ALEEYA MAISARAH BINTI RAZALI D032210410 S3G2

NUR NAJWA ASYILA BINTI ZAINAL HATIFF D032210306 S3G2

1.1.1 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

1. Browse the Internet and find THREE of your favourite sites. Document the following for

each of the sites:

i. The URL of the Website

ii. Fully qualified domain name

iii. Generic top-level domain

iv. Country-code top-level domain

v. Site category (commercial, entertainment, education, etc) based on the generic top-level

domain

URL Fully qualified Generic top- Country- Site Category

domain name level domain code
suffix toplevel
domain
https://shopee.com.my/ shopee.com.my .com.my .my Online
marketplace
https://www.pizzahut.com.my/ Pizzahut.com.my .com.my .my Fast food
chains website
https://cottonon.com/MY/ cottonon.com/MY .com/MY /MY Fashion
website

Investigating Domain Names

1. Using an Internet search engine like www.google.com, browse around and try to find one

URL example for each of the generic top-level domains such as *.edu, *.gov, *.com, *.net.

DOMAIN URL
Edu https://ulearn-ictm.utem.edu.my/
Gov https://www.moh.gov.my/
Com https://www.tealive.com.my/
net https://www.microsoft.net/
2. Many Internet Service Providers provide the service of registering a domain name for you.

Browse to www.checkdomain.com, and use the resources there to check if your name is

already registered as a domain name.

3. List the URL of TWO Websites that handles domain name registration service in Malaysia.

i. ____________ https://www.exabytes.my/ ___________________

ii. __________ https://www.shinjiru.com.my/ _____________________

1.1.3 Using Search Boxes Effectively

1. When using search utilities on the Web, knowing how to use search boxes effectively can

make your work easier. The expression AND, OR, NOT and NEAR can be used to narrow

down a search and the keywords host, link, title, filetype and image can make your searches

more powerful.

2. The following table lists explanations and examples of each. Please note that not all search

engines accept these keywords or expressions.

3. Use the above keyword or expression to perform searching on the Web.

a. AND - https://cafedelites.com/chocolate-cake/

b. OR - https://www.diffen.com/difference/Dark_Chocolate_vs_White_Chocolate

c. NOT - https://snackshop.com/candy/non-chocolate.html

d. Title – Web Programming

e. Link - https://www.amazon.com/

f. image - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LOTR.jpg

g. filetype - file:///C:/Users/student/Downloads/activity.pdf

1.1.4 Tracking Packets

1. Identify a Website that can find the IP addresses associated with the given domain names:

thestar.com.my and mycen.com.my.

Website IP addresses
thestar.com.my 18.139.211.27
mycen.com.my 185.93.164.160

1.1.6 The Web Programmer’s Toolbox

1. The Web Programmer’s Toolbox is the most common tools used in Web programming –

some are programming languages, some are not.

2. Search the Web for information on the history of the following technologies, and write a

brief overview of those histories:

a. TCP/IP: TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It was developed in the
1970s by researchers at the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA). TCP/IP became the foundational protocol suite of the Internet, enabling the communication and
data exchange between different devices on a network.

b. SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language): SGML was developed in the 1960s and 1970s by
IBM. It's a markup language for describing the structure and content of documents in a platform-
independent manner. SGML laid the groundwork for HTML and XML.

c. XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language): XHTML is a reformulation of HTML in XML syntax. It
was developed as part of the HTML family and aimed to bring HTML into conformity with XML. XHTML
was introduced as a bridge between HTML and the more structured XML.
d. ARPAnet: ARPAnet was one of the earliest packet-switching networks and the precursor to the
Internet. Developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department
of Defense, ARPAnet began in the late 1960s and became operational in 1969. It connected research
institutions and was instrumental in the development of many networking technologies, including
TCP/IP.

e. BITNET (Because It's Time Network): BITNET was a network established in the 1980s to connect
academic institutions primarily in the United States and Canada. It relied on leased lines to transmit data
and provided email and file transfer services to its users. BITNET played a significant role in the early
development of computer networking in academia.

f. XML (Extensible Markup Language): XML emerged in the late 1990s as a standard for structuring and
organizing data in a text-based format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It was
designed to be extensible and flexible, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including data
exchange between different systems and platforms.

g. JavaScript: JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich in 1995 while he was working at Netscape
Communications. Originally developed under the name Mocha, it was later renamed JavaScript.
JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language primarily used for creating dynamic and
interactive content on web pages.

h. Flash: Flash, originally developed by Macromedia and later acquired by Adobe, was a multimedia
software platform used for creating animations, interactive applications, and web content. It gained
popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s but declined in usage due to the emergence of HTML5 and
its native multimedia capabilities.

i. Servlets: Servlets are Java programming language components that dynamically process requests and
generate responses for web applications. They were introduced as part of the Java Enterprise Edition
(Java EE) platform and provide a way to extend the functionality of web servers.

j. JSP (JavaServer Pages): JSP is a technology that allows developers to create dynamic web pages using
Java. It enables embedding Java code within HTML pages, making it easier to build dynamic content and
interact with server-side resources.

k. JSF (JavaServer Faces): JSF is a Java-based web application framework for building user interfaces for
web applications. It simplifies the development of web applications by providing reusable UI
components and a rich set of tools for managing application state and handling user input.
l. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor): PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development.
It was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 and has since become one of the most widely used
programming languages for web development, powering millions of websites and web applications.

m. Ruby: Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented programming language that was designed and developed
by Yukihiro Matsumoto in the mid-1990s. It emphasizes simplicity and productivity, with an elegant
syntax that focuses on developer happiness and code readability.

n. Rails (Ruby on Rails): Ruby on Rails, often simply called Rails, is a web application framework written
in Ruby. It was created by David Heinemeier Hansson and released in 2004. Rails follows the model-
view-controller (MVC) architectural pattern and provides a set of conventions to streamline web
development.

o. Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML): Ajax is a set of web development techniques used to create
asynchronous web applications. It allows web pages to update content dynamically without requiring a
full page reload. Ajax combines JavaScript, XML (or JSON), HTML, and CSS to create interactive user
experiences.