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Hello!
Group 2
Members:
Cadavero, Nica C.
Mabuti, Ayana Shane G.
Olaguir, John Mhar C.
Guessing game!
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Mechanics of the
Game
We will present a picture and you are going to guess who's
that person.

Failure to guess the picture shown, will automatically

answer a question.

Are you all ready?

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History of computer
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What is a computer?
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A computer is an electronic machine that

collects information, stores it, processes it
according to user instructions, and then
returns the result.
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Early Computing Devices

✖ Abacus
Abacus was invented by the Chinese around 4000
years ago. It’s a wooden rack with metal rods with
beads attached to them.
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Early Computing Devices

✖ Napier’s Bone
John Napier devised Napier’s Bones, a manually
operated calculating apparatus. For calculating, this
instrument used 9 separate ivory strips (bones)
marked with numerals to multiply and divide.
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Early Computing Devices

✖ Pascaline
Pascaline was invented in 1642 by Biaise Pascal, a
French mathematician and philosopher. It was a
wooden box with gears and wheels inside.
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Early Computing Devices

✖ Stepped Reckoner or Leibniz wheel
In 1673, a German mathematician-philosopher
named Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improved on
Pascal’s invention to create this apparatus.
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Early Computing Devices

✖ Difference Engine
In the early 1820s, Charles Babbage created the
Difference Engine. It was a mechanical computer
that could do basic computations.
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Early Computing Devices

✖ Analytical Engine
Charles Babbage created another calculating
machine, the Analytical Engine, in 1830. It was a
mechanical computer that took input from punch
cards.
 Early Computing Devices
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✖ Tabulating Machine
An American Statistician – Herman Hollerith
invented this machine in the year 1890. Tabulating
Machine was a punch card-based mechanical
tabulator. It could compute statistics and record or
sort data or information.
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✖ Differential Analyzer
Vannevar Bush introduced the first electrical
computer, the Differential Analyzer, in 1930. This
machine is made up of vacuum tubes that switch
electrical impulses in order to do calculations.
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History of Computers
Generation
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The word ‘computer’ has a very interesting origin. It was

first used in the 16th century for a person who used to
compute, i.e. do calculations.

First mechanical computer – Analytical Engine was a

general-purpose computer designed and developed by
Charles Babbage in 1833.
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First Electronic Computer –Electronic Numerical

Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was invented by
John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert for general
purpose.
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First Laptop -The first laptop was introduced by

Adam Osborne and EPSON in 1981.
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Generation of Computers
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Five generations of computer

✖ Time-period ✖ Generations ✖ Evolving
of Computer hardware
1.1940-1950 First Vacuum-tube
Second based
2.1950-1960
Third Transistor based
3.1960-1970
Integrated-
Circuit based
4.1970-present Fourth
Microprocessor-
based
5.present-future Fifth
Artificial
Intelligence
based
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The First Generation of Computers- (the 1940s-1950s)

1. The main electronic component used in the computers of the 1940s to

1950s era were vacuum tubes.
2. The main memory storing units were magnetic tapes and magnetic
drums.
3. The machine language was used as the programming language.
4. The sizes used to be very large which could take up entire rooms and
the speed was very slow.
5. The only input/output devices were paper tape and punched cards.
6. Around 100 different vacuum tubes were used in order to produce the
computers.
7. Examples are UNIVAC1, ENIAC, IBM 701 and IBM 650, etc.
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UNIVAC 1
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The Second Generation of Computers- (the 1950s-1960s)

✖ The main electronic component used in the computers of the

1950s to 1960s era were transistors.
✖ The main memory storing units were magnetic tape or disk and
magnetic core.
✖ The assembly language was used as the programming language.
✖ The sizes were smaller as compared to those of the first
generation and they used to consume low power and generate
less heat.
✖ There was an improvement in speed.
✖ The input/output devices were magnetic tape and punched
cards.
✖ Examples are IBM 1401, IBM 7094 AND IBM 7090, UNIVAC 1107,
and so on.
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IBM 1401
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The Third Generation of Computers- (the 1960s-1970s)

✖ The main electronic components used in the computers of the

era 1060s to 1970s were integrated circuits ICs.
✖ The memory storing units were the magnetic disk or take and a
large magnetic core.
✖ High-level languages such as BASIC, COBOL, Pascal were used
as the programming language.
✖ The sizes were smaller and efficient and the computers were
called minicomputers.
✖ There was an improvement in reliability and speed as compared
to the second generation of computers.
✖ The input/output devices were keyboards, magnetic tape
monitor, printer, etc.
✖ Examples are IBM 370, IBM 360, UNIVAC 1108 and so on.
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IBM 370
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The Fourth Generation of Computers- (1970s-present)

✖ The main electronic components used in the fourth generation of computers

are microprocessors and very large scale integration (VLSI).
✖ When thousands of transistors are attached to a single microchip, it is known
as VLSI.
✖ Semiconductor memory storage units such as RAM, ROM, etc. were
introduced.
✖ RAM (random-access memory)- Temporarily stores the programs and data
and the contents are lost when the computer is shut down.
✖ ROM (read-only memory)- Permanently stores the data and programs and the
contents are retained even after shutting down the computer.
✖ High-level languages such as C#, JAVA, Python, JavaScript are used as
programming languages.
✖ The sizes are smaller and the speed has improved.
✖ The input/output devices are a monitor, mouse, keyboard, printer, and so on.
✖ Examples are STAR 1000, APPLE II, IBM PC, and so on.
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APPLE II
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The Fifth Generation of Computers- (present and the future)

✖ The main electronic components that are used in the present

generation of computers is the AI which uses the parallel
processing method and the Ultra-Large Scale Integration
(ULSI).
✖ Thefifth generation of computers understands the natural
human language.
✖ The speeds are really fast and the sizes are also small.
✖ The fifth-generation computers are portable and have a huge
storage capacity.
✖ The input/output devices are keyboards, monitors, touchscreen
pens, printers, light scanners, and so on.
✖ Examples are laptops, desktops, tablets, smartphones, etc.
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TYPES OF COMPUTER
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Analog Computers – Analog computers are built with

various components such as gears and levers,
with no electrical components.

Digital Computers – A digital computer is a

system or gadget that can process any type of
information in a matter of seconds.
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Digital computers are categorized into many different types. They are as follows:

Mainframe computers – It is a computer that is generally utilized

by large enterprises for mission-critical activities such as massive
data processing.

Supercomputers -are enormous systems that are purpose-built

to solve complicated scientific and industrial problems.
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Minicomputers – A minicomputer is a type of computer that

has many of the same features and capabilities as a larger
computer but is smaller in size.

Microcomputers – A microcomputer is a small computer

that is based on a microprocessor integrated circuit, often
known as a chip.

Embedded processors – These are miniature computers

that control electrical and mechanical processes with
basic microprocessors.
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Thank you ☺