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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture

The document introduces key concepts of computer architecture and organization. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to the programmer, such as the instruction set and data representation. Organization refers to how the architecture is implemented internally, including things like control signals and memory technology. The document outlines that while instruction sets may be compatible between systems with the same architecture, the internal organization can differ between versions. It also provides a high-level overview of the functional components and structure of a basic computer system.

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muzammil kibriya
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53 views15 pages

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture

The document introduces key concepts of computer architecture and organization. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to the programmer, such as the instruction set and data representation. Organization refers to how the architecture is implemented internally, including things like control signals and memory technology. The document outlines that while instruction sets may be compatible between systems with the same architecture, the internal organization can differ between versions. It also provides a high-level overview of the functional components and structure of a basic computer system.

Uploaded by

muzammil kibriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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William Stallings

Computer Organization
and Architecture

Chapter 1
Introduction
Architecture & Organization 1
• Architecture is those attributes visible to the
programmer
—Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
• Organization is how features are implemented
—Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by
repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
• The IBM System/370 family share the same
basic architecture

• This gives code compatibility


—At least backwards
• Organization differs between different versions
Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components relate
to each other
• Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
Function
• All computer functions are:
—Data processing
—Data storage
—Data movement
—Control
Functional view
Operations (1) Data movement
Operations (2) Storage
Operation (3) Processing from/to storage
Operation (4)
Processing from storage to I/O
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Login Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
ALU Login
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory
Outline of the Book (1)
• Computer Evolution and Performance
• Computer Interconnection Structures
• Internal Memory
• External Memory
• Input/Output
• Operating Systems Support
• Computer Arithmetic
• Instruction Sets
Outline of the Book (2)
• CPU Structure and Function
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers
• Superscalar Processors
• Control Unit Operation
• Microprogrammed Control
• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
• Digital Logic (Appendix)

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