TYPES OF BILINGUAL

EDUCATION PROGRAMS

ADVANTAGES OF
BILINGUALISM AND
MULTILINGUALISM

THERESA GRACE L. ORTEZA

 PRAYER

DEAR LORD,
BEFORE WE START OUR CLASS, WE WANT TO EXPRESS
OUR GRATITUDE FOR GIVING US ANOTHER DAY TO
STUDY. THANK YOU FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN
AND SERVE OTHERS. GIVE US THE ABILITY TO
COMPREHEND SO THAT WE CAN GRASP THE LESSONS
BEING TAUGHT. BLESS OUR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
WITH WISDOM TO LEARN FROM EACH OTHER. MAY
EVERYTHING GO ACCORDING TO YOUR WILL AND
PURPOSE. ALL THIS WE ASK IN JESUS' NAME,
AMEN.
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
• Define Bilingual Education,
• Describe the various bilingual education
program models, including their features and
components; and
• Analyze the advantages and disadvantages
of bilingualism and multilingualism
 BILINGUAL EDUCATION

Bilingual Education involves teaching

academic content in two languages, in a
native and secondary language with
varying amounts of each language used in
accordance with the program model.
 BILINGUAL EDUCATION

The other language is the one which is

essential as a medium of schooling, or
communication, hence vital for national
development, or for that reason, social and
economic necessity
 BILINGUAL EDUCATION EXAMPLES
Math or Geography – through an additional language
(such as English) and some subjects through their first
language, or they may study the same subject through
two languages.

This understanding of bilingual education is linked to

other educational concepts such as Content and
Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and dual-
language education.
 GOALS OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION
•The main purpose of the program is to teach
English as soon as possible and integrate the
children into the mainstream of education.
• Maintain the native language and culture
while children learn English. Neither of
them should be the central theme with
reference to culture.
 TYPES OF
BILINGUAL
EDUCATION
 BILINGUAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS
There are 5 types of Bilingual Education
Programs:
• Transitional Bilingual Education
• Developmental Bilingual Education
• Dual Language Education
• Bilingual Immersion Program
• Heritage Language Program
TRANSITIONAL BILINGUAL EDUCATION
Also called “early-exit,” It is the most common type in the U.S.
• Target Population: English learners who speak the same
language
• Typical Grade Span: K – 3
• Language Goals: To learn English as quickly as possible
• Academic Goals: Meet grade-level content-area standards
and transition to mainstream classrooms as soon as possible
• Instruction: 90% in students’ L1 and 10% English.
Instructions in L1 decreases quickly as students move up in
grade level
DEVELOPMENTAL BILINGUAL EDUCATION
Also called “late-exit,” it is less common than early-exit
models
• Target Population: English learners who speak the same
language
• Typical Grade Span: K – 6
• Language Goals: Bilingualism and biliteracy
• Academic Goals: Meet grade-level content-area standards
and be prepared to fulfill societal needs with bilingual skills
• Instruction: 90% in students’ L1 and 10% English.
Instructions in L1 decreases quickly as students move up in
grade level.
 TWO-WAY DUAL LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Also called “two-way immersion”
• Target Population: Even numbers of English
learners and English-proficient students
• Typical Grade Span: K – 6
• Language Goals: Bilingualism and biliteracy
• Academic Goals: Meet or exceed grade-level
content-area standards and be prepared to fulfill
societal needs with bilingual skills
• Culture Goals: Cross-cultural understanding
 TWO-WAY DUAL LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Instruction
• 50/50 Model: 50% in the L1 of English learners and
50% in English in all grade levels
• 80/20 Model: Begins with 80% in the L1 of English
learners and 20% in English. Becomes 50/50 over
time.
• 90/10 Model: Begins with 90% in the L1 of English
learners and 10% in English. Becomes 50/50 over
time.
ONE--WAY DUAL LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Also called “one-way immersion”

• The only difference between the one-way and

two-way is that one-way only services one
target population (English learners only),
whereas two-way services English learners
and English proficient students.
 BILINGUAL IMMERSION PROGRAM
Also called “immersion program” Not to be confused with one-
way dual language.
• Target Population: English learners or non-ELs who have
little or no proficiency in the target language
• Typical Grade Span: K – 6
• Language Goals: Bilingualism and biliteracy
• Academic Goals: Meet grade-level content-area standards
and be prepared to fulfill societal needs with bilingual skills
• Instruction: 90-100% in non-ELs’ L1 for the first 2 years; evens
out gradually to 50% as they move up in grade level.
 HERITAGE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS
Also known as community language programs for native speakers
• Target Population: ELs or non-ELs who have varying levels of proficiency
in their language.
• Typical Grade Span: Any level (K-12, college/university)
• Language Goals: Broaden linguistic repertoire in heritage language,
with attention to literacy in that language
• Academic Goals: Meet grade-level content-area standards related to
foreign-language meaning and be prepared to fulfill societal needs with
bilingual skills
• Instruction: The heritage language is taught as a separate subject in
school, between 1 and 5 or more hours a week; foreign language courses
designed for native speakers are also offered.
ADVANTAGES OF
BILINGUALISM
AND
MULTILINGUALISM
1. You have more career prospects available to you because of
multilingualism –
When you can speak multiple languages, then your value as an
employee increases exponentially with each new language
that you learn. The idea is that when children are exposed to
multiple languages from birth, then they are simply learning
two first languages instead of a primary and then secondary
option.
Exposing children early on to new languages gives them a
head start in their future career. If you can learn even one new
language, then you can earn up to 15% more in salary for the
average position. Each additional language that you know can
raise that level by another 10%.
2. It creates an opportunity for early diversity –
Ask the average child what they care most about in
life and it won’t be cultural issues, political
debates, or the status of immigration or religion.
Kids want to spend their time playing video
games, making friends, being challenged at
school, and having fun whenever they can. Having
access to a multilingual education provides an
opportunity to celebrate the diversity found in
human cultures.
3. Multilingualism improves a person’s working memory –
A multilingual education works to improve the working
memory of the individual learning multiple secondary
languages. This improvement provides for better information
processing capabilities when there is exposure to new audio
stimuli, ideas, concepts and real-life experiences. At the same
time, individuals who pursue a multilingual educational
opportunity experience lower levels of fear and anxiety.
People who can speak multiple languages also tend to have
more friends compared to single-language students. When
you can communicate with more people fluently, there’s a rise
in conversations that lead to friendship.
4. You can travel with more convenience because you
understand what others are saying –
Although one of the disadvantages of speaking multiple
languages is an almost constant need to prove your nationality,
being multilingual makes it a lot easier to travel around the
world. You might be asked to speak in your home language or
offer your passport as evidence when making your way through
customs, but the benefits here almost always outweigh the
negatives. Knowing what you are ordering at a restaurant,
asking for directions to a specific destination, or requesting a
recommendation are all much easier when you can speak the
local language instead of trying to use Google Translate.
5. Being multilingual allows for individual wisdom to
develop –
There are numerous definitions for wisdom, people
develop this trait because of their personal life
experiences. When you have the opportunity to pursue
multilingualism, you can access more personal
experiences through the lens of different cultures. Your
fluency can make a difference. When an individual has
access to greater wisdom when making decisions, they
can better process the difference between right and
wrong in their lives. That makes it a lot easier to keep
choosing the proper path to take.
 ACTIVITY
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. Which bilingual education program aims to transition

students from their native language to English over time?
a) Developmental Bilingual Education
b) Dual Language Education
c) Bilingual Immersion Program
d) Heritage Language Program
2. Which bilingual education program emphasizes instruction in both
the native language and English to support academic development?
a) Transitional Bilingual Education
b) Dual Language Education
c) Bilingual Immersion Program
d) Heritage Language Program

3. In which bilingual education program do students receive

instruction in two languages with the goal of bilingual proficiency
and academic achievement?
a) Transitional Bilingual Education
b) Developmental Bilingual Education
c) Dual Language Education
d) Heritage Language Program
4. Which bilingual education program immerses students in both
English and another language for the majority of the school day?
a) Transitional Bilingual Education
b) Developmental Bilingual Education
c) Dual Language Education
d) Bilingual Immersion Program

5. Which bilingual education program focuses on preserving and

developing proficiency in a student's heritage language?
a) Transitional Bilingual Education
b) Developmental Bilingual Education
c) Dual Language Education
d) Heritage Language Program
 Answer Key:

1. a) Developmental Bilingual Education

2. b) Dual Language Education
3. c) Dual Language Education
4. d) Bilingual Immersion Program
5. d) Heritage Language Program
THANK YOU!