Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 7 views

    Cycles of Concentration

    Uploaded by

    Sagar Patil
    i) The important parameters for determining cooling tower performance are the range, which is the difference between the cooling tower water inlet and outlet temperatures, and the approach, which is the difference between the cooling tower outlet temperature and the ambient wet bulb temperature. The approach is a better indicator of performance. ii) Cooling tower effectiveness is calculated as the ratio of the range to the ideal range, which is the difference between the cooling water inlet temperature and the ambient wet bulb temperature. iii) Cooling capacity is the heat rejected, which is calculated as the product of the water mass flow rate, specific heat, and temperature difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cycles of Concentration

    Uploaded by

    Sagar Patil
    7 views2 pages
    i) The important parameters for determining cooling tower performance are the range, which is the difference between the cooling tower water inlet and outlet temperatures, and the approach, which is the difference between the cooling tower outlet temperature and the ambient wet bulb temperature. The approach is a better indicator of performance. ii) Cooling tower effectiveness is calculated as the ratio of the range to the ideal range, which is the difference between the cooling water inlet temperature and the ambient wet bulb temperature. iii) Cooling capacity is the heat rejected, which is calculated as the product of the water mass flow rate, specific heat, and temperature difference.

    Original Title

    Cycles of concentration

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    i) The important parameters for determining cooling tower performance are the range, which is the difference between the cooling tower water inlet and outlet temperatures, and the approach, which is the difference between the cooling tower outlet temperature and the ambient wet bulb temperature. The approach is a better indicator of performance. ii) Cooling tower effectiveness is calculated as the ratio of the range to the ideal range, which is the difference between the cooling water inlet temperature and the ambient wet bulb temperature. iii) Cooling capacity is the heat rejected, which is calculated as the product of the water mass flow rate, specific heat, and temperature difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    7 views2 pages

    Cycles of Concentration

    Uploaded by

    Sagar Patil
    i) The important parameters for determining cooling tower performance are the range, which is the difference between the cooling tower water inlet and outlet temperatures, and the approach, which is the difference between the cooling tower outlet temperature and the ambient wet bulb temperature. The approach is a better indicator of performance. ii) Cooling tower effectiveness is calculated as the ratio of the range to the ideal range, which is the difference between the cooling water inlet temperature and the ambient wet bulb temperature. iii) Cooling capacity is the heat rejected, which is calculated as the product of the water mass flow rate, specific heat, and temperature difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Cycles of concentration (C.O.

    C) is the ratio of dissolved solids in circulating water to the dissolved

    solids in make up water. vii) Blow down losses depend upon cycles of concentration and the

    evaporation losses and is given by relation: Blow Down = Evaporation Loss / (C.O.C. – 1) viii)

    Liquid/Gas (L/G) ratio, of a cooling tower is the ratio between the water and the air mass flow rates.

    Against design values, seasonal variations require adjustment and tuning of water and air flow rates

    to get the best cooling tower effectiveness through measures like water box loading changes, blade

    angle adjustments. Thermodynamics also dictate that the heat removed from the water must be

    equal to the heat absorbed by the surrounding air: where: L/G = liquid to gas mass flow ratio (kg/kg)

    T1 = hot water temperature (°C) T2 = cold water temperature (°C) h2 = enthalpy of air-water vapor

    mixture at exhaust wet-bulb temperature (same units as above) h1 = enthalpy of air-water vapor

    mixture at inlet wet-bulb temperature (same units as above) Factors Affecting Cooling Tower

    Performance Capacity Heat dissipation (in kCal/hour) and circulated flow rate (m3 /hr) are not

    sufficient to understand cooling tower performance. Other factors, which we will see, must be

    stated along with flow rate m3 /hr. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m3 /hr through a

    13.9°C range might be larger than a cooling tower to cool 4540 m3 /hr through 19.5°C range. Range

    Range is determined not by the cooling tower, but by the process it is serving. The range at the

    exchanger is determined entirely by the heat load and the water circulation rate through the

    exchanger and on to the cooling water. Range °C = Heat Load in kcals/hour / Water Circulation Rate

    in LPH Thus, Range is a function of the heat load and the flow circulated through the system

    The important parameters, from the point of determining the performance of cooling towers, are: i)

    "Range" is the difference between the cooling tower water inlet and outlet temperature. (See Figure

    7.3). ii) "Approach" is the difference between the cooling tower outlet cold water temperature and

    ambient wet bulb temperature. Although, both range and approach should be monitored, the

    'Approach' is a better indicator of cooling tower performance. (see Figure 7.3). iii) Cooling tower
    effectiveness (in percentage) is the ratio of range, to the ideal range, i.e., difference between cooling

    water inlet temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature, or in other words it is = Range / (Range

    + Approach). iv) Cooling capacity is the heat rejected in kCal/hr or TR, given as product of mass flow

    rate of water, specific heat and temperature difference. v) Evaporation loss is the water quantity

    evaporated for cooling duty and, theoretically, for every 10,00,000 kCal heat rejected, evaporation

    quantity works out to 1.8 m3 . An empirical relation used often is: *Evaporation Loss (m3 /hr) =

    0.00085 x 1.8 x circulation rate (m3 /hr) x (T1-T2) T1-T2 = Temp. difference between inlet and outlet

    water. *Source: Perry’s Chemical Engineers Handbook (Page: 12-17)

    You might also like