[506-Practical Of Unix]

Unix Journal

1) Write a shell script to scans the name of the command and executes it.
Script:
echo "Enter command
name" read cmd $cmd
O/P:-
Enter command name
cal
February 2016
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 456
78 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29
2) Write a shell script Which works like calculator and performs below
operations Addition , Subtract ,Division ,Multiplication. Script : i="y"
while [ $i = "y" ] do
echo " Enter one no."
read n1
echo "Enter second no."
read n2 echo
"1.Addition" echo
"2.Subtraction" echo
"3.Multiplication" echo
"4.Division" echo
"Enter your choice" read
ch case $ch in
1) sum=`expr $n1 +
$n2` echo "Sum
="$sum;; 2)sum=`expr
$n1 - $n2` echo "Sub =
"$sum;; 3)sum=`expr
$n1 \* $n2` echo
"Mul = "$sum;;
4)sum=`expr $n1 /

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$n2` echo "Div =

"$sum;;
*)echo "Invalid choice";;
esac echo "Do u want to
continue ? y/n" read i if [ $i != "y"
] then exit
fi
done
O/P :
Enter one no.
32
Enter second no.
22
1.Addition
2.Subtraction
3.Multiplication
4.Division
Enter your choice
2
Sub = 10
Do u want to continue ? y/n
N
3) Write a shell script to find the largest among the 3 given
numbers. Script : clear
echo "Enter first number: "
read a
echo "Enter second number: "
read b
echo "Enter third number: "
read c
if [ $a -ge $b -a $a -ge $c ]
then echo "$a is largest integer"
elif [ $b -ge $a -a $b -ge $c ] then
echo "$b is largest integer"
elif [ $c -ge $a -a $c -ge $b ]
then echo "$c is largest integer"
fi
O/P:

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 [506-Practical Of Unix]

Enter first number:

22
Enter second number:
33
Enter third number:
42
44 is largest integer
4) Write a shell script to reverse a number supplied by a user.
Script:
if [ $# -eq 1 ] then
if [ $1 -gt 0 ]
then
num=$1 sumi=0
while [ $num -ne
0 ] do
lnum=`expr $num % 10`
sumi=`expr $sumi \* 10 + $lnum`
num=`expr $num / 10`
done
echo "Reverse of digits is $sumi of $1"
else
echo " Number is less than 0" fi else
echo "Insert only one parameter " fi
O/P:
bash pr81.sh 123
Reverse of digits is 321 of 123

5) Write a shell script to count number of digits, vowels and cosonants.

Script:
echo -n "Enter a line of text: "
read string

numCount=$(echo $string | grep -o "[0-9]" | wc --lines) vowCount=$

(echo $string | grep -o -i "[aeiou]" | wc --lines)
consCount=$(echo $string | grep -o -i "[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]" | wc --lines)

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echo "The given string has $vowCount vowels, $consCount consonants and
$numCount numbers in it." O/P:
Enter a line of text: eeva sh1
The given string has 3 vowels, 3 consonants and 1 numbers in it.

6) Write a shell script to check whether the number is palindrome or not.

Script: echo -n "Enter a
number: " read num

# store the original number

original_num=$num

# reverse the number

rev=0
while [ $num -gt 0 ]
do
# get the remainder of the number remainder=$
(($num % 10))

# multiply reverse by 10 then add the remainder

rev=$((($rev * 10) + $remainder))

# divide the number by 10 num=$

(($num / 10))
done

# check if the number is a palindrome if

[ $original_num -eq $rev ]; then echo
"$original_num is a palindrome number." else
echo "$original_num is not a palindrome number."
Fi
O/P:
Enter a number: 121
121 is a palindrome number.

7) Write a shell script to reverse a string.

Script: echo "Enter a
string : " read s
strlen=${#s}

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for (( i=$strlen-1; i>=0;

i-- )); do revstr=$revstr${s:
$i:1}
done
echo "Original String : $s"
echo "Reversed String :
$revstr" O/P:
Enter a string :
reverse string
Original String : reverse string
Reversed String : gnirts esrever

8) Write a shell script to display name and size of the files on the given
path.
Script: echo "Enter the full path to
the file :" read file
filesize=$(ls -lh $file | awk '{print $5 " " $9}')
echo "$file has a size of $filesize"
O/P:
Enter the full path to the file :
/home/hp/
/home/hp/ has a size of
70 cmb_file.txt
1.7K cmb_file1.txt
210 cmb_file2.txt
39 cmp1.txt

9) Write a menu driven shell script to create and delete a file which will
accept two command line arguments (file name and create / delete option).
Script:
case $1 in
"--create") echo "Creating new
file $2"
#echo
touch $2
;;

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"--delete") echo "Deleting

file $2"
echo
rm $2
;;
*)
echo "Not a valid argument"
echo
;; esac
O/P:
$ bash egcase.sh --create f1.txt
Creating new file f1.txt

10) Write a shell script to count number of lines words and characters of a
string and of a file.
Script: echo -n "Enter a
String : " # Taking input
from user read text

# Counting words

word=$(echo -n "$text" | wc -
w) echo "No of Word :"$word #
Counting characters char=$
(echo -n "$text" | wc -c)

echo "no of char :"$char

# path to the file
file_path="/home/hp/demo.txt"

# using wc command to count number of lines

number_of_lines=`wc --lines < $file_path`

# using wc command to count number of words

number_of_words=`wc --word < $file_path`

# Displaying number of lines and number of

words echo “File name : $file_path” echo
"Number of lines: $number_of_lines" echo
"Number of words: $number_of_words"

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O/P:
Enter a String : count characters
No of Word :2
no of char :16
File name : /home/hp/demo.txt
Number of lines: 17
Number of words: 16

10) Write a shell script to which represents the ways to declare and access
array. Script:
# To declare static Array
arr=(prachi poonam 1 richa ronak roocha)

# To print all elements of array

echo ${arr[@]}
echo ${arr[*]}
echo ${arr[@]:0}
echo ${arr[*]:0}

# To print first element

echo ${arr[0]}
echo ${arr}

# To print particular
element echo ${arr[3]}
echo ${arr[1]}

# To print elements from a particular index

echo ${arr[@]:0}
echo ${arr[@]:1}
echo ${arr[@]:2}
echo ${arr[0]:1}

# To print elements in
range echo ${arr[@]:1:4}
echo ${arr[@]:2:3}
echo ${arr[5]:1:3}

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# Length of Particular element

echo ${#arr[3]}
echo ${#arr}

# Size of an Array
echo ${#arr[@]}
echo ${#arr[*]}

# Search in Array
echo ${arr[@]/*[aA]*/}

# Replacing Substring
Temporary echo ${arr[@]//a/A}
echo ${arr[@]}
echo ${arr[0]//r/R}

O/P: prachi poonam 1 richa ronak

roocha prachi poonam 1 richa
ronak roocha prachi poonam 1
richa ronak roocha prachi poonam
1 richa ronak roocha
prachi
prachi
richa
poonam prachi poonam 1 richa
ronak roocha poonam 1 richa ronak
roocha 1 richa ronak roocha rachi
poonam 1 richa ronak 1 richa ronak
ooc
5
6
6
6
1
prAchi poonAm 1 richA ronAk roochA
prachi poonam 1 richa ronak roocha
pRachi

11) Write a shell script to convert a binary number to decimal number.

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Script:
# Take input as binary number echo
"Enter Binary Number -"
read n

# function to convert binary to decimal number

function binaryCon(){

local i=0
local num=0

# while loop while [ $n != 0 ]

do digit=`expr $n % 10`
num=$(( num + digit *
2**i )) n=`expr $n / 10`
(( ++i ))
done

# print the resultant decimal number

echo "Resultant Decimal Number"
echo "$num"
}

# Function Call
binaryCon
O/P:
Enter Binary Number

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101
Resultant Decimal Number
5
11) Execute commands for below listed tasks.
Create a file named eg_grep.sh. Write the content related to UNIX in the
same and use that file to perform following command.
a) Display list of all the files which have word “UNIX” in it.
$grep -l "UNIX" *
b) Search for the patter “UNIX” in a file and display the lines which
does not have the given pattern.
$grep -v "UNIX" eg_grep.txt
c) Display the lines of a file which ends with “labs.”
$grep "labs.$" eg_grep.txt
d) Parenthesize first letter of such words which have first capital letter
in that word.
$sed 's/\(\b[A-Z]\)/\(\1\)/g' eg_grep.txt
e) Duplicate the line in which string/word is replaced.
$sed 's/is/IS/p' eg_grep.txt
f) Delete 2 to 4 line of the given file. $sed '2,4d' eg_grep.txt

Create a file named emplyee.txt. Add employee details(employee name,

designation, department and salary) in that file. Perform below given tasks
on that file.
a) Display line number in front of each line.
$awk '{print NR,$0}' employee.txt
b) Display row number and name separated by ‘-‘.
$awk '{print NR "- " $1 }' employee.txt
c) Display the length of the longest line.
$awk '{ if (length($0) > max) max = length($0) } END { print max }'
employee.txt
d) Display record of the employees whose designation is “clerk”.
$awk '{ if($2 == "clerk") print $0;}' employee.txt

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1) -c Displaying the count of number of matches: prints only a

count of the lines that match a pattern grep -c "unix" eg_grep.txt

2) -i Case insensitive search: Ignores, case for matching grep -i

"UNix" eg_grep.txt

3) -l Display the file names that matches the pattern: Displays

list of a filenames only. grep -l "is" * or

$grep -l "is" index.txt op.txt sort1.txt eg_revstr.sh

4) -n Show line number while displaying the output using grep:

Display the matched lines and their line numbers.
grep -n "unix" eg_grep.txt

5) -v Inverting the pattern match: This prints out all the lines
that do not matches the pattern
grep -v "unix" eg_grep.txt

6) -f file : Takes patterns from file, one per line.

grep -f pattern.txt eg_grep.txt

7) -w Checking for the whole words in a file: Match whole word

grep -w "unix" eg_grep.txt

8) -o Displaying only the matched pattern: Print only the

matched parts of a matching line, with each such part on a
separate output line.
grep -o "unix" eg_grep.txt

9) Matching the lines that start with a string:

grep "^unix" eg_grep.txt
10) Matching the lines that end with a string : $ grep "labs.$"
eg_grep.txt

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-A n : Prints searched line and nlines after the result.

grep -A1 learn eg_grep.txt

-B n : Prints searched line and n line before the result.

grep -B1 learn eg_grep.txt

-C n : Prints searched line and n lines after before the result.

grep -C1 learn eg_grep.txt

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Replacing or substituting string :

sed 's/operating system/os/' eg_grep.txt Replacing

the nth occurrence of a pattern in a line :

sed 's/is/IS/2' eg_grep.txt

Replacing all the occurrence of the pattern in a line : flag /g (global

replacement) sed 's/is/IS/g' eg_grep.txt

Replacing from nth occurrence to all occurrences in a line :

sed 's/is/IS/2g' eg_grep.txt

Parenthesize first character of each word : sed

's/\(\b[A-Z]\)/\(\1\)/g' eg_grep.txt

Replacing string on a specific line number :

sed '3 s/one/ONE/' eg_grep.txt

Duplicating the replaced line with /p flag :

sed 's/is/IS/p' eg_grep.txt

Printing only the replaced

lines : sed -n 's/is/IS/p'
eg_grep.txt

Replacing string on a range of lines :

replaces the lines with range from 1 to 3

sed '1,3 s/is/IS/p' eg_grep.txt

replaces the text from second line to last line

sed '3,$ s/is/IS/p' eg_grep.txt

Delete a particular line say n in this example

sed '2d' eg_grep.txt

To Delete a last line

sed '$d' eg_grep.txt To
Delete line from range x to y

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sed '2,4d' eg_grep.txt To

Delete from nth to last line sed
'3,$d' eg_grep.txt To Delete

pattern matching line sed

'/uNix/d' eg_grep.txt

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1. Default behavior of Awk: By default Awk prints

every line of data from the specified file. awk
'{print}' employee.txt

2. Print the lines which match the given pattern.

awk '/manager/ {print}' employee.txt

3. Splitting a Line Into Fields : awk '{print

$1,$4}' employee.txt Built-In Variables In Awk

NR built-in variables (Display Line Number)

awk '{print NR,$0}' employee.txt

NR built-in variables (Display Line From 3 to 6)

awk 'NR==3, NR==6 {print NR,$0}' employee.txt

NF built-in variables (Display Last Field)

awk '{print $1,$NF}' employee.txt

To print the first item along with the row number(NR) separated with ” –
“
awk '{print NR "- " $1 }' employee.txt

To print any non empty line if present

awk 'NF < 0' employee.txt

To find the length of the longest line present in the file:

awk '{ if (length($0) > max) max = length($0) } END { print max }'
employee.txt

To count the lines in a file: awk 'END

{ print NR }' employee.txt Printing lines

with more than 10 characters:

awk 'length($0) > 29' employee.txt

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To find/check for any string in any specific column:

awk '{ if($2 == "clerk") print $0;}' employee.txt

To print the squares of first numbers from 1 to n say 6:

awk 'BEGIN { for(i=1;i<=6;i++) print "square of", i, "is",i*i; }'

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