Scribd
Upload
28 views21 pages

CO3053 - Lecture 1 - What Is Embedded System

The document discusses embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as a computer system designed to perform dedicated tasks and integrated within a larger system. Embedded systems have characteristics like being single-purpose, tightly constrained to meet goals like cost, power, and size, and requiring real-time performance. The document outlines several design challenges for embedded systems, including optimizing various metrics like cost, power consumption, performance, and size simultaneously. It provides examples of embedded systems from different domains and discusses common characteristics.

Uploaded by

THỊNH CHUNG
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views21 pages

CO3053 - Lecture 1 - What Is Embedded System

The document discusses embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as a computer system designed to perform dedicated tasks and integrated within a larger system. Embedded systems have characteristics like being single-purpose, tightly constrained to meet goals like cost, power, and size, and requiring real-time performance. The document outlines several design challenges for embedded systems, including optimizing various metrics like cost, power consumption, performance, and size simultaneously. It provides examples of embedded systems from different domains and discusses common characteristics.

Uploaded by

THỊNH CHUNG
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

CO3053 – Embedded Systems

1. What is Embedded System?


CO3053 – Lecture Notes 2

Contents
▪ Definition and Concept

▪ Characteristic

▪ Design Challenge

▪ Design Metric

[email protected]
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 3

What is Embedded System ?


▪ An embedded system is
▫ A computer system that is embedded into another larger system.
▫ Example: Cars, airplane, weapon, …

▪ An embedded system is designed to perform a/some dedicated task(s)


▫ Lighting control
▫ Camera control

[email protected]
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 4

Embedded System Applications


▪ Require very high performance
▫ Communications
▫ Multimedia
▫ Graphics

▪ Must also meet strict design goals


▫ Real-time performance
▫ Power/energy consumption
▫ Cost
[email protected]
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 5

Example – Automotive
▪ Car as an integrated control, communication and information system.
▪

[email protected] Image Source: Internet


CO3053 – Lecture Notes 6

Example – Consumer Electronics


▪ MP3 audio, digital camera, home electronics

[email protected] Image Source: Internet


CO3053 – Lecture Notes 7

Example – Information Systems


▪ Wireless communication (mobile phone, wireless LAN, etc), end-user
equipment, router.

[email protected] Image Source: Internet


CO3053 – Lecture Notes 8

Common Characteristics of Embedded Systems


▪ Single-functioned
▫ Executes a single program, repeatedly

▪ Tightly-constrained
▫ Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.

▪ Reactive and real-time


▫ Continually reacts to changes in the system’s environment
▫ Must compute certain results in real-time without delay

[email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 9

An Embedded System Example

▪ Single-functioned -- always a digital camera


▪ Tightly-constrained -- low cost, low power, small, fast
▪ Reactive and real-time -- only to a small extent
[email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 11

Embedded Systems – Design Challenge


▪ Obvious design goal
▫ Construct an implementation with desired functionality

▪ Key design challenge:


▫ Simultaneously optimize numerous design metrics

▪ Design metric
▫ A measurable feature of a system’s implementation
▫ Optimizing design metrics is a key challenge

[email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 12

Embedded Systems – Common Design Metrics


▪ Unit cost
▫ The monetary cost of manufacturing each copy of the system, excluding NRE cost
▪ NRE cost (Non-Recurring Engineering cost)
▫ The one-time monetary cost of designing the system
▪ Size
▫ The physical space required by the system
▪ Performance
▫ The execution time or throughput of the system
▪ Power
▫ The amount of power consumed by the system
▪ Flexibility
▫ The ability to change the functionality of the system without incurring heavy NRE cost
[email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 13

Embedded Systems – Common Design Metrics


▪ Time-to-prototype
▫ The time needed to build a working version of the system
▪ Time-to-market
▫ The time required to develop a system to the point that it can be released
and sold to customers
▪ Maintainability
▫ The ability to modify the system after its initial release

▪ Correctness, Safety, CPU Technologies, Integration Level, Form Factor,


Application Specific Hardware, User Interface, Connectivity, Security
[email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 14

Embedded Systems – Other Design Metrics


▪ CPU Technologies

▪ Integration Level

▪ Form Factor

▪ Application Specific Hardware

▪ User Interface

▪ Connectivity

▪ Security
[email protected] Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 15

The CPU
▪ General purpose
▫ 32-bit, 64-bit long time ago.
▫ Clock-rate reach several GHz.
▫ Included Floating Point Unit (FPU) and/or Graphic Processing Unit
(GPU) with parallel processing capability.

▪ Embedded System
▫ Large range of compute capability.
▫ Still many 8-bit and 16-bit in small ES (PIC,AVR,…).
▫ Now, many systems requires 32-bit, 64-bit CPU (ARM,ATOM,…)
[email protected]
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 16

Integration Level
▪ Early Embedded Systems
▫ Separate CPU + Peripherals + …
▫ Cost highly

▪ SoC (System on a Chip)


▫ Many ICs are integrated into a single Chip
▫ High-density ➟ Low-cost
▫ CPU + Memory + IO or CPU + Memory + ADC
▫ Many levels of integration
[email protected] Image Source: Internet
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 17

Power Consumption
▪ Many ES rely on battery
▫ Power consumption is very important

▪ Apply power optimization technique


▫ Sleep mode

▪ Heat is also very important


▫ Heat sink must be efficient
▫ E.g. Cell phone

[email protected] Image Source: Internet


CO3053 – Lecture Notes 18

Form Factor & Expansion

▪ Size, pin-out, connector.

▪ Define some standard (Ex COM) help software development,


hardware expansion

▪ Sometime for expansion, resources are reserved (DRAM, Flash). But


these have trade-off and need to be consider carefully.
[email protected] Image Source: Internet
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 19

Application Specific Hardware


▪ Can any SoC suit the user requirements?

▪ Adding other ASIC or FPGA: trade-off


▫ ASIC can show better performance
▫ But FPGA can show the flexibility

▪ Future ES: SoC + FPGA

▪ Many parts of ES need certification


▫ E.g. radio frequency need to be licensed (US, Japan,…)

▪ Consider to use pre-certified module


[email protected] Image Source: Internet
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 20

User Interface
▪ Many ES is interactive
▫ Headed provide the display
 E.g. touch screen.The appearance of application

▫ Headless: no display.
 Use console, key/button, or via web page

[email protected] Image Source: Internet


CO3053 – Lecture Notes 21

Connectivity and Security


▪ For current and future ES, connectivity
is very important
▫ Wifi, Xbee, Bluetooth, LoRa
▫ 3G/4G/5G
▫…

▪ Ubiquitous: every device can connect


each other

▪ When the connectivity is easy, the


security become critical
[email protected] Image Source: Internet
CO3053 – Lecture Notes 22

Further Reading
▪ Audio Lecture
▫ https://lectures.tik.ee.ethz.ch/es/recordings/ES_1/ES_1.html

[email protected]

You might also like