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Lecture

This document provides information about turbo engine construction and ramjet engines. It discusses the main components of turbo engines which include the compressor, combustor, turbine, and nozzle. The compressor compresses air and raises its pressure and temperature before delivering it to the combustor. The combustor mixes the compressed air with fuel and burns it, producing hot exhaust gases. The turbine converts the energy of these gases into mechanical energy to power the compressor. Finally, the nozzle allows the gases to expand and produce thrust. Ramjet engines operate similarly but lack a turbine to power the compressor. They rely solely on the vehicle's air speed for compression.

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apdallhaied67
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18 views

Lecture

This document provides information about turbo engine construction and ramjet engines. It discusses the main components of turbo engines which include the compressor, combustor, turbine, and nozzle. The compressor compresses air and raises its pressure and temperature before delivering it to the combustor. The combustor mixes the compressed air with fuel and burns it, producing hot exhaust gases. The turbine converts the energy of these gases into mechanical energy to power the compressor. Finally, the nozzle allows the gases to expand and produce thrust. Ramjet engines operate similarly but lack a turbine to power the compressor. They rely solely on the vehicle's air speed for compression.

Uploaded by

apdallhaied67
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Borg Al arab Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology

Mechanical Engineering Department

Gas Dynamics
Lecture (6)
 Turbo Engine Construction
 Ramjet Engines
Prepared by

Dr. Mohamed Mansour Helal

 PhD, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University


 Lecturer at Mechanical Engineering Department, Borg Al arab
Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology
Main contents:

1 Turbo Engine Construction

2 Ramjet Engines
1. Turbo Engine Construction

 They are basically gas turbine systems that operate


on the same basic of the Brayton cycle except
Ramjet engines.
 Various types of turbo propulsion engines are
developed.
Thrust of these engines
• Turbo-jet results from the action of
• Turbo-fan exhaust gases (jet) leaving
• Turbo-prop the engine. Hence , the
• Turbo-shaft name “Jet” is applied to
• Ramjet them.
Main Components of Turbo Engines

 The main components of Turbo engines are the same as Gas


turbines plus Propulsion Nozzle. The exception is Ramjet
engines. They are as following:

Compressor Nozzle

Combustor or Turbine
Combustion chamber
Compressor
 Is made up of fans with many blades. It compresses the air
and raises the pressure and temperature of the air and then
delivered to the burner.
 A diffuser Section may be used after the compressor.
 The diffuser has an expanding diameter to
decrease
the velocity and increase the pressure of the
air.
 The air leaving the compressor stages flows through a diffuser
section to
prepare the air for entry to the
combustion chamber at low velocity to permit
proper mixing with fuel.
Combustion Chamber
 It contains the burning process .
 Fuel is sprayed to the compressed air.
 The mixture of fuel+ air is then burned.
 The results (products) are heated (exhaust) gases with high
energy (high pressure & high temperature).
 Design considerations must ensure
complete
combustion of the fuel and low pressure loss
across the combustor.
 Combustors play a crucial role in determining many
important engines operating characteristics such as fuel
efficiency & Levels of emissions.
Types of Combustion Chamber

Can Double Annular


Combustor Combustor

Cannular Combustor Annular Combustor


Turbine

 The turbine type used in all jet engines is axial flow


design.
 It contains the expansion process of the heated gases .
 The expansion process of the heated gases converts the
enthalpy energy to mechanical energy to rotate the shaft to
drive the compressor.
 Nearly 75% of the produced mechanical energy is consumed
to drive the compressor.
 The two main parts of the of the turbine are: The disk
(wheel) and the blades.
The turbine blades are shrouded at the tip. These shrouds
…serves the following:

Reduce the blade Increase the efficiency


vibration of the turbine
 The turbine wheel is subjected to very high stresses.
 The two main types of stresses are: Thermal stresses
&centrifugal loads.

It operates at high It operates at high


temperature of product rotational speeds (about
gases (about 1000 c) 4000 to 8000 rpm)

The engine speed & turbine inlet temperature must be


accurately controlled to keep the turbine within safe operating
limits.
Exhaust Nozzle

 Is responsible for producing thrust to propel the


aircraft.
 After the turbine, the gases are allowed to expand
through the nozzle to atmospheric pressure
producing high velocity gases.
Types of propulsion systems

Air breathing Non-air breathing


propulsion systems propulsion systems

Rocket Nuclear Electric

Reciprocating Turbo propulsion


engines engines

Turboshaft Turbojet Ramjet Turbfan Turbprop


2. Ramjet Engines
Thank you

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