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mt1 (Solutions)

This exam is for Physics 101 and covers Midterm 1. It is 110 minutes long and contains two questions and three problems. No outside materials are allowed. Students must show their work and write final answers in the provided boxes. Answers without shown work will not receive credit. A formula sheet is provided.

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27 views6 pages

mt1 (Solutions)

This exam is for Physics 101 and covers Midterm 1. It is 110 minutes long and contains two questions and three problems. No outside materials are allowed. Students must show their work and write final answers in the provided boxes. Answers without shown work will not receive credit. A formula sheet is provided.

Uploaded by

dilaytornaciii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYS101/Fall 2013-2014 Midterm 1

Physics 101 No:


Name:
(On my honor I have neither given nor received any unauthorized assistance
on this exam.)

• This exam is for 110 minutes and has two questions and three problems (Check
this now carefully.)

• This is a closed-book/notes/calculator/laptop exam.

• Read the questions carefully and write down your solutions in the space provided
neatly and clearly. Write down your final results in the boxes at the end of each
question.

• Answers without work shown will not be given any credit.

• A formula sheet is provided for you.

(Leave blank)

Question 1 Question 2 Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 Total


(You may use the back side of the sheet to write down your answers.)

Question 1 (15 points)

Read the statements below and decide whether they are true or false. Explain. Give
at least one example supporting your answer. (No credit will be given to an answer
without an explanation.)

(i) If an object is in equilibrium, then it must be at rest. P


If an object is in equilibrium then there is no net force acting the object ( F = 0).
According to Newton’s 1st law; if there is no net force acting on the object, the object is
either at rest or if it is moving initially it will keep moving with the same initial velocity.

(ii) I can move with constant speed and still accelerate.


Consider the uniform circular motion, where the speed of the object constant. Since its
velocity vector continuously changes direction there will be a radial acceleration due to
the change in the direction of the velocity vector.

Question 2 (10 points)

(i) The x-positions of two blocks at succes-


sive 1.0-second time intervals are shown in
the figure. Draw x vs. t, vx vs. t and ax
vs. t graphs for both blocks. Show block A
and block B on the same graph.

(ii) What is the average velocity of block A between t =1 s and t =6 s?

x2 − x1 5.4m − 1.4m
vavg = ⇒ vavg = = 0.80 m/s
t2 − t1 6.0s − 1.0s
Problem (1) (25 points) vf
✓
A ball is thrown up onto a roof, as shown in the
figure. It lands at height h = 21.0 m above where
it is released. Just before landing, the ball’s path is
angled at θ = 53.1◦ with the roof and its speed is
vf = 10.0 m/s. (Take g = 10 m/s2 ; sin 53.1◦ = 0.8,
cos 53.1◦ = 0.6.)

(a) (15pts.) Find the horizontal distance it travels.

You can think of the situation as the ball being fired from the roof of a building with
the given initial velocity. When the ball lands on the ground it travels a horizontal
distance d from where it is fired. You need to find the time that it takes the ball from
roof to the ground, apply the following formula and solve the quadratic equation to find
the time;

1 1
y = y0 + v0y t + ay t2 ⇒ 0 = (21.0m) + (10.0m/s) sin 53.1o t + (−10.0m/s2 ) t2
2 2

5t2 − 8t − 21 = 0 ⇒ (5t + 7)(t − 3) = 0 ⇒ t = 3.0s

On horizontal axis, the ball travels with a constant velocity which is equal to the hori-
zontal component of initial velocity, therefore;

d = v0x t ⇒ d = (10.0m/s) cos 53.1o (3.0s) ⇒ d = 18.0 m

(b) (10pts.) Find the initial velocity of the ball in unit-vector notation.

Horizontal component of velocity is constant during the motion. Final vertical compo-
nent of its velocity can be found by the following formula;

vy = v0y + ay t ⇒ vy = (10.0m/s) sin 53.1o +(−10.0m/s2 )(3.0s) ⇒ vy = −22.0 m/s


This is the y component of the inverse trajectory. In our case its fired upwards so:
vinitialy = 22.0m/s

vx = (10.0m/s) cos 53.1o ⇒ vx = 6.0 m/s

v~i = vx ı̂ + vy ̂ ⇒ v~i = (6.0 m/s)ı̂ + (22.0 m/s)̂


Problem (2) (25 points)

Two blocks with weights wA = 20 N and wB = 16


N, connected by a light rope passing through a fric-
B
tionless pulley, are placed on an inclined surface A
(α = 30.00 ) as shown in the figure. The block A
moves with a constant velocity in downward direc-
tion, and there is no friction between block A and α
the surface.

(a) (15pts.) Draw free-body diagrams for each block.

(b) (10pts.) Find the magnitude of the friction force between the blocks.

Since the block A moves with a constant velocity, block B also moves with the same
constant velocity. The acceleration of the blocks is zero. Apply Newton’s 2nd law for
the blocks both in horizontal (x) axis;

for block A: for block B:


P
P
Fx = mA ax Fx = mB ax

WA sin α − fk − T = 0 WB sin α + fk − T = 0
T = WB sin α + fk
WA sin α − fk − (WB sin α + fk ) = 0

(WA − WB ) sin α (20.0N − 16.0N) sin 30.0o


fk = ⇒ fk = ⇒ fk = 1.0 N
2 2
Problem (3) (25 points)

The radius of the (nearly circular) Nişantepe round-


about is 43.2 m. Your car has mass 1500 kg (in-
cluding the driver). The coefficient of static friction
between the asphalt and the car tire is 0.75. (Take
g = 10 m/s2 .)

(a) (10pts.) What is the maximum speed you can have to drive through the Nişantepe
roundabout without sliding (in km/h)?
The only force acting on the car is the friction force, which is radial inwards direction
and equals to: Ff = µs N = µs mcar g . Then Newtons 2nd law states that:
v2 v2
mcar aradial = Ftotal = Ff = µs mcar g . And we know that aradial = → = µs g →
R R
p √ √
v= µs gR → v = 0.75 × 43.2 × 10 m/s = 324 m/s = 18 m/s.

3600
18m/s = 18 × km/h → vmax = 64.8km/h
1000

(b) (8pts.) Two of your friends say to you: “More passengers mean more mass. If
you give us a lift every morning, you will drive the Nişantepe roundabout more safely”.
How should you answer?

It is obvious from the solution above that vmax is independent of the mass of the car so
the passengers. More passengers will not effect the maximum speed.

(c) (7pts.) While driving in the roundabout together with your friends, they say: “We
are pushed outward because there is a centrifugal force acting on us”. How should you
react?
”There is NO centrifugal force!” in this motion. They were not pushed outwards, they
only wanted to preserve their velocity. In fact they were pulled inwards by a CEN-
TRIPETAL force applied ON them by the car (or applied on the car by friction). Due
to this force they are passing the roundabout with constant speed but NOT constant
velocity.
Formula Sheet

Scalar Product: Circular motion:


c=A ~·B~ = Ax Bx + Ay By + Az Bz v2 4π 2 R
arad = arad =
c = AB cos φ R T2
Relative velocity:
Vector Product:
υP/A-x = υP/B-x + υB/A-x
~ =A
C ~×B ~
~υP/A = ~υP/B + ~υB/A
C = AB sin φ
Newton’s 1st Law:
Cx = Ay Bz − Az By
~ = F~1 + F~2 + . . . = F~
X
C y = Az B x − Ax B z R
F~ = 0
X
Cz = Ax By − Ay Bx
Straight-line motion: Newton’s 2nd Law:
x2 − x1 ∆x
F~ = m~a
X
vav−x = =
t2 − t1 ∆t
∆x dx Newton’s 3rd Law:
vx = lim =
∆t→0 ∆t dt F~A on B = −F~B on A
v2x − v1x ∆vx
aav−x = = Friction Force:
t2 − t1 ∆t
∆vx dvx fk = µk n fs ≤ µ s n
ax = lim =
∆t→0 ∆t dt Work done by a force:
Constant x-acceleration: W = F~ · ~s = F s cos φ
vx = v0x + ax t Kinetic energy:
1 1
x = x0 + v0x t + ax t2 K = mv 2
2 2
vx2 = v0x
2
+ 2ax (x − x0 ) The work-energy theorem:
 
v0x + vx Wtot = K2 − K1 = ∆K
x − x0 = t
2 Work done by a varying force:
Motion in three dimensions: Z x2
W = Fx dx
~r = xı̂ + y̂ + z k̂ x1
~r2 − ~r1 ∆~ r Power:
~vav = =
t2 − t1 ∆t ∆W
∆~ r d~r Pav =
~v = lim = ∆t
∆t→0 ∆t dt Pav = F~ · ~v
~v2 − ~v1 ∆~ v
~aav = =
t2 − t1 ∆t
∆~ v d~v
~a = lim =
∆t→0 ∆t dt

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