ag © 6808 aC) 0 upiuflewserue) Ail Righis Reserved) 2 orm) Bars egotocteig® / Quien ulcers Mmewéaenis/ Dopartmont of Examinations, Sri Lanka 3 EXAMINATION FOR CEB MIDDLE LEVEL TECHNICAL GRADES - 2009/2012 (2013) (Electrical Superintendent Service) (303) Transmission and Distribution T Answer flve questions only. 1.) What are the factors that will affect the voluge regulution and efficiency of a transmission line? (05 marks) Gi) A 3-phase load of 1000 KW at a power fector of 0.8 lagging is supplied by a 30 KV line of resistance 25 and inductive reactance 12Q per phase. The voltage across the load is 10 kV. A 20/10 kV transformer siefs down the voltage at the receiving end and the equivalent resistance and reactance of the transformer referred to 10 kV side are 080 and 2.50 respectively. Find the (a) sending end voltage, (09 marks) (©) voltage regubstion and efficiency of the transmission tine (06 marks) 2. A Sephase line has an impedance of 20 + j 60 Qéphase The sending end voltage is 142 KV while the receiving end voltage is maintained at 132 KV for all loads by an automatic phase modifier. If the kVar (reactive power) of the modifier has the same value for 2e10 load and for & load of $0 MW, determine the rating of the phase modifier and the power factor of the 50 MW load, (20 masks) 3. @) Write down an expression for the inductance and capzcitance of @ 3-phase, two conductor per phase ‘end horizontally spaced line, (05 marks) Gi) ‘The figure shows a 3-phase, two conductor per phase and horizontally spaced line. The frequency of the line is SOHz and they are spaced by 6 m. The sub conductor spacing is 03 m. Determine the inductance per phsse and capacitance per phase of the line. Assume each gioup shares wor current and charge equally and the line is completely transposed. The diameter of the conductor is 25 mm. 103m US marks) 4. @_ A wansmission line of surge impedance Z is terminated by a resistor R. Derive an expression for the reflection coefficient when a surge of £ travelling along the line seflects at the termination point (05 marks) (ii) A losstess transmission line has a 300 surge impedance and terminstes by a 900 resistance. A 120V, DC source is applied at 1 = 0, Plot Vk sersus time for this line fiom r= 0 to 1 = ST, whee T is the time required for the vollage wave to travel the length of line and VR is the voltage at the terminal point, Also draw the lance diagram showing forward and backward waves (US marks) [See page woo ww Briefly discuss the importance of a reliable protection system in « power system. (05 marks) Figure shows the arrangement of two relays for the protection of given line sections. A fault ocurred at point F and the fault current is 2000 A. The relay RJ is set to 100 % with CT ratio 200/ 1 while relay R2 is set t0 125 % with 200/1 CT ratio. For discrimination the time margin set between RY and R2 is 0.5 sec. Deiesmine the operating time of two relays and-the time multiplies seting of selsy 2. Assume that both relays have the characteristics as given delow. The relay RI has a time multiplier setting (TMS) of 02 Plug Setting Multiplier 2 (36/|5 | 8 |t0 [15 |20 ‘Operating time for TMS.=1] 10 | 60 | 39 | 315/28 [22 [21 0 w it) wy) 0 ww G A [ a | “125 & 10% cT=200/1 cr=200/1 US marks) List and briefly discuss the voltage contol method of transmission lines (05 marks) What do you understand by “ Frotestive Relay." Briefly explain its main functions. (08 marks) Explain why asymmetrical breaking current of a cireuit breaker is higher than the symmetrical breaking current, (05 marks) What do you understand by load ceatre and explain how you determine the toed centre. (05 marks) What do you understand by “surge impedance loading” of a line? A 220 KV transmission line has @ surge impedance of 4000. Calculate the surge impedance loading of the line (05 marks) ‘A 100 KVA, 20/5 kV transformer tas an equivalent impedance of 10 %. Determine the impedance of the transformer referred to (a) the 20 KV side, (b) the 5 KV side (10 marks) 'A.10 km long, single phase short transmission line has 05 260°O/ km impedance. The line supplies 316.8 KW load at 0.8 power factor lagging. What is the voltage regulation if the sending end voltage is 3.3 KV? (05 marks)Bog © S208 qCe] go UPiufleuasrug) Al Rights Reserved) 8 ore Bee ogortantaigd /@aniead usLess PImendserts/Copadment of Examinations, Si Lanka 3" EXAMINATION FOR CEB MIDDLE LEVEL TECHNICAL GRADES - 2009/2012 (2013) (Electrical Superintendent Service) (303) ‘Transmissim and Distribution 1 Answer five questions only. 1. A 3-phase transmission line, 100 km long has the following const Resistance per km per phase 0280, Inductive reactance per km per phase = 0.632, Capacitive susceptance per km per phase = 410 siemens If the load at the revciving end is 75 MVA at 0.8 pf lagging with 132 KV between lines, ealeulate the sending end voltage, sending end current and sending end power. Use nominal =~ method. (20 marks) 2. (i) Write down an expression for the sag of an overhead transmission line supported by two towers with (05 marks) equal heights. Gi) An overhead line has ACSR conductors of 1.95 em diameter and a spin of 244 m. The allowable tension is 3.56 x 10 N and the conductor weight is 0.847 kg/m. Determine (@) 3g jn still air with ro ice covering, (b) vertical sag when an ice covering of 0.96 em thickness and a horizontal wind pressure of 382 N/m of projected area. The weight of ice is $920N/m? and the earth gravity 2 = 981 N/ kg (©) The line is carried by insulstor sting of 1.43 m long, What should be the height of lowest cross-aim to give a minimum ground clearance of 7.62 m under bad weather condition? (15 marks) 3. @_ Discuss the methods of improving the string efficiency. (05 marks Gil). The three busbar conductors in an outdoor substation are supported by units of post type insulators. Each unit consists of a stack of 3 pin type insulavors Aved one on the top of the other. The voltage across the lowest insulator is 13.1 kV and that across the next unit is 11 kV. Determine the busbar voltage of the substation, US marks) 4. A synchronous generator rated 50 MVA, 13.2 kV with sub transient reactance Xp" =0.12pu is connected 10 a synchronous motor of identical rating. The reaciance of the line connecting them is 12% on the motor rating ‘The motor is drawing 45 MW at 0.8 power factor leading at 33 KV when a short circuit occurs at the motor terminals. What is the fault current immediately after the fault? 5 TF} ; g Xin 5S Fault” r a | 6 \ oo \~w ) (M ) ae | | | | | (20 marks) [See page rwo5. A4ISY, 3-phase, 4-wire system shown below has line conductors with impedance 0.4 + j 020 and neutral conductor of 06 + j O40. The louds st line exds are A-phase 25 A at unity power factor, B-phase 30 A at 08 power factor lagging and C-phase 20 A at 09 power factor logging. Determine (neutral voltage of the load, (ii) voltage drop in each phase, Gil) percentage voltage unbalance. A 25,1 pf (20 marks) 6, 433 KV/11 KV substation feeds a uniformly distributed load with load density of 1 MVA / km? and a lumped load of 2 MVA at the feeder end es shown in the figure. What will be the voltage drop and net voltage available at the lumped lozd point if the (@ subsiation maintains 1.0 pu voltage for feeders, Gi) substation maintains 1.05 pu voltage for feeders. Take for the line percentage voltage drop is 03x10" (KYA km) for toad of power factor 0.8. (il) Calculate the voltage drop for off tozd period with load density of 0.3 MVA./ km? and 1 MYA toad at far end. —tim— Substation aviv ] | 2k LI ie va K un T Bim ji Load is uniformly distributed in this area (20 marks) 7. (i) Discuss issues related to mini hydro power plants connected to CEB distribution network. (05 marks) (0) What are the main causes of voltege sag (dip) in a power system? Propose measures 10 reduce the voltage sg on a power system (0 marks) (it) Discuss the merit and demerit of autorreclosers installed in distribution feeders (05 marks) (iv) Write short notes on improving the reliability of low voltage distribution network of CEB. (05 marks) eee