DECK
FALLEN TO THE GROUND.
Niigata Earthquake,1964

7
Damage of Bridges in Past EQs

Damage to
Hanshin
Expressway
during 1995
Kobe EQ

8
Damage of Bridges in Past EQs

Higashi-Nada Viaduct collapse in the 1995 Kobe Earthquake


due to amplification of strong ground motion
9
Damage of Storage Tank in Kobe EQ

Liquefaction of Soil, No
Damage to Tank due to
Pile Foundation

10
Damage of Bridges in Past EQs

Damage to Pier Cap of


a Bridge in Bhuj EQ of
January 26, 2001

11
Distortion of Piles during Seismic Loads

12
Basic Objective of SSI:
Modeling of Unbounded
External
Domain Seismic Dynamic
Loading Loading

Structure

Soil-Stratum

Fictitious
Boundary

13
Importance of SSI – Two Different Sites

Seismic response of
structures founded on
rock site and on soft
soil site

14
For the Structures founded on Rock
 The horizontal motion can be applied directly to the base of the
structure. The input acceleration resulting in the applied horizontal
inertial loads will be constant over the height of the structure.
 During the earthquake, an overturning moment and a transverse shear
acting at base will develop. As the rock is very stiff, these two stress
resultants will not lead to any (additional) deformation at the base.
 The resulting horizontal displacement of the base is thus equal to the
control motion; no rocking motion arises at the base.
 For a given control motion, the seismic response of the structure
depends only on the properties of the structure.
For the Structures founded on Soft Soil
The motion of the base of the structure in point O will be different from the
control motion in the control point A because of the coupling of the structure-
soil system. The soil affects the dynamic response of the structure in 3 ways:
(a) It modifies the free-field motion (i.e. the motion of the site in the absence of the structure
and of any excavation). If there were no soil on top of the rock in point C of Fig. 2c, the
motion in this fictitious rock outcrop shown in Fig. 2b would be same as the control
motion of the rock in point A. The presence of the soil layer will reduce the motion in
point C (Fig. 2c). This wave will propagate vertically through the soil layer, resulting in
motions in points D and E which differ from that in C. Points D and E are nodes in the
free field which will subsequently lie on the structure-soil interface when the structure
has been built. In general, the motion is amplified, but not always (depending on its
frequency content), thus resulting in horizontal displacements that increase towards the
free surface of the site.
Effects of SSI - Structures on Soft Soil

Seismic response of structure founded on soft soil


(b) Outcropping rock; (c) Free field response;
(d) Kinematic interaction; (e) Inertial interaction
For the Structures founded on Soft Soil (continue)
b. Excavating and inserting the rigid base (say foundation) into the site will modify the
motion (Fig. 2d). The rigid base will experience some average displacements and a
rocking component. This rigid body motion will result in accelerations (leading to
inertial loads) which will vary over the height of the structure, in contrast to the
applied accelerations in the case of a structure founded on rock. This kind of
interaction between soil and base in the absence of superstructure is called
kinemetic interaction.

c. In the presence of structure, the inertial loads applied to the structure will lead to an
overturning moment and a transverse shear acting at point O. This will cause
deformation in the soil and thus once again modify the motion at the base. This part
of the analysis is referred as inertial interaction.
Effects of SSI - Structures on Soft Soil

Seismic response of structure founded on soft soil


(b) Outcropping rock; (c) Free field response;
(d) Kinematic interaction; (e) Inertial interaction
Schematic Effects of Presence of Soft Soil
Control Motion + Effect of Soil

Modified Free-Field Motion


+ Effect of Base (e.g. Foundation)

Kinematic Interaction (K.I.)


+ Effect of Structure (e.g. Structure)

Inertial Interaction (I.I.)


20
References:

Wolf J.P. (1985), “Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction”,


Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA

21
Thank You

22

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