Mobile Application Development

Unit- 5

Activity And Multimedia with databases

Computer Department
 Intent

Android uses Intent for communicating between the components of an

Application and also from one application to another application.

For example: Intent facilitate you to redirect your activity to another activity
on occurrence of any event. By calling, startActivity() you can perform this
task.

Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), SecondActivity.class);

startActivity(intent);

An Intent can be used to:

1. Start an activity

2. Start a service

3. Deliver a broadcast
Types of Intents:

Explicit Intent:
• Explicit Intents are used to connect the application
internally.
• In Explicit we use the name of component which will be
affected by Intent. For Example: If we know class name
then we can navigate the app from One Activity to
another activity using Intent.
• Explicit Intent work internally within an application to
perform navigation and data transfer.

Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), SecondActivity.class);

startActivity(intent);
Types of Intents:

Implicit Intent:
In Implicit Intents we do need to specify the name of the
component. We just specify the Action which has to be
performed and further this action is handled by the
component of another application.
The basic example of implicit Intent is to open any web
page.
Intent intentObj = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intentObj.setData(Uri.parse("https://www.google.com"));
startActivity(intentObj);
Intent Filters
Intent Filter are the components which decide the behavior of
an intent. Intent filters specify the type of intents that an Activity,
service or Broadcast receiver can respond to. It declares the
functionality of its parent component (i.e. activity, services or
broadcast receiver).
Syntax of Intent Filters:
Intent filter is declared inside Manifest file for an Activity.
Attributes of Intent Filter:
1. android:icon
An icon represents the activity, service or broadcast receiver when a
user interact with it or when it appears to user in an application. To
set an icon you need to give reference of drawable resource as
declared android:icon=”@drawable/icon”.
2. android:label
A label represents the title of an activity on the toolbar. You can have
different Labels for different Activities as per your requirement or
choice. The label should be set as a reference to a string resource.
Syntax of Intent Filters:
Intent filter is declared inside Manifest file for an Activity.

<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter android:icon="@drawable/icon"
android:label="@string/label“ >
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
 Elements In Intent Filter:
There are following three elements in an intent filter:
1. Action
2. Data
3. Category
1. Action:
It represent an activities action, what an activity is going to do. Action is
a string that specifies the action to perform.It is declared with the name
attribute as given below
<action android:name = "string" />
There are few common actions for starting an activity like
ACTION_VIEW
ACTION_VIEW: This is used in an Intent with startActivity(). This helps
when you redirect to see any website, photos in gallery app or an
address to view in a map app.
Intent intentObj = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intentObj.setData(Uri.parse("https://www.google.com"));
startActivity(intentObj);
Elements In Intent Filter:
2. Data:
There are two forms in which you can pass the data, using
URI(Uniform Resource Identifiers like scheme, host, port, path)
or MIME type of data.
The syntax of data attribute is as follows:
<data android:scheme="string"
android:host="string"
android:port="string"
android:path="string"
android:pathPattern="string"
android:pathPrefix="string"
android:mimeType="string" />
Elements In Intent Filter:
ACTION DATA MEANING

Intent.ACTION_CALL tel:phone_number Opens phone application and calls phone number

Opens phone application and dials (but doesn’t

Intent.ACTION_DIAL tel:phone_number
call) phone_number

Opens phone application and dials (but doesn’t

Intent.ACTION_DIAL voicemail:
call) the voice mail number.

Opens the maps Application centered on (lat,

Intent.ACTION_VIEW geo:lat,long
long).

Opens the maps application centered on the

Intent.ACTION_VIEW geo:0,0?q=address
specified address.

http://url Opens the browser application to the specified

Intent.ACTION_VIEW
https://url address.

Opens the browser application and uses Google

Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH plain_text
search for given string
Elements In Intent Filter:
3. Category:
This attribute of Intent filter dictates the behavior or nature of an
Intent. There is a string which contains some additional
information about the intent which will be handled by a
component. The syntax of category is as follows:
<category android:name="string" />
BROWSABLE – Browsable category, activity allows itself to be
opened with web browser to open the reference link provided in
data.
LAUNCHER – Launcher category puts an activity on the top of
stack, whenever application will start, the activity containing this
category will be opened first.
Activity Lifecycle

In android, Activity represents a single screen with a user interface (UI) of

an application and it will acts an entry point for users to interact with an
app.
the android apps will contain multiple screens and each screen of our
application will be an extension of Activity class. By using activities, we can
place all our android application UI components in a single screen.

From the multiple activities in android app, one activity can be marked as
a main activity and that is the first screen to appear when we launch the
application. In android app each activity can start another activity to
perform different actions based on our requirements. Android Activity
Lifecycle is controlled by 7 methods of android.app.Activity class.
an activity goes through a series of states during its lifetime. Android
system initiates its program within an Activity starting with a call on
onCreate() callback method.

Method Description

onCreate called when activity is first created.

onStart called when activity is becoming visible to the user.

onResume called when activity will start interacting with the user.

onPause called when activity is not visible to the user.

onStop called when activity is no longer visible to the user.

onRestart called after your activity is stopped, prior to start.

onDestroy called before the activity is destroyed.

The Activity lifecycle consists of 7 methods:
onCreate() : It is called when an activity is first created. When a user opens the
app then some Activity is created. You have to implement this method in every
activity because, inside this method, all the necessary components of your
activity will be initialized. Here the initialization of your application's UI is done.
onStart(): This method is called when an activity becomes visible to the user.
When all the initialization is done by the onCreate() method, then this method is
called.
onResume(): It is called just before the user starts interacting with the
application. Most of the core functionalities of the app are implemented in this
method.
onPause(): It is called when the activity is paused i.e. it is mostly called when
you press the back or home button of your Android device. It is an indication that
the user is leaving the activity and starting some other activity.
onStop(): It is called when the activity is no longer visible to the user. If you are
starting a new activity, or some existing activity is entering into onResume()
state, then the current activity will not be visible to the user and is stopped.
onRestart(): It is called when the activity in the stopped state is about to start
again. By doing so, the state of the activity from the time it was stopped will be
restored.
onDestroy(): It is called when the activity is totally destroyed i.e. when you clear
the application stack then onDestroy() will be called and all the states of the
activity will be destroyed.
package com.example.piyush.myapplication;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Toast toast = Toast.makeText( getApplicationContext(), "onCreate Called",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
protected void onStart()
{
super.onStart();
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onStart Called",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
@Override
protected void onRestart()
{
super.onRestart();
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onRestart Called",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
protected void onPause()
{
super.onPause();
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onPause Called",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
protected void onResume()
{
super.onResume();
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onResume Called",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
 protected void onStop()
{
super.onStop();
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onStop Called",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
protected void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onDestroy Called",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
BroadcastReceiver
A broadcast receiver is an Android component which allows to register
and listen for device orientation changes like sms messsage recieved ,
phone call recieved/pick/cut ,battery status changed, the Wi-Fi came on.
With the help of broadcast receiver you will catch Android operating
system specific events and then you can code your application for that
event.
Receiving Broadcasts
In android, we can receive broadcasts by registering in two ways.
One way is by registering a broadcasts using android application
manifest file (AndroidManifest.xml). We need to specify <receiver>
element in apps manifest file like as shown below.

<receiver android:name=".SampleBroadcastReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

The above statement will fire the defined system broadcast event
Another way is to register a receiver dynamically
via Context.registerReceiver() method.
To register broadcast receiver we need to extend our class
using BroadcastReceiver and need to implement
a onReceive(Context, Intent) method like as shown below.

public class MainActivity extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, log,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
Sending Broadcasts
In android, we can send a broadcasts in apps using three different ways,
those are

Method Description

sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent, This method is used to send

String) broadcasts to one receiver at a time.

This method is used to send

sendBroadcast(Intent) broadcasts to all receivers in an
undefined order.

This method is used to send

LoadBroadcastManager.sendBro
broadcasts to receivers that are in the
adcast
same app as the sender.
System Broadcasts
In android, several system events are defined as final static
fields in the Intent class. Following are the some of system
events available in android applications.

Event Description

android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED It raise an event, once boot completed.

It is used to trigger an event when power connected

android.intent.action.POWER_CONNECTED
to the device.

It is used to trigger an event when power got

android.intent.action.POWER_DISCONNECTED
disconnected from the device.

It is used to call an event when battery is low on

android.intent.action.BATTERY_LOW
device.

It is used to call an event when battery is OKAY

android.intent.action.BATTERY_OKAY
again.

android.intent.action.REBOOT It call an event when the device rebooted again.

Content Providers
Content Provider will act as a central repository to store the applications
data in one place and make that data available for different applications to
access whenever it’s required.

The Content Provider is a part of an android application and it will act as

more like relational database to store the app data. We can perform
multiple operations like insert, update, delete and edit on the data stored in
content provider using insert() , update() , delete() and query() methods.

we can use content provider whenever we want to share our app data with
other apps and it allow us to make a modifications to our application data
without effecting other applications which depends on our app.

Access Data from Content Provider

To access a data from content provider, we need to
use ContentResolver object in our application to communicate with the
provider. in android to send a request from UI to ContentResolver we have
another object called CursorLoader which is used to run the query
asynchronously in background. The UI components such
as Activity or Fragment will call a CursorLoader to query and get a
required data from ContentProvider using ContentResolver.
Content URIs
In android, Content URI is an URI which is used to query a
content provider to get the required data. The Content URIs will
contain the name of entire provider (authority) and the name
that points to a table (path).
General format of URI
content://authority/path
Following are the details about various parts of an URI in android
application.

content:// - The string content:// is always present in the URI

and it is used to represent the given URI is a content URI.

authority - It represents the name of content provider, for

example phone, contacts, etc. and we need to use fully qualified
name for third party content providers like
com.tutlane.contactprovider

path - It represents the table’s path.

The ContentResolver object use the URI’s authority to find the
appropriate provider and send the query objects to the correct
provider. After that ContentProvider uses the path of content
URI to choose the right table to access.

Following is the example of simple example of URI in android

applications.

content://contacts_info/users

Here the string content:// is used to represent URI is a content

URI, contacts_info string is the name of provider’s authority
and users string is the table’s path.
Creating a Content Provider
To create a content provider in android applications we should
follow below steps.

• create a content provider class that extends the

ContentProvider base class.
• define content provider URI to access the content.
• The ContentProvider class defines a six abstract methods
(insert(), update(), delete(), query(), getType()) which we need
to implement all these methods as a part of our subclass.
• register content provider in AndroidManifest.xml
using <provider> tag.
methods need to implement as a part of ContentProvider class.
query() - It receives a request from the client. By using
arguments it will get a data from requested table and return the
data as a Cursor object.

insert() - This method will insert a new row into our content
provider and it will return the content URI for newly inserted row.

update() - This method will update an existing rows in our

content provider and it return the number of rows updated.

delete() - This method will delete the rows in our content

provider and it return the number of rows deleted.

getType() - This method will return the MIME type of data to

given content URI.

onCreate() - This method will initialize our provider. The android

system will call this method immediately after it creates our
provider.
Android Service
Android service is a component that is used to perform
operations on the background such as playing music, handle
network transactions, interacting content providers etc. It doesn't
has any UI (user interface).

The service runs in the background indefinitely even if

application is destroyed.

Moreover, service can be bounded by a component to perform

interactivity and inter process communication (IPC).

Android platform service

The Android platform provides and runs predefined system
services and every Android application can use them, given the
right permissions. These system services are usually exposed
via a specific Manager class. Access to them can be gained via
the getSystemService() method.
Life Cycle of Android Service
There can be two forms of a service.The lifecycle of service can
follow two different paths: started or bound.
1) Started Service
A service is started when component (like activity)
calls startService() method, now it runs in the background
indefinitely. It is stopped by stopService() method. The service
can stop itself by calling the stopSelf() method.

2) Bound Service
A service is bound when another component (e.g. client)
calls bindService() method. The client can unbind the service by
calling the unbindService() method.
The service cannot be stopped until all clients unbind the
service.
onCreate()
This is the first callback which will be invoked when any component starts
the service. If the same service is called again while it is still running this
method won’t be invoked.
onStartCommand()
This callback is invoked when service is started by any component by
calling startService(). It basically indicates that the service has started and
can now run indefinetly.
onBind()
This is invoked when any component starts the service by calling onBind.
onUnbind()
This is invoked when all the clients are disconnected from the service.
onRebind()
This is invoked when new clients are connected to the service. It is called
after onUnbind
onDestroy()
This is a final clean up call from the system. This is invoked just before the
service is being destroyed. It’s very useful to cleanup any resources such
as threads, registered listeners, or receivers.
Android Multimedia framework
The android multimedia system includes multimedia applications,
multimedia framework, OpenCore engine and hardware abstract for
audio/video input/output devices. And the goal of the android multimedia
framework is to provide a consistent interface for Java services. The
multimedia framework consists of several core dynamic libraries such as
libmediajni, libmedia, libmediaplayservice and so on. A general multimedia
framework architecture is shown in Figure
MediaPlayer class
The android.media.MediaPlayer class is used to control the audio or
video files.
Methods of MediaPlayer class
There are many methods of MediaPlayer class. Some of them are:
Method Description

public void setDataSource(String path) Sets the data source (file path or http url) to use.

public void prepare() Prepares the player for playback synchronously.

public void start() It starts or resumes the playback.
public void stop() It stops the playback.
public void pause() It pauses the playback.
public boolean isPlaying() Checks if media player is playing.
public void seekTo(int millis) Seeks to specified time in miliseconds.

public void setLooping(boolean looping) Sets the player for looping or non-looping.

public boolean isLooping() Checks if the player is looping or non-looping.

public void selectTrack(int index) It selects a track for the specified index.
public int getCurrentPosition() Returns the current playback position.
public int getDuration() Returns duration of the file.

public void setVolume(float leftVolume,float

Sets the volume on this player.
rightVolume)
Android Video Player Example
By the help of MediaController and VideoView classes, we can play the
video files in android.
MediaController class
The android.widget.MediaController is a view that contains media
controls like play/pause, previous, next, fast-forward, rewind etc.
VideoView class
The android.widget.VideoView class provides methods to play and
control the video player. The commonly used methods of VideoView class
are as follows:
Method Description

public void setMediaController(MediaController controller) Sets the media controller to the video view.

public void setVideoURI (Uri uri) Sets the URI of the video file.

public void start() Starts the video view.

public void stopPlayback() Stops the playback.

public void pause() Pauses the playback.

public void suspend() Suspends the playback.

public void resume() Resumes the playback.

public void seekTo(int millis) Seeks to specified time in miliseconds.

Text To Speech
Android allows you convert your text into voice. Not only you can convert it
but it also allows you to speak text in variety of different languages.
Android provides TextToSpeech class for this purpose. In order to use this
class, you need to instantiate an object of this class and also specify
the initListener.
e.g.

TextToSpeech tts = new (context, OnInitListener);

In this listener, you have to specify the properties for TextToSpeech object ,
such as its language ,pitch e.t.c.

Language can be set by calling setLanguage() method. Its syntax is

tts.setLanguage(Locale.UK);
The list of some of the locales available are given below –
Sr.No. Locale
1 US
2 CANADA_FRENCH
3 GERMANY
4 ITALY
5 JAPAN
6 CHINA
Once you have set the language, you can call speak method of the class to
speak the text. Its syntax is given below −

tts.speak(text, TextToSpeech.QUEUE_FLUSH, null, null);

• The first parameter is the text that would be spoken.
• The second parameter defines that the previous input is flushed so as
to begin a clean slate. Alternatively, we can use QUEUE_ADD to add the
current text to the speech.
• The third parameter is the bundle that is passed.
• Fourth is the String: An unique identifier for this request.
some other methods available in the TextToSpeech class are :
Sr.No Method & description
1 addSpeech(String text, String filename)
This method adds a mapping between a string of text and a sound file.
2 getLanguage()
This method returns a Locale instance describing the language.
3 isSpeaking()
This method checks whether the TextToSpeech engine is busy speaking.
4 setPitch(float pitch)
This method sets the speech pitch for the TextToSpeech engine.
5 setSpeechRate(float speechRate)
This method sets the speech rate.
6 shutdown()
This method releases the resources used by the TextToSpeech engine.
7 stop()
This method stop the speak.
Async Task
Android AsyncTask is an abstract class provided by Android which gives us
the liberty to perform heavy tasks in the background and keep the UI thread
light thus making the application more responsive.

The basic methods used in an android AsyncTask class are:

• doInBackground() : contains the code which needs to be executed in

background. In this method we can send results multiple times to the UI
thread by publishProgress() method.
• onPreExecute() : contains the code which is executed before the
background processing starts
• onPostExecute() : This method is called after doInBackground method
completes processing. Result from doInBackground is passed to this
method
• onProgressUpdate() : This method receives progress updates from
doInBackground method, which is published via publishProgress()
method, and this method can use this progress update to update the UI
thread.
• Audio Capture
Android has a built in microphone through which you can capture audio and
store it. Android provides MediaRecorder class to record audio or video. In
order to use MediaRecorder class ,you will first create an instance of
MediaRecorder class.

MediaRecorder myAudioRecorder = new MediaRecorder();

To start recording the audio call the two basic methods prepare() and start()
are used.
Sr.No Method & description
1 setAudioSource()
This method specifies the source of audio to be recorded
2 setVideoSource()
This method specifies the source of video to be recorded
3 setOutputFormat()
This method specifies the audio format in which audio to be stored
4 setAudioEncoder()
This method specifies the audio encoder to be used
5 setOutputFile()
This method configures the path to the file into which the recorded audio is to be stored
6 stop()
This method stops the recording process.
7 release()
This method should be called when the recorder instance is needed.
 Camera In Android
In Android, Camera is a hardware device that allows capturing pictures and
videos in your applications.
Android provides the facility to work on camera by 2 ways:
1. By Camera Intent
2. By Camera API

1 Using Camera By Using Camera Application

Here you will use an intent action type of
MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE to launch an existing Camera
application on your phone. In Android MediaStore is a type of DataBase
which stores pictures and videos in android.

Intent cameraIntent = new Intent(android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);

AndroidManifest.xml

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
2. Using Camera By using Camera Api
This class is used for controlling device cameras. It can be used to take
pictures when you are building a camera application.
Camera API works in following ways:

1.Camera Manager: This is used to get all the cameras available in the
device like front camera back camera each having the camera id.

2.CameraDevice: You can get it from Camera Manager class by its id.

3.CaptureRequest: You can create a capture request from camera device

to capture images.

4.CameraCaptureSession: To get capture request’s from Camera Device

create a CameraCaptureSession.

5.CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback: This is going to provide the

Capture session results.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a communication network protocol, which allows devices to
connect wirelessly to exchange the data with other Bluetooth devices.
By using android Bluetooth API’s in android applications, we can perform
the following functionalities.

• Scan for the available Bluetooth devices within the range

• Connect to other devices through service discovery
• Transfer data to and from other devices
• Manage multiple connections

Android Set Bluetooth Permissions

To use Bluetooth features in our android applications, we must need to add
multiple permissions, such
as BLUETOOTH and ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION or ACCESS_FINE
_LOCATION in our manifest file.
 Permission Description
BLUETOOTH We need this permission to perform any Bluetooth communication, such as
requesting a connection, accepting a connection, and transferring data.
LOCATION We need this permission because the Bluetooth scans can be used to gather the
information about the location of user.

In case, if we want to discover the available Bluetooth devices or

manipulate Bluetooth settings from our app, we need to
define BLUETOOTH_ADMIN permission.

Following is the example of defining the Bluetooth permissions in android

manifest file.

<manifest ... >

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
...
</manifest>
BluetoothAdapter class
By the help of BluetoothAdapter class, we can perform fundamental tasks
such as initiate device discovery, query a list of paired (bonded) devices,
create a BluetoothServerSocket instance to listen for connection requests
etc.
Constants of BluetoothAdapter class
BluetoothAdapter class provides many constants. Some of them are as
follows:
String ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE
String ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE
String ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED
String ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED

Methods of BluetoothAdapter class

static synchronized BluetoothAdapter getDefaultAdapter() returns the
instance of BluetoothAdapter.

boolean enable() enables the bluetooth adapter if it is disabled.

boolean isEnabled() returns true if the bluetooth adapter is enabled.

boolean disable() disables the bluetooth adapter if it is enabled.

String getName() returns the name of the bluetooth adapter.

boolean setName(String name) changes the bluetooth name.

int getState() returns the current state of the local bluetooth adapter.

Set<BluetoothDevice> getBondedDevices() returns a set of paired

(bonded) BluetoothDevice objects.

boolean startDiscovery() starts the discovery process.

Android Animation
Android Animation is used to give the UI a rich look and feel. Animations in
android apps can be performed through XML or android code. In this
android animation tutorial we’ll go with XML codes for adding animations
into our application.
Animation in android apps is the process of creating motion and shape
change. The basic ways of animation are:
Fade In Animation

• Fade Out Animation

• Cross Fading Animation
• Blink Animation
• Zoom In Animation
• Zoom Out Animation
• Rotate Animation
• Move Animation
• Slide Up Animation
• Slide Down Animation
• Bounce Animation
• Sequential Animation
• Together Animation
android:interpolator : It is the rate of change in animation. We can define
our own interpolators using the time as the constraint.

android:duration : Duration of the animation in which the animation should

complete. This is generally the ideal duration to show the transition on the
screen.The start and end of the animation are set using:
android:fromTRANSFORMATION android:toTRANSFORMATION

TRANSFORMATION : is the transformation that we want to specify.

android:fillAfter : property specifies whether the view should be visible or

hidden at the end of the animation. If it sets to false, the element changes
to its previous state after the animation

android:startOffset : It is the waiting time before an animation starts. This

property is mainly used to perform multiple animations in a sequential
manner

android:repeatMode : This is useful when you want the animation to be

repeat

android:repeatCount : This defines number of repetitions on animation. If

we set this value to infinite then animation will repeat infinite times
Android SQLite Tutorial
SQLite is an open-source relational database i.e. used to perform
database operations on android devices such as storing, manipulating or
retrieving persistent data from the database.

It is a very lightweight database which comes with Android OS, that is

embedded in android by default. So, there is no need to perform any
database setup or administration task.

It combines a clean SQL interface with a very small memory footprint and
decent speed.
Methods of SQLiteOpenHelper class
There are many methods in SQLiteOpenHelper class. Some of them are as
follows:

Method Description

public abstract void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) called only once when database is created for
the first time.

public abstract void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase called when database needs to be upgraded.

db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)

public synchronized void close () closes the database object.

public void onDowngrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int called when database needs to be

oldVersion, int newVersion) downgraded.
SQLiteDatabase class
It contains methods to be performed on sqlite database such as create,
update, delete, select etc.
Methods of SQLiteDatabase class
There are many methods in SQLiteDatabase class. Some of them are as
follows:
Method Description

void execSQL(String sql) executes the sql query not select query.

long insert(String table, String nullColumnHack, inserts a record on the database. The table
ContentValues values) specifies the table name, nullColumnHack
doesn't allow completely null values. If second
argument is null, android will store null values if
values are empty. The third argument specifies
the values to be stored.

int update(String table, ContentValues values, updates a row.

String whereClause, String[] whereArgs)

Cursor query(String table, String[] columns, returns a cursor over the resultset.
String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String
groupBy, String having, String orderBy)
Opening and Closing Android SQLite Database Connection
Before performing any database operations like insert, update, delete
records in a table, first open the database connection by
calling getWritableDatabase() method as shown below:

public DBManager open() throws SQLException

{
dbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}

Closing the database

To close a database connection the following method is invoked.
public void close()
{
dbHelper.close();
}
Inserting new Record into Android SQLite database table
The following code snippet shows how to insert a new record in the android
SQLite database.
public void insert(String name, String desc)
{
ContentValues contentValue = new ContentValues();
contentValue.put(DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, name);
contentValue.put(DatabaseHelper.DESC, desc);
database.insert(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, contentValue); }
Content Values creates an empty set of values using the given initial size.

Updating Record in Android SQLite database table

The following snippet shows how to update a single record.
public int update(long _id, String name, String desc)
{
ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
contentValues.put(DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, name);
contentValues.put(DatabaseHelper.DESC, desc); int i =
database.update(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, contentValues,
DatabaseHelper._ID + " = " + _id, null);
return i;
}
Android SQLite – Deleting a Record
We just need to pass the id of the record to be deleted as shown below.

public void delete(long _id)

{
database.delete(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, DatabaseHelper._ID +
"=" + _id, null);
}
Android SQLite Cursor
A Cursor represents the entire result set of the query. Once the query is
fetched a call to cursor.moveToFirst() is made. Calling moveToFirst()
does two things:
• It allows us to test whether the query returned an empty set (by testing
the return value)
• It moves the cursor to the first result (when the set is not empty)
The following code is used to fetch all records.
public Cursor fetch()
{ String[] columns = new String[] { DatabaseHelper._ID,
DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, DatabaseHelper.DESC };
Cursor cursor = database.query(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, columns,
null, null, null, null, null);
if (cursor != null)
{
cursor.moveToFirst();
}
return cursor;
}