A.S.C.S.

Private Institute Rules of Integration Orestis Pallikaras

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:

Z x Z b
′
f (x) = f (t) dt and f ′ (x) dx = f (b) − f (a)
a a
Standard Integrals:
Z Z
f (x) f (x) dx (+C) f (x) f (x) dx (+C)

Constant

c cx 5 5x

Power Rule
xn+1
xn 3x2 x3
n+1
1 x−n+1 2 2 1
= x−n = x−3 − x−2
xn −n + 1 3x 3 3 3
1
√
n
1 x n +1 √ 1 5
x = xn 1 5 4 x = 5x 4 4x 4
n +1

Exponential & Logarithmic

ax 2 · 3x
ax 2 · 3x
ln a ln 3
ex ex 7ex 7ex
1 8 8
ln |x| ln |x|
x 5x 5

Trigonometric

sin x − cos x 3 sin x −3 cos x

cos x sin x 5 cos x 5 sin x

tan x (GIVEN) ln |sec x| 2 tan x 2 ln |sec x|

cot x (GIVEN) ln |sin x| 4 cot x 4 ln |sin x|

sec x (GIVEN) ln |sec x + tan x| 7 sec x 7 ln |sec x + tan x|

cosec x (GIVEN) − ln |cosec x + cot x| 9 cosec x −9 ln |cosec x + cot x|

sec2 x (GIVEN) tan x 8 sec2 x 8 tan x

cosec2 x − cot x 6 cosec2 x −6 cot x

sec x tan x sec x 2 sec x tan x 2 sec x

cosec x cot x − cosec x 7 cosec x cot x −7 cosec x

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A.S.C.S. Private Institute Rules of Integration Orestis Pallikaras

Integration by Parts: Z Z
′
uv = uv − u′ v

(GIVEN)
Recognition/Reverse Chain Rule:

g ′ (f (x)) f ′ (x) g (f (x)) (+C) g ′ (f (x)) f ′ (x) g (f (x)) (+C)

Power Rule

f (x)n+1 (2x + 3)5

f ′ (x)f (x)n 2(2x + 3)4
n+1 5
f ′ (x) f (x)−n+1 sec2 x tan−2 x
= f ′ (x)f (x)−n = sec2 x tan−3 x
f (x)n −n + 1 tan3 x −2
1 6
1 f (x) n +1 √ 1 5(x + 1) 5
f ′ (x) n f (x) = f ′ (x)f (x) n
p 5
1 x + 1 = (x + 1) 5
n +1
6

Exponential & Logarithmic

af (x) 24x+5
f ′ (x)af (x) 4 · 24x+5
ln a ln 2
2 2
f ′ (x)ef (x) ef (x) −2xe−x e−x

f ′ (x) 3x2 − 5
ln |f (x)| ln x3 − 5x + 8
f (x) x3 − 5x + 8

Trigonometric

1
f ′ (x) sin f (x) − cos f (x) sin kx − cos kx
k
1
f ′ (x) cos f (x) sin f (x) cos kx sin kx
k
1
f ′ (x) tan f (x) ln |sec f (x)| tan kx (GIVEN) ln |sec kx|
k
1
f ′ (x) cot f (x) ln |sin f (x)| cot kx (GIVEN) ln |sin kx|
k
1
f ′ (x) sec f (x) ln |sec f (x) + tan f (x)| sec kx (GIVEN) ln |sec kx + tan kx|
k
1
f ′ (x) cosec f (x) − ln |cosec f (x) + cot f (x)| cosec kx (GIVEN) − ln |cosec kx + cot kx|
k
1
f ′ (x) sec2 f (x) tan f (x) sec2 kx (GIVEN) tan kx
k
1
f ′ (x) cosec2 f (x) − cot f (x) cosec2 kx − cot kx
k
1
f ′ (x) sec f (x) tan f (x) sec f (x) sec kx tan kx sec kx
k
1
f ′ (x) cosec f (x) cot f (x) − cosec f (x) cosec kx cot kx − cosec kx
k