Knowledge of this manual is essential for the operation of the instrument.

Please familiarize yourself with the

contents of this manual and pay special attention to instructions concerning safe operation of the instrument.
The specifications are subject to change; the manual is not covered by an update service.
© Unless expressly authorized, dissemination and duplication of this document as well as commercial
exploitation and communication of its contents are not permitted. Persons in contravention of this
copyright are liable to pay compensation for damages.
All rights reserved, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model.

All names of companies and products mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks.
Third party products are cited for information purposes only and this does not represent approval or
recommendation of these products.
Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH assumes no liability for the performance or use of such products.

Published by Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH

Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10
07745 Jena, Germany

[email protected]
www.zeiss.com/microscopy

Carl Zeiss Suzhou Co., Ltd.

Modern Industrial Square 3-B, No.333
XingPu Road SIP
215126 Suzhou, China

Order No.: 430037-7444-001

Date of issue: Version 7 – 15 April 2020
Axiolab 5 Contents / List of Illustrations ZEISS

CONTENTS
Page

1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Notes on instrument safety .................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Warning labels on the microscopes ...................................................................................... 12
1.3 Notes on the warranty ......................................................................................................... 14

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT ........................................................................... 15

2.1 Intended use ........................................................................................................................ 15
2.2 Technical data...................................................................................................................... 17
2.3 Interface diagram................................................................................................................. 20
2.4 Control and functional elements on the microscope ............................................................. 21
2.4.1 Stand models .................................................................................................................................. 21
2.4.2 Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL ................................................................................................................... 22
2.4.3 Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL .............................................................................................................. 24
2.4.4 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL ................................................................................................................... 26
2.4.5 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/conoscopy ................................................................................................ 28
2.4.6 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/RL .............................................................................................................. 30
2.4.7 Axiolab 5 stand, Mat-TL/RL ............................................................................................................ 32
2.4.8 Functions of stands keys and display elements ............................................................................. 34
2.5 Control and functional elements on microscope components ................................................ 35
2.5.1 Binocular tubes/photo tubes ......................................................................................................... 35
2.5.2 Microscope stages .......................................................................................................................... 38
2.5.3 Filter mount on luminous-field diaphragm operating ring for filter 32x4 mm .............................. 40
2.5.4 Condensers ..................................................................................................................................... 40
2.5.5 Filter slider for reflected light stand............................................................................................... 41
2.5.6 Reflector turret with 4 positions .................................................................................................... 41
2.5.7 Low-power system for objectives 2.5x/4x ..................................................................................... 41
2.5.8 Polarizer ......................................................................................................................................... 42
2.5.9 Nosepiece with objectives ............................................................................................................. 42
2.5.10 Microscope operating modes ........................................................................................................ 43
2.5.11 Axiocam 202 mono/208 color controls and connectors ................................................................ 49
2.5.12 OSD functionality with Axiocam 202 mono/208 color................................................................... 50

3 START-UP.................................................................................................................. 51
3.1 Mounting standard components .......................................................................................... 51
3.1.1 Unpacking and setting up microscope stand ................................................................................. 51
3.1.2 Attaching the binocular tube/photo tube ...................................................................................... 53
3.1.3 Inserting eyepieces or auxiliary microscope or pinhole diaphragm .............................................. 54
3.1.4 Screwing in objectives .................................................................................................................... 55
3.1.5 Inserting and removing P&C reflector modules in/from the reflector turret ................................ 56

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3.1.6 Mounting a mechanical stage.........................................................................................................57

3.1.7 Mounting the Pol rotary stage........................................................................................................59
3.1.8 Mounting the condenser ................................................................................................................62
3.1.9 Mounting the darkfield condenser .................................................................................................63
3.1.10 Mounting or replacing the 35 W halogen lamp or the 10 W LED illuminator for transmitted
light .................................................................................................................................................64
3.1.11 Mounting or replacing the 35 W halogen lamp or the 10 W LED illuminator for reflected light...67
3.1.12 Installing or replacing the LED modules for reflected light fluorescence.......................................70
3.1.13 Mounting the Axiocam 202 mono or Axiocam 208 color ...............................................................72
3.2 Mounting optional components ........................................................................................... 73
3.2.1 Mounting the light intensive co-observer unit ...............................................................................73
3.2.2 Mounting polarizer D or filter holder .............................................................................................73
3.2.3 Mounting and centering the low-power system for the objectives 2.5x/4x ..................................74
3.2.4 Inserting the modulator disk in the condenser 0.9 BF Pol .............................................................75
3.3 Connecting to the power supply ........................................................................................... 75
3.4 Switching the microscope on/off .......................................................................................... 76
3.5 Using the Light Manager function ......................................................................................... 77
3.6 Default factory settings of the microscope ............................................................................ 78

4 OPERATION ............................................................................................................... 79
4.1 Default setting of the microscope ......................................................................................... 79
4.1.1 Setting the inter-pupillary distance on the binocular tube ............................................................79
4.1.2 Setting the viewing height ..............................................................................................................79
4.1.3 Adjusting for ametropia (user's visual impairment) when using eyepiece reticles .......................80
4.2 Illumination and contrast methods in transmitted light ......................................................... 81
4.2.1 Configuring transmitted light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method .........................81
4.2.2 Configuring transmitted light darkfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method ...........................84
4.2.3 Configuring transmitted light phase contrast microscopy .............................................................87
4.2.4 Configuring transmitted light polarization microscopy ..................................................................89
4.2.5 Configuring transmitted light polarization with the conoscopy stand ...........................................98
4.2.6 Configuring transmitted light polarization for conoscopic observation – determining the
optical character of crystals..........................................................................................................109
4.3 Illumination and contrast methods in reflected light ........................................................... 112
4.3.1 Configuring reflected light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method ...........................112
4.3.2 Configuring reflected light darkfield microscopy .........................................................................114
4.3.3 Configuring reflected light polarization – Proof of bireflectance and reflexion pleochroism ......115
4.3.4 Setting reflected light fluorescence..............................................................................................116

5 CARE, FUSE REPLACEMENT AND SERVICE ................................................................. 119

5.1 Instrument care ................................................................................................................. 119
5.2 Instrument maintenance .................................................................................................... 120
5.2.1 Checking the instrument ..............................................................................................................120

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Axiolab 5 Contents / List of Illustrations ZEISS

5.2.2 Replacing the fuses in the stand .................................................................................................. 120

5.3 Troubleshooting................................................................................................................. 121
5.3.1 Microscope ................................................................................................................................... 121
5.3.2 Axiocam 202/208 ......................................................................................................................... 124
5.4 Maintenance and repair ..................................................................................................... 126
5.5 Firmware update ............................................................................................................... 126

6 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................... 127

6.1 List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 127
6.2 Index ................................................................................................................................. 129
6.3 Industrial property rights ................................................................................................... 132
6.4 System overview ................................................................................................................ 133

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1-1 Warning labels on the Axiolab 5 stand for transmitted light and reflected light ............................. 12
Fig. 1-2 Warning labels on the Axiolab 5 stand for transmitted light ........................................................... 13
Fig. 2-1 Interface diagram (Example: Axiolab 5 Mat-TL/RL stand) ................................................................ 20
Fig. 2-2 Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL...................................................................................................................... 23
Fig. 2-3 Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL................................................................................................................. 25
Fig. 2-4 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL ...................................................................................................................... 27
Fig. 2-5 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/Conoscopy................................................................................................... 29
Fig. 2-6 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/RL ................................................................................................................ 31
Fig. 2-7 Axiolab 5 stand, Mat-TL/RL ............................................................................................................... 33
Fig. 2-8 Binocular photo tube 30°/23 with fixed graduation 50:50............................................................... 35
Fig. 2-9 Binocular photo tube 20°/23 with toggle graduation 100:0/0:100 .................................................. 35
Fig. 2-10 Binocular photo tube 30°/23 with toggle graduation 100:0/0:100 .................................................. 36
Fig. 2-11 Binocular ergo photo tube 20°/23 with vertical adjustment ........................................................... 37
Fig. 2-12 Mechanical stage 75x50 R with specimen holder ............................................................................ 38
Fig. 2-13 Mechanical stage 75x50 R with specimen holder ............................................................................ 38
Fig. 2-14 Mechanical stage for reflected light 75x30 R with specimen-holding plate .................................... 39
Fig. 2-15 Pol rotary stage ................................................................................................................................. 39
Fig. 2-16 Filter mount on luminous-field diaphragm operating ring for filter d=32x4 mm ............................ 40
Fig. 2-17 Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF, DF, Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 with modulator disk ...................................................... 40
Fig. 2-18 Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF ..................................................................................................................... 40
Fig. 2-19 4-position reflector turret................................................................................................................. 41
Fig. 2-20 Low-power system ............................................................................................................................ 41
Fig. 2-21 Polarizers........................................................................................................................................... 42
Fig. 2-22 Nosepiece of the transmitted/ reflected light polarization stand with mount for compensators .. 42

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Fig. 2-23 Camera connection panel (rear side) ............................................................................................... 49

Fig. 2-24 Camera operator panel (right side) .................................................................................................. 49
Fig. 2-25 OSD menu, Home ............................................................................................................................. 50
Fig. 3-1 Setting up the microscope ............................................................................................................... 51
Fig. 3-2 Placing tools in the storage compartment ....................................................................................... 52
Fig. 3-3 Attaching the binocular tube ........................................................................................................... 53
Fig. 3-4 Inserting eyepieces........................................................................................................................... 54
Fig. 3-5 Inserting the eyepiece reticle ........................................................................................................... 54
Fig. 3-6 Screwing in objectives ...................................................................................................................... 55
Fig. 3-7 Replacing the reflector module........................................................................................................ 56
Fig. 3-8 Installing a mechanical stage ........................................................................................................... 57
Fig. 3-9 Friction adjustment .......................................................................................................................... 58
Fig. 3-10 Replacing the snap-in Pol rotary stage, detachable Pol specimen guide and stage clips ................ 59
Fig. 3-11 Centering the Pol rotary stage ......................................................................................................... 60
Fig. 3-12 Centering objectives......................................................................................................................... 61
Fig. 3-13 Attaching the condenser .................................................................................................................. 62
Fig. 3-14 Mounting the darkfield condenser .................................................................................................. 63
Fig. 3-15 Removing the cover ......................................................................................................................... 64
Fig. 3-16 Changing the halogen lamp.............................................................................................................. 64
Fig. 3-17 Removing the LED illuminator.......................................................................................................... 65
Fig. 3-18 Changing the LED illuminator in the adapter ................................................................................... 65
Fig. 3-19 Inserting the LED illuminator............................................................................................................ 66
Fig. 3-20 Removing the cover ......................................................................................................................... 67
Fig. 3-21 Changing the halogen lamp.............................................................................................................. 67
Fig. 3-22 Swinging the loops out ..................................................................................................................... 68
Fig. 3-23 Changing the LED illuminator ........................................................................................................... 68
Fig. 3-24 Changing the LED illuminator in the adapter ................................................................................... 69
Fig. 3-25 Removing the module holder........................................................................................................... 70
Fig. 3-26 Changing the LED modules ............................................................................................................... 70
Fig. 3-27 Mounting the Axiocam 202 mono or Axiocam 208 color ................................................................ 72
Fig. 3-28 Mounting the polarizer D ................................................................................................................. 73
Fig. 3-29 Mounting the low-power system ..................................................................................................... 74
Fig. 3-30 Modulator disk in condenser 0.9 H Pol ............................................................................................ 75
Fig. 3-31 Power supply connector on the back of the stand .......................................................................... 75
Fig. 3-32 Mains switch on left side of microscope .......................................................................................... 76
Fig. 3-33 Intensity/LM knob and illumination modes ..................................................................................... 76
Fig. 4-1 Setting the inter-pupillary distance on the binocular tube .............................................................. 79
Fig. 4-2 Setting the viewing height on the binocular tube............................................................................ 79
Fig. 4-3 Microscope settings in transmitted light brightfield microscopy .................................................... 82
Fig. 4-4 Setting the height stop on the condenser carrier ............................................................................ 83
Fig. 4-5 Centering the darkfield stop on condenser, achromatic-aplanatic 0.9 H D Ph DIC ......................... 84

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Axiolab 5 Contents / List of Illustrations ZEISS

Fig. 4-6 Centering the annular phase diaphragm (light-colored, in the condenser) and the phase ring
(dark-colored, in the object) ............................................................................................................. 88
Fig. 4-7 Components for transmitted light polarization ................................................................................ 90
Fig. 4-8 Determining the polarization direction n' using a synthetic fiber as an example ........................... 91
Fig. 4-9 Schematic diagram of the color charts developed by Michel-Lévy .................................................. 93
Fig. 4-10 Components for circular polarization contrast ................................................................................. 96
Fig. 4-11 Axiolab 5 for transmitted light conoscopy........................................................................................ 98
Fig. 4-12 Determining optical character ........................................................................................................ 100
Fig. 4-13 Components for transmitted light polarization on the conoscopy stand ...................................... 102
Fig. 4-14 Determining the polarization direction n' using a synthetic fiber as an example ......................... 103
Fig. 4-15 Schematic diagram of the color charts according to Michel-Lévy.................................................. 105
Fig. 4-16 Components for circular polarization contrast on conoscopy stand.............................................. 108
Fig. 4-17 Axiolab 5 for transmitted light conoscopy...................................................................................... 110
Fig. 4-18 Determining the optical character.................................................................................................. 111
Fig. 4-19 Microscope settings in reflected light brightfield microscopy ....................................................... 113
Fig. 4-20 Components for reflected light fluorescence ................................................................................. 118
Fig. 5-1 Replacing the fuses in the stand ..................................................................................................... 120

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 INTRODUCTION
Axiolab 5 Notes on instrument safety ZEISS

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Notes on instrument safety

The Axiolab 5 microscopes were engineered, manufactured and tested in accordance with the DIN EN 61010-1
(IEC 61010-1) and IEC 61010-2-101 safety standards for electrical measuring, control and laboratory
equipment.
The microscopes fulfill the requirements as stated in Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices
(IVDD) and bear the marking.
The present manual contains information and safety warnings with which the operator must comply.

The following warning, instructional and informational symbols are used in this manual:

CAUTION

Warns the operator of a possible danger.

CAUTION

Warns the operator of hot surfaces.

CAUTION

Warns the operator of the emission of UV radiation.

CAUTION

Warns the operator of the emission of LED radiation.

CAUTION

Warns the operator to disconnect the instrument from the power supply before opening or doing
any work on the instrument.

ATTENTION

This symbol indicates the risk of damage to the instrument or the system.

NOTE

This symbol indicates information or instructions which must be followed especially carefully.

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 INTRODUCTION
Axiolab 5 Notes on instrument safety ZEISS

Axiolab 5 microscopes and their original accessories may be used only for the microscopy procedures
described in this manual.

Compliance with the following instructions is mandatory:

CAUTION

The microscope may only be plugged into an electrical outlet equipped with a safety contact. The
safety feature must not be disabled by using an extension cord which does not have a protective
ground conductor.

CAUTION

Whenever it becomes apparent that any of the safety mechanisms are out of order, the
microscope must be switched off and secured against any inadvertent use.
Please contact the ZEISS Service Department or the Carl Zeiss Microscopy Service before switching
the microscope on again.

CAUTION

The microscopes are equipped with integrated power supply units, which adapt to line voltages
ranging from 100 V to 240 V and frequencies ranging from 50 to 60 Hz. No voltage adjustment is
required on the microscopes themselves.

CAUTION

Always disconnect the microscope from the power supply before you open it or change a fuse!
Make sure that the fuses are suitable for the applied nominal current. Never use any makeshift
fuses and do not short-circuit the fuse holders.

CAUTION

The microscopes do not have any special safety devices to protect users from acid or from
potentially infectious, toxic, radioactive or other samples that may be hazardous to your health.
Compliance with all statutory requirements, especially national accident prevention regulations, is
required when handling such samples.

CAUTION

Only authorized personnel are permitted to operate the instruments. The personnel must have
been instructed about and be aware of the risks involved in using the microscope. The Axiolab is a
precision instrument whose functionality can easily be damaged or even destroyed when handled
improperly.

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 INTRODUCTION
Axiolab 5 Notes on instrument safety ZEISS

CAUTION

Operating the instrument in an area with a potentially explosive atmosphere is prohibited.

It may be operated only on stable, non-flammable surfaces.
Specimens must be disposed of appropriately in accordance with applicable statutory regulations
and internal work instructions.

CAUTION

The immersion fluid Immersol 518 N can cause skin irritations. Avoid any contact with skin, eyes
and clothes. Read the safety data sheets on Immersol 518 N, Immersol 518 F and Immersol W
carefully. If skin contact occurs, wash off immediately using lots of water and soap.
If eye contact occurs, flush with water immediately for at least 5 minutes. Seek medical assistance
if irritation continues.

CAUTION

Dispose of immersion fluid Immersol 518 N appropriately: Do not allow it to contaminate surface
water or enter drains or the sewage system.

CAUTION

Do not bring any flammable or easily combustible materials into the light beam.

CAUTION

This device belongs to LED Risk Group 2 as specified in IEC 62471 and emits LED radiation.
Never look into the LED beam of the illuminating device – either with or without optical
instruments. Failure to comply with this warning may result in eye injuries!

ATTENTION

The manufacturer assumes no liability for any use of the microscope, its assemblies or individual
parts if these are used in in a manner or for any purpose other than those described in this
operating manual. This also applies to any maintenance or repair work not performed by
authorized maintenance and repair personnel. Moreover, the warranty and any claims thereunder
will be voided.

ATTENTION

Dirt and dust may affect the microscope’s performance. Protect it by using a dust cover when it is
not in use. Always make sure that the instrument is switched off before covering it up.

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 INTRODUCTION
Axiolab 5 Notes on instrument safety ZEISS

ATTENTION

Always position equipment in a manner that permits easy disconnection from the power supply.

ATTENTION

Do not use a power supply cable with an inadequate rating.

ATTENTION

Closing or covering the ventilation slits may result in heat accumulation which could damage the
instrument and even start a fire. Ensure that the ventilation slits are always kept open, uncovered
and clear. Do not insert or drop anything into them or let anything fall into them.

ATTENTION

Do not dispose of defective microscopes in the household waste. Comply with the applicable
statutory regulations for their disposal.
Specimens must also be disposed of appropriately in accordance with applicable statutory
regulations and internal work instructions.

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 INTRODUCTION
Axiolab 5 Warning labels on the microscopes ZEISS

1.2 Warning labels on the microscopes

NOTE

Warning label: Hot surface!

Affixed to all stands with transmitted light halogen illumination.

Fig. 1-1 Warning labels on the Axiolab 5 stand for transmitted light and reflected light

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 INTRODUCTION
Axiolab 5 Warning labels on the microscopes ZEISS

Fig. 1-2 Warning labels on the Axiolab 5 stand for transmitted light

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 INTRODUCTION
Axiolab 5 Notes on the warranty ZEISS

1.3 Notes on the warranty

The manufacturer guarantees that the instrument is free of any material and workmanship defects upon
delivery. If you become aware of any deficiencies, please contact us immediately and take all necessary
precautions in order to avoid further damage. Upon notice of deficiencies, the manufacturer may choose to
correct the deficiencies or to deliver a defect-free instrument at his discretion. Defects due to ordinary wear
and tear (especially on wearing parts) and to improper handling are not covered by our warranty.

The manufacturer is not liable for damage to the instrument due to incorrect operation, negligence or any
other manipulation of the instrument, in particular due to the removal or replacement of instrument parts or
due to the use of accessories from other manufacturers. This will immediately void the warranty.

No maintenance or repair work, except for the instances mentioned in the manual, may be performed on the
microscopes. Only ZEISS service personnel or personnel authorized especially by ZEISS may perform repair
work on the microscopes. Should your instrument malfunction, please contact the ZEISS Microscopy Service
Department (see page 126) or the ZEISS agency assigned to your country.

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT
Axiolab 5 Intended use ZEISS

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT

2.1 Intended use

Axiolab 5 microscopes were designed as all-purpose microscopes for biological and medical applications as
well as materials analyses.
Depending on the microscope stand selected, they may also be used as true transmitted or reflected light
microscopes or as combined transmitted/reflected light fluorescence microscopes.
Typical biomedical applications of Axiolab 5 microscopes include:
− medical analysis in laboratories, clinics and medical practices
− science and research (colleges, universities) in the fields of medicine and biology
− industrial applications (pharmacology, food technology)
− analysis of human blood and tissue samples.

Axiolab 5 microscopes are typically used for materials analysis in the following areas, among others:
− metallographic laboratories
− automotive industry
− microsystems engineering
− geoscientific institutes
− mineral exploration industry

Depending on the instrument configuration, the following microscopy and contrasting techniques can be used:
Transmitted light Reflected light
− Brightfield (BF) − Brightfield (BF)
− Darkfield (DF) − Darkfield (DR)
− Phase contrast (Ph) − Polarization (Pol)
− Polarization (Pol) − Fluorescence (FL)
− Polarization (Conoscopy) − Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
− Polarization (C-Pol) − Circular differential interference contrast/total
interference contrast
(C-DIC/TIC)

The binocular photo tubes and suitable adapters permit one microscope camera, one reflex camera or one
digital/video camera to be attached for documentation purposes.
The Axiolab 5 was specifically designed and developed for ergonomic use in lengthy routine applications, e.g.
hematological, histological and cytological laboratory analyses.
Using a ZEISS Axiocam 202 mono or Axiocam 208 color camera, the microscope can be connected to an
external HD monitor via an HDMI connection or to a PC/laptop via a USB connection to control camera
functionality. Advanced analysis functions for recorded images are available if the ZEN software is installed on

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT
Axiolab 5 Intended use ZEISS

the PC. Furthermore, the camera functions can be controlled via WiFi connection from a tablet, PC or
smartphone using the Labscope/Matscope app.

The ergonomic design elements of the microscopes include:

− vertically adjustable, swivel-type and swivel/vertically adjustable ergo tubes
− Latex free, skin-friendly surfaces on the binocular section of the tubes, control elements and stand
− stage drives whose height and friction can be adjusted
− optional use of fine focusing knobs in standard form or as a jog/shuttle knob
− special ergonomic arrangement of the four main control elements: focusing drive, stage drive, light
manager control, and snap image button for comfortable operation

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT
Axiolab 5 Technical data ZEISS

2.2 Technical data

Dimensions (length x width x height)

Axiolab 5 basic microscope stand
without tube (430037-9011-000)............................................................... approx. 304 mm x 210 mm x 357.5 mm

The other stand models differ slightly in depth and significantly in height, depending on the tube used. An
overview of viewing heights (eyepoint heights) of the various tubes can be found on page 19.
An estimate of the height of the stand with the respective tube can be obtained by adding:
− 10 mm to the viewing height in the lower position of the binocular section for tubes with a fixed viewing
angle
− 10 mm to the viewing height of the upper limit for ergo tubes

Weight
Axiolab 5 microscope stand (depending on version and accessories) ......................................... approx. 8 to 20 kg

Ambient conditions

Shipping (in packaging):

Permissible ambient temperature .................................................................................................. -40 to +70 °C
Permissible humidity (without condensation) ........................................................................ max. 75% at 35 °C
Storage:
Permissible ambient temperature ................................................................................................. +10 to +40 °C
Permissible humidity (without condensation) ........................................................................ max. 75% at 35 °C
Operation:
Permissible ambient temperature ................................................................................................. +10 to +40 °C
Permissible relative humidity (without condensation) ........................................................... max. 75% at 35 °C
Highest permitted altitude of use ................................................................................................... max. 2000 m
Air pressure ......................................................................................................................... 800 hPa to 1060 hPa
Degree of pollution ............................................................................................................................................ 2

Operational specifications
Operational area ................................................................................................................................. Closed rooms
Protective class ......................................................................................................................................................... I
Protection type .................................................................................................................................................. IP 20
Electrical safety ......................................................................... in accordance with DIN EN 61010-1 (IEC 61010-1)
.............................................................................................................. in compliance with CSA and UL regulations
Overvoltage category .............................................................................................................................................. II
RFI suppression ...................................................................................................... complies with EN 55011 Class B
Noise immunity ..................................................................................................... complies with DIN EN 61326/A1
Mains voltage for the Axiolab 5 ........................................................................................................... 100 to 240 V
Mains frequency ...................................................................................................................................... 50 to 60 Hz
Power consumption of the Axiolab 5 ............................................................................................................ 100 VA

Fuses in compliance with IEC 127

Axiolab 5 microscope stand .............................................................................................. 2 x T 3.15 A/H, 5x20 mm

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT
Axiolab 5 Technical data ZEISS

Light sources
LED illumination with transmitted light/reflected light
Power consumption............................................................................................................................ max. 10 W
Adjustment of light source ............................................................................. continuous approx. 10 to 800 mA
Halogen lighting with transmitted light/reflected light
Power consumption............................................................................................................................ max. 35 W
Adjustment of light source ................................................................................ continuous, approx. 0.5 to 12 V
LED lighting with reflected light fluorescence with replaceable LED modules
Wavelengths optional...................................................................................................... 385, 470, 565, 625 nm
LED classification....................................................................................................... LED Risk Group 2 to IEC 62471

Axiolab 5
Stand with manual stage focusing
Coarse focusing............................................................................................................ approx. 4 mm/revolution
Fine focusing ............................................................................ approx. 0.4 mm/revolution; 4 µm scale interval
Lifting range ......................................................................................... depending on the stand, 15 mm/30 mm
Height stop ................................................................................................................................... factory pre-set
Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF with optional
modulator disk ........................................................................................................ for brightfield, darkfield and
........................................................................................................................................... phase contrast 1, 2, 3
Manual objective change.................................... depending on the nosepiece, 5x BF Pol or 5x BF DF, M27, coded
Manual reflector module change .................................................................. for 4-position reflector turret, coded

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT
Axiolab 5 Technical data ZEISS

Viewing height and tube angle

Order No. Binocular tube Viewing Adjustment Viewing height*

angle in mm

425520-9000-000 Binocular tube 30°/23 30° - None - 449 / 485

425520-9010-000 Binocular photo tube 30°/23 (50:50) 30° - None - 449 / 485

425520-9020-000 Binocular photo tube 30°/23 (100:100) Bio 30° - None - 449 / 485

425520-9030-000 Binocular photo tube 20°/23 (100:100) 20° - None - 442 / 481

425520-9050-000 Binocular ergo tube 15°/23 (50/50), 15° Height, 410 - 509
telescopic, height, upright image telescopic

425520-9090-000 Binocular tube 20°/23 20° 442 / 481

425520-9100-000 Binocular photo tube 20°/23 Pol (100:100) 20° 442 / 481

425512-0000-000 Binocular ergo tube 20°/23 (100/100), 20° Height 457 - 574
reverse image, 44 mm height

* Viewing heights:
Tubes with fixed viewing angle without ergo function:
Binocular part, lower/upper e.g. 442 / 481 → 442 to 481 mm

Angle- and vertically adjustable ergo tubes:

Binocular part, lower/upper e.g. 457 / 574 → 457 to 574 mm

All specifications are for an inter-pupillary distance of 65 mm.

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT
Axiolab 5 Interface diagram ZEISS

2.3 Interface diagram

The following figure shows a diagram of the interfaces of the microscope stand. The Axiolab 5 Mat-TL/RL stand
is used here as an example.

Fig. 2-1 Interface diagram (Example: Axiolab 5 Mat-TL/RL stand)

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Key to Fig. 2-1:

1 Camera interface 60N on the phototube
2 Tube
3 LED illumination
4 Base stand
5 Polarizer or filter carrier
6 Condenser carrier
7 Condenser
8 Stage
9 Reflector module

2.4 Control and functional elements on the microscope

2.4.1 Stand models

The following stand models are available in the delivery program:

1. Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL, XY stage with right handle (430037-9011-000)
2. Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL, XY stage 75x30 with right handle (430037-9110-000)
3. Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL, XY stage with left handle (430037-9060-000)
4. Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL, XY stage with right handle (430037-9021-000)
5. Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL, XY stage 75x30 with right handle (430037-9120-000)
6. Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL, XY stage with left handle (430037-9070-000)
7. Axiolab 5 stand Pol-TL, rotary stage (430037-9130-000)
8. Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/conoscopy, rotary stage (430037-9042-000)
9. Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/RL, rotary stage (430037-9032-000)
10. Axiolab 5 stand, Mat-TL/RL, XY stage with right handle (430037-9052-000)

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2.4.2 Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL

Transmitted light stand for bioscience (exemplarily: 430037-9011-000) equipped with the following main
components:
1. LED 10W-TL illuminator, optional with halogen reflector lamp 12 V 35 W
2. Nosepiece with 5 positions BF, coded
3. Mechanical stage, 75x50 R
4. Binocular photo tube, 30x/23 (50:50), reversed image
5. Eyepiece E-PL 10x/22, GW, focusable
6. Condenser 0.9/1.25H

Legend of Fig. 2-2:

1 Eyepieces
2 Binocular section of tube
3 Binocular tube/photo tube
4 Carrying handle
5 Tool kit storage/cable holder
6 Transmitted light illuminator in stand base
7 Basic stand
8 Intensity/LM knob for light intensity and Light Manager function (LM)
9 Indicator light
10 Permanent/ECO mode switch
11 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (right side, finger wheel)
12 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (right side)
13 Coaxial knurled knob for mechanical stage adjustment in the Y direction
14 Coaxial knurled knob for mechanical stage adjustment in the X direction
15 Snap button (right/left side)
16 Centering screw for condenser (right/left side)
17 Luminous-field diaphragm
18 Condenser with aperture diaphragm and modulator disk
19 Condenser carrier
20 Knurled knob for vertical adjustment of condenser (right/left side)
21 Stage carrier for mechanical stages
22 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (left side)
23 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (left side)
24 On/off switch
25 Mechanical stage, 75x50 R, with specimen holder
26 Nosepiece with 5 positions BF, coded
27 Slot for 6x20mm slider

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Fig. 2-2 Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL

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2.4.3 Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL

Transmitted light and reflected light fluorescence stand for bioscience (exemplarily: 430037-9021-000)
equipped with the following main components:
1. LED 10W-TL illumination, optional with halogen reflector lamp 12 V 35 W
2. FL-LED reflected light illumination with 3-position mount for LED
3. Nosepiece with 5 positions BF, coded
4. Mechanical stage, 75x50 R
5. 4-position reflector turret for P&C modules, coded
6. Binocular photo tube, 30x/23 (100:0/0:100), reversed image
7. Eyepiece E-PL 10x/22, GW, focusable
8. Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF

Legend of Fig. 2-3:

1 Eyepieces
2 Binocular section of tube
3 Binocular comfortable ergo tube
4 LED selection knob for 3 positions (UV, B, G)
5 FL-LED reflected light illumination
6 Tool kit storage/cable holder
7 Transmitted light illumination in stand base
8 Basic stand
9 Intensity/LM knob for light intensity and Light Manager function (LM)
10 Reflected light (RL) button and indicator light for reflected light
11 Transmitted light (TL) button and indicator light for transmitted light
12 Permanent/ECO mode switch
13 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (right side, finger wheel)
14 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (right side)
15 Coaxial knurled knob for mechanical stage adjustment in the Y direction
16 Coaxial knurled knob for mechanical stage adjustment in the X direction
17 Snap button (right/left side)
18 Nosepiece with 5 positions BF, FL-LED
19 Luminous-field diaphragm
20 Slot for 6x20mm slider
21 Condenser
22 Knurled knob for vertical adjustment of condenser (right/left side)
23 Centering screw for condenser (right/left side)
24 Condenser carrier
25 Stage carrier for mechanical stages
26 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (left side)
27 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (left side)
28 On/off switch
29 Mechanical stage, 75x50 R, with specimen holder
30 4-position reflector turret

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Fig. 2-3 Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL

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2.4.4 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL

Transmitted light stand for polarization (430037-9130-000) with the following main components:
1. LED 10W-TL illumination, optional with halogen reflector lamp 12 V 35 W
2. Nosepiece with 5 positions BF Pol (with 4x centerable, 1x fixed), coded
3. Rotary stage Pol, 360° with clamping device click stop per 45°
4. Polarizer D, fixed, removable
5. Binocular photo tube 30x/23 (100:0/0:100), reversed image
6. Eyepiece E-PL 10x/22, GW, focusable, Pol
7. Condenser 0.9 BF Pol

Legend of Fig. 2-4:

1 Eyepieces
2 Binocular section of tube
3 Binocular tube/photo tube
4 Carrying handle
5 Tool kit storage/cable holder
6 Transmitted light illumination
7 Basic stand
8 Intensity/LM knob for light intensity and Light Manager function (LM)
9 Indicator light
10 Permanent/ECO mode switch
11 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (right side)
12 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (right side)
13 Snap button (right/left side)
14 Knurled knob for vertical adjustment of condenser (right/left side)
15 Locking screw for rotary stage (arrests rotation)
16 Nosepiece with 5 positions BF Pol (with 4x centerable, 1x fixed)
17 Centering screw for condenser (right/left side)
18 Luminous-field diaphragm
19 Condenser with aperture diaphragm and modulator disk
20 Rotary stage lock in stage carrier
21 Polarizer D, fixed, removable
22 Condenser carrier
23 Stage carrier for rotary stages (also suitable for mechanical stages)
24 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (left side)
25 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (left side)
26 On/off switch
27 Rotary stage, Pol 360° (click stop every 45°) with specimen guide
28 Slot for 6x20mm slider

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Fig. 2-4 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL

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2.4.5 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/conoscopy

Transmitted light stand for polarization/conoscopy (430037-9042-000) with the following main components:
1. LED 10W-TL illumination, optional with halogen reflector lamp 12 V 35 W
2. Nosepiece with 5 positions BF Pol (with 4x centerable, 1x fixed), coded
3. Rotary stage Pol, 360° with clamping device click stop per 45°
4. Polarizer D, fixed, removable
5. Binocular photo tube 30x/23 (100:0/0:100), reversed image
6. Eyepiece E-PL 10x/22 GW, focusable, Pol
7. Condenser 0.9 BF Pol

Legend of Fig. 2-5:

1 Eyepieces
2 Binocular section of tube
3 Binocular tube/photo tube
4 Carrying handle
5 Storage compartments for two 6x20mm sliders
6 Tool kit storage/cable holder
7 Transmitted light illumination
8 Basic stand
9 Rotary knob BL: Swiveling Bertrand lens in/out
10 Rotary knob A: Swiveling analyzer in/out
11 Intensity/LM knob for light intensity and Light Manager function (LM)
12 Indicator light
13 Permanent/ECO mode switch
14 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (right side)
15 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (right side)
16 Snap button (right/left side)
17 Knurled knob for vertical adjustment of condenser (right/left side)
18 Locking screw for rotary stage (arrests rotation)
19 Nosepiece with 5 positions BF Pol (with 4x centerable, 1x fixed)
20 Centering screw for condenser (right/left side)
21 Luminous-field diaphragm
22 Slot for 6x20mm slider
23 Condenser with aperture diaphragm and modulator disk
24 Rotary stage lock in stage carrier
25 Polarizer D, fixed, removable
26 Condenser carrier
27 Stage carrier for rotary stages (also suitable for mechanical stages)
28 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (left side)
29 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (left side)
30 On/off switch
31 Rotary stage, Pol 360° (click stop every 45°) with specimen guide
32 Setting wheel for polarization direction of analyzer
33 Setting wheel for focusing of Bertrand lens

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Fig. 2-5 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/Conoscopy

ATTENTION

The movements of rotary knobs A and BL (Fig. 2-5/9 and 10) and the respective setting wheels
(Fig. 2-5/33 and 32) are coupled with each other. This means that only one control element should
be operated at a time and the movement of the other should not be inhibited or blocked.
Otherwise, mechanical damage may occur.

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2.4.6 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/RL

Transmitted light and reflected light stand for polarization (430037-9032-000) with the following main
components:
1. LED 10W-TL illumination, optional with halogen reflector lamp 12 V 35 W
2. LED 10W-RL illumination
3. Nosepiece with 5 positions BF DF Pol (with 4x centerable, 1x fixed), coded
4. Rotary stage Pol, 360° with clamping device click stop per 45°
5. Polarizer D, fixed, removable
6. Polarizer slider A, 6x30mm, 90° rotatable
7. 4-position reflector turret for P&C modules, coded
8. Binocular photo tube 30°/23 (50/50), reversed image
9. Eyepiece E-PL 10x/22 GW, focusable, Pol
10. Condenser 0.9 BF Pol

Legend of Fig. 2-6:

1 Eyepieces
2 Binocular section of tube
3 Binocular tube/photo tube
4 Slot for polarizer slider 6x30 mm, reflected light
5 Slot for filter slider, reflected light
6 Luminous-field diaphragm (centered)
7 Aperture diaphragm (centered)
8 Reflected light illumination
9 Tool kit storage flap/cable holder
10 Transmitted light illuminator in stand base
11 Basic stand
12 Intensity/LM knob for light intensity and Light Manager function (LM)
13 Reflected light (RL) button and indicator light for reflected light
14 Transmitted light (TL) button and indicator light for transmitted light
15 Permanent/ECO mode switch
16 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (right side, finger wheel)
17 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (right side)
18 Snap button (right/left side)
19 Knurled knob for vertical adjustment of condenser (right/left side)
20 Locking screw for rotary table (arrests rotation)
21 Nosepiece, with 5 positions BF DF Pol (with 4x centerable, 1x fixed)
22 Centering screw for condenser (right/left side)
23 Luminous-field diaphragm
24 Slot for 6x20mm slider
25 Condenser with aperture diaphragm and modulator disk
26 Rotary stage lock in stage carrier
27 Polarizer D, fixed, removable
28 Condenser carrier
29 Stage carrier for rotary stages (also suitable for mechanical stages)
30 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (left side)
31 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (left side)
32 On/off switch
33 Rotary stage, Pol 360° (click stop every 45°) with specimen guide
34 4-position reflector turret

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Fig. 2-6 Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/RL

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2.4.7 Axiolab 5 stand, Mat-TL/RL

Transmitted light and reflected light materials stand (430037-9052-000) with the following main components:
1. LED 10W-TL illumination, optional with halogen reflector lamp 12 V 35 W
2. LED 10W-RL illumination
3. Nosepiece with 5 positions BF DF, coded
4. Mechanical stage, 75x30 R
5. 4-position reflector turret for P&C modules, coded
6. Binocular photo tube 20°/23 (100:0/0:100), upright image with sliding prism
7. Eyepiece E-PL 10x/22 GW, focusable
8. Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF

Legend of Fig. 2-7:

1 Eyepieces
2 Binocular section of tube
3 Binocular tube/photo tube
4 Slot for polarizer slider 6x30 mm, reflected light
5 Slot for filter slider, reflected light
6 Luminous-field diaphragm (centered)
7 Aperture diaphragm (centered)
8 Reflected light illumination
9 Tool kit storage/cable holder
10 Transmitted light illuminator in stand base
11 Basic stand
12 Intensity/LM knob for light intensity and Light Manager function (LM)
13 Reflected light (RL) button with indicator light for reflected light
14 Transmitted light (TL) button with indicator light for transmitted light
15 Permanent/ECO mode switch
16 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (right side, finger wheel)
17 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (right side)
18 Coaxial knurled knob for mechanical stage adjustment in Y direction
19 Coaxial knurled knob for mechanical stage adjustment in X direction
20 Snap button (right/left side)
21 Nosepiece, with 5 positions BF DF
22 Luminous-field diaphragm
23 Slot for 6x20mm slider
24 Condenser with aperture diaphragm
25 Knurled knob for vertical adjustment of condenser (right/left side)
26 Centering screw for condenser (right/left side)
27 Condenser carrier
28 Stage carrier
29 Focusing drive – coarse adjustment (left side)
30 Focusing drive – fine adjustment (left side)
31 On/off switch
32 Mechanical stage, 75x30 R, with specimen holder
33 4-position reflector turret

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Fig. 2-7 Axiolab 5 stand, Mat-TL/RL

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2.4.8 Functions of stands keys and display elements

For the location of the keys and display elements at your stand, refer to section 2.4.2 to 2.4.7.

Key Action Functionality/Description

On/off switch I/O
I = on; O = off Switches the microscope on/off
(see Fig. 2-3/28)
Switches between Permanent (continuous) mode and ECO mode of
the microscope illumination:
- Permanent mode active: illumination is
Permanent/
continuously switched on.
ECO switch Switch: - ECO mode active: illumination switches off
(see Fig. 2-3/12) after 15 minutes without action.
Note: Don't use ECO mode for experiments involving time-lapse or
video recording.
Indicator light
Blinking ***: Indicates whether microscope is working in TL or RL mode.
(see Fig. 2-3/10 and 11)
RL/TL button Switches RL/TL light source alternately on/off.
Short press *:
(see Fig. 2-3/10 and 11) The respective indicator light is continuously illuminated.
Turn: Controls the light intensity of the active light source.
Light Manager function:
Long press **: Saves the light intensity; after saving is done, the LED switches off
Intensity/
for 300 ms (darkness indicates action to user).
LM knob
(see Fig. 2-3/9) Activates the factory default settings (enables/disables Light
Manager functionality).
Long press for 20 s:
The indicator light starts blinking in RED after 3 s until 20 s is
reached. After 20 s, the indicator light turns to GREEN continuously.

Left Snap button or Snaps an image; after snap is finished, the monitor display appears
Short press *:
Right Snap button in BLACK for 50 ms.
(see Fig. 2-3/17) Starts video recording; another short press is required to stop
(only if Axiocam 202 or Long press **: recording. After recording is finished, the monitor display appears in
208 is attached) BLACK for 300ms.
Enables/disables Light Manager (LM):
- Disabling: The indicator light blinks
Snap button +
Long press **: GREEN / ORANGE / GREEN in sequence.
Intensity/LM knob
- Enabling: The indicator light blinks
GREEN / GREEN / GREEN in sequence.

* Short press means: hold less than 1 second, then release.

** Long press means: hold at least 1.5 seconds.
*** BLINK: the indicator light alternately goes on/off at 500 ms intervals

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2.5 Control and functional elements on

microscope components

2.5.1 Binocular tubes/photo tubes

The appropriate adapters for reflex cameras,

microscope cameras and video cameras may be
plugged into the camera port (Fig. 2-8/1, Fig. 2-9/1 or
Fig. 2-10/2) of the binocular photo tubes.

Binocular photo tube 30°/20 with fixed graduation

50:50
Fifty percent of the light is directed to the eyepieces
and fifty percent to the camera port (Fig. 2-8). Fig. 2-8 Binocular photo tube 30°/23 with fixed
graduation 50:50

Binocular photo tube 20°/23 upright image with

toggle graduation 100:0/0:100
The light can be directed using the slider to either the
eyepieces or the mounted camera.
− Slider (Fig. 2-9/2) pushed in:
100% light to eyepieces.
− Slider (Fig. 2-9/2) pulled out:
100% light to camera.

Fig. 2-9 Binocular photo tube 20°/23 with toggle

graduation 100:0/0:100

NOTE

For polarization microscopy, we recommend using the Pol photo tube with upright image and one
eyepiece reticle (graticule).

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Binocular photo tube 30°/23 (100:0/0:100)

The light can be directed using a shift knob to either
the eyepieces or the mounted camera.

− Shift knob (Fig. 2-10/3) to front

(eye symbol):
100% light to eyepieces.
− Shift knob (Fig. 2-10/3) to the rear (camera
symbol):
100% light to camera.
− Push-pull rod (Fig. 2-10/1) pushed in:
eyepiece shutter closed.
− Push-pull rod (Fig. 2-10/1) pulled out:
eyepiece shutter opened.
Fig. 2-10 Binocular photo tube 30°/23 with toggle
− Particularly for camera shots with extended
graduation 100:0/0:100
exposure times, it is recommended that
possible residual light incidence through the
eyepiece is prevented either by means of an
eyepiece shutter or eyepiece cover (included in
dust guard set). If neither is available, remove
the eyepiece and attach the supplied dust cap
to the eyepiece barrels!

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Binocular ergo tube/ergo photo tube 20°/23

The ergo tube is designed for the 23 mm field of
view. For use on the Axiolab 5 it is recommended for
a maximum field of view of 22 mm. The viewing angle
is 20°.

The ergo photo tubes are equipped with a camera

port (Fig. 2-11/1).
710H6

The camera ports can be used to mount a reflex

camera, a microscope camera or a video camera with
the aid of appropriate adapters.
The camera port may carry a maximum weight of 2.5
kg (camera plus cable). For a fee, the ZEISS service Fig. 2-11 Binocular ergo photo tube 20°/23 with
personnel will equip your instrument with a higher vertical adjustment
maximum load, if needed.

The ergo tubes allow a height adjustment range of 44 mm.

A larger range of adjustment can be used by swiveling the binocular section from the lower to the upper
observation position (depending on inter-pupillary distance).
− Continuous vertical adjustment by means of the rotary knobs (Fig. 2-11/3).
706H

− The adjustment range can be read off the vertical scale (Fig. 2-11/4).
70H

The ergo photo tube has two switch settings (Graduation: 100:0/0:100).
− Push-pull rod (Fig. 2-11/2) pushed in:
708H 100% to the eyepieces
− Push-pull rod (Fig. 2-11/2) pulled out:
709H 100% to the camera port

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2.5.2 Microscope stages

Mechanical stage 75x30 R

− Rackless mechanical stage (Fig. 2-12/1) for
holding and positioning specimens with a
specimen holder.
− Specimen holder (Fig. 2-12/2) for single-
handed operation (replaceable after loosening
the two knurled screws, Fig. 2-12/3).
− Coaxial knurled knobs for X (Fig. 2-12/7) and Y
(Fig. 2-12/6) adjustment on the right-hand side
(height and friction adjustable with dedicated
tool).

Fig. 2-12 Rackless stage 75x30 R with specimen − Vernier scale for display of the adjustment
holder range in X (Fig. 2-12/4) and Y direction
(Fig. 2-12/5).

Mechanical stage 75x50 R or L

− Rackless mechanical stage (Fig. 2-13/1) for
holding and positioning specimens with a
specimen holder.
− Specimen holder (Fig. 2-13/2) for single-
handed operation (replaceable after loosening
the two knurled screws, Fig. 2-13/3).
− Coaxial knurled knobs for X (Fig. 2-13/7) and Y
adjustment (Fig. 2-13/6) on the right- or left-
hand side, depending on the model (height and
friction adjustable with dedicated tool).
− Vernier scale for display of the adjustment
range in X (Fig. 2-13/4) and Y (Fig. 2-13/5)
Fig. 2-13 Mechanical stage 75x50 R with specimen direction.
holder

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Mechanical stage 75x30 R

− Mechanical stage (Fig. 2-14/8) for holding and
positioning specimens with a specimen holder.
− Specimen holder (Fig. 2-14/2) for single-
handed operation (replaceable after loosening
the two knurled screws, Fig. 2-14/1)
− Coaxial knurled knobs for X (Fig. 2-14/7) and Y
(Fig. 2-14/6) adjustment on the right-hand side
(height and friction adjustable with dedicated
tool, Fig. 2-14/5).
− Vernier scale for display of the adjustment
range in X (Fig. 2-14/3) and Y (Fig. 2-14/4)
direction. Fig. 2-14 Mechanical stage 75x30 R with specimen
holder

Rotary stage Pol 360° with lock

− The Pol rotary stage for holding and positioning
specimens with specimen guide (Fig. 2-15/4)
and specimen holder (Fig. 2-15/6)
accommodates standard 45x25 mm slides and
75x25 mm (3”x1”).
− 360° rotation with lock (use knurled screw to
lock) (Fig. 2-15/5).
− Click stop (Fig. 2-15/7) every 45°; enabled
or disabled via the control knob (Fig. 2-15/8).
− The specimen guide (Fig. 2-15/4) can be
removed by unscrewing the two clamp screws Fig. 2-15 Pol rotary stage
with an Allen wrench (AF 2), Fig. 2-15/3; two
cylindrical pins on the underside serve as
orientation for mounting the specimen guide
on the rotary stage.
− The specimen guide is equipped with a
specimen holder that can be shifted in the X
and Y directions using the coaxial knurled
knobs (Fig. 2-15/2 and 1). The shifts in the X
and Y directions can be read off the respective
Vernier scale.

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2.5.3 Filter mount on luminous-field

diaphragm operating ring for filter
32x4 mm

− Place the filter (Fig. 2-16/2) on the luminous-

field diaphragm operating ring (Fig. 2-16/3).
− To secure the filter, insert the filter clamp
(Fig. 2-16//1) on the luminous-field diaphragm
operating ring.
− To replace the filter, grip the recesses of the
filter clamp and pull it off the luminous-field
Fig. 2-16 Filter mount on luminous-field diaphragm operating ring.
diaphragm operating ring for filter
d=32x4 mm

2.5.4 Condensers

Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF, DF, Ph1, Ph2, Ph3

Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF (Fig. 2-17/1) with aperture
diaphragm (Fig. 2-17/4) with modulator disk
(Fig. 2-17/3) for:
− brightfield microscopy (BF)
− darkfield microscopy (DF)
− phase contrast microscopy (Ph 1, Ph 2, Ph 3)
Adjust the position of the modulator disk by turning
Fig. 2-17 Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF, DF, Ph1, Ph2, the knurled ring (Fig. 2-17/2).
Ph3 with modulator disk
This condenser is also available without a modulator.
disk, i.e. only for brightfield microscopy.

Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF
Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF (Fig. 2-18/1) with aperture
diaphragm (Fig. 2-18/2) for brightfield microscopy.
This condenser is also available with a modulator
disk.

Fig. 2-18 Condenser 0.9/1.25 BF

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2.5.5 Filter slider for reflected light stand

− Filter slider for reflected light with two positions for filters with a diameter of 25 mm (neutral and color
filters, white balance filter)
− Insert the filter slider from the left and operate (Fig. 2-7/5)

2.5.6 Reflector turret with 4 positions

The 4-position reflector turret is equipped with push-

and-click (P&C) reflector positions.
The reflector position is adjusted by turning the
knurled ring (Fig. 2-19/1). The marking (Fig. 2-19/2)
on the knurled ring shows the reflector position in
the beam path.
The stickers supplied can be used to identify the
reflector modules used. The stickers can be applied
to the areas provided (Fig. 2-19/3).

Fig. 2-19 4-position reflector turret

2.5.7 Low-power system for objectives

2.5x/4x

The low-power system is for full display field

illumination when using an objective with a weak
magnification factor (2.5x–4x) in combination with
the Abbe condenser 0.9/1.25 H.
It can be centered and remains swiveled into the
beam path for as long as the respective objective is in
use.
− Swivel the low-power system (Fig. 2-20/2)
into/out of the beam path using the handle
(Fig. 2-20/1). Ensure that the low-power Fig. 2-20 Low-power system
system snaps in securely when swiveled in.
The illumination of weak objective magnifications can be centered with the centering screws. For this purpose,
the condenser should be centered on the other objectives without the low-power system.

ATTENTION

If the condenser carrier with mounted low-power system is moved too far down, the low-power
system may collide with the field diaphragm and damage it!

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2.5.8 Polarizer

Polarizer D, 90° rotatable, switchable (Fig. 2-21/3)

− Polarizer can be swiveled in/out using handle
(Fig. 2-21/1)
− Polarizer with lever (Fig. 2-21/2), 90° rotatable

Polarizer, fixed with lambda plate, rotatable,

(Fig. 2-21/7)
− Polarizer can be swiveled in/out using handle
(Fig. 2-21/5)
− Lambda plate can be swiveled in/out using
Fig. 2-21 Polarizers handle (Fig. 2-21/4)
− Lambda plate with lever (Fig. 2-21/6), rotatable

ATTENTION

If the condenser carrier with mounted polarizer is moved too far down, the polarizer may collide
with the field diaphragm and damage it!

2.5.9 Nosepiece with objectives

− Nosepiece 5x with M27 threaded insert for five

objectives.
− You can change the objectives quickly by
turning the nosepiece on knurled ring
(Fig. 2-22/2).
− Incorporates slot (Fig. 2-22/3) for 6x20mm slider
(compensators, analyzers, quarter plates).
− Stand for transmitted light polarization and
stand for transmitted light conoscopy with
Fig. 2-22 Nosepiece of the transmitted/ reflected
5_position nosepiece, of which one position is
light polarization stand with mount for
compensators
fixed and four positions can be centered with
the aid of two screws each (Fig. 2-22/1).

ATTENTION

Do not overtighten the screws (Fig. 2-22/1) on the stop.

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2.5.10 Microscope operating modes

2.5.10.1 Using the microscope imaging system as a standalone system

The microscope with Axiocam 208/202 can be used in standalone mode. The camera acts as the control
interface and is powered by microscope via the USB (Commercial Micro-D power) cable. A USB Type-C drive is
included in the package and can be connected via the USB slot at the back of the camera for storing data. Then
images are recorded and saved to the USB drive. Functions of the microscope stand such as the Light Manager
and encoding are automatically launched. The camera is equipped with image enhancement functions such as
true color and noise reduction.

NOTE

Please note that the focus plane of the camera must be adjusted to the focus plane of the
eyepieces via the camera adapter.

Functionality:
− Light Manager
− Coded components
− Image enhancement
(true color, noise
reduction)
− Snap and save image on
USB drive
− Record and save movie
on USB drive

1 USB Type-C drive included in package

NOTE
− Currently the snap button on the stand functions only with the Axiocam 208/202. It cannot be
used with any other cameras.
− The snap button on the stand works only when a USB drive is detected by the camera port.

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2.5.10.2 Connecting the microscope to an HD monitor, TV or projector via an HDMI cable

A monitor can be connected to the camera via an HDMI cable. The camera is powered by the microscope via
the USB (Commercial Micro-D power) cable. A USB hub can be connected via the USB port on the camera. A
wireless or wired mouse and keyboard can be connected to the camera via the USB hub, which together with
the monitor, act as the control interface. Functions such as the Light Manager, encoding and image
enhancement are automatically deployed. Live images can be viewed on the monitor display and advanced
features are available in OSD (on-screen display). With Axiolab 5 TL/FL, One-key fluorescence function can be
used. Images can be snapped and saved into the USB Type-C drive, which is connected via the USB hub.

Functionality :
− Light Manager
− Coded components
− Image enhancement
− Observe live image on
display
− Snap and save image on
the USB drive
− Record and save movie
on the USB drive
− One-key fluorescence*
− Advanced features in
OSD
*: This works only with
Axiolab TL/FL

1 USB hub (input type C to output type A)

2 USB Type-C drive provided in package
3 Mouse keyboard

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2.5.10.3 Using the microscope imaging system with Labscope/Matscope via a Wi-Fi dongle connection

The camera is powered by the microscope via a USB (Commercial Micro-D power) cable. An optional monitor
can be connected to the camera via an HDMI cable. The recommended USB Wi-Fi dongle can be connected to
the camera via the USB hub. The control interface can be a PC or portable electronic device that uses Wi-Fi.
Functions such as the Light Manager, encoding, ECO mode and image enhancement are automatically
launched. When a monitor is connected, live images can be viewed on the monitor display. Live images can
also be viewed on PC or portable devices and advanced features in Labscope/Matscope are available. With
Axiolab 5 TL/FL, the one-key fluorescence function can be used.

Functionality:
− Light Manager
− Coded components
− ECO mode
− Image
enhancement
− Observe live image
− Snap and save
image via software
− One-key
fluorescence*
− Advanced features
in Labscope/
Matscope
*: Only with specific
microscopy configuration

1 USB Wi-Fi dongle (please see the ZEISS website for the recommended
model)

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2.5.10.4 Using the microscope imaging system with Labscope/Matscope via a WLAN router connection

The camera is powered by the microscope via a USB (Commercial Micro-D power) cable. An optional monitor
can be connected to the camera via an HDMI cable. A router is connected to the camera via Ethernet. The
control interface can be a PC or portable electronic device controlled via Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Functions such as
the Light Manager, encoding, ECO mode and image enhancement are automatically launched. When a monitor
is connected, live images can be viewed on the monitor display. Live images can also be viewed on a PC or a
portable device and advanced features in Labscope/Matscope are available. With Axiolab 5 TL/FL, the one-key
fluorescence function can be used.

Functionality:
− Light Manager
− Coded components
− ECO mode
− Image enhancement
− Observe live image
− Snap and save
image via software
− One-key
fluorescence*
− Advanced features
in Labscope/
Matscope
*: Only with specific
microscopy configuration

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2.5.10.5 Using the microscope imaging system with Labscope/Matscope via a USB connection

The camera is powered by the microscope via a USB (Commercial Micro-D power) cable. An optional monitor
can be connected to the camera via an HDMI cable. A PC or Windows Surface can be connected to the camera
via a USB cable. Functions such as the Light Manager, encoding, ECO mode and image enhancement are
automatically launched. When a monitor is connected, live images can be viewed on the monitor display. Live
images can also be viewed on a PC or Surface and advanced features in Labscope/Matscope are available.
With Axiolab TL/FL, the one-key fluorescence function can be used.

Functionality:
− Light Manager
− Coded components
− ECO mode
− Image enhancement
− Observe live image
− Snap and save
image via software
− One-key
fluorescence*
− Advanced features
in Labscope/
Matscope
*: Only with specific
microscopy configuration

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2.5.10.6 Using the microscope imaging system with ZEN software via a USB connection

The camera is powered via a USB (Commercial Micro-D power) cable connected to an external power socket. A
workstation can be connected to the camera and the microscope stand via USB cables at the same time.
Functions such as the Light Manager, encoding and ECO mode are automatically launched. Live images can
also be viewed on the workstation and basic features in ZEN are available.

Functionalitiy:
− Light Manager
− Coded components
− ECO mode
− Image enhancement
− Observe live image
− Snap and save
image via software
− Basic features in ZEN

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2.5.11 Axiocam 202 mono/208 color controls

and connectors

The camera connection panel contains the following

connectors (see Fig. 2-23):
1 port for power supply and communication to the
microscope stand (via Commercial Micro-D cable)

2 port for camera control and image transfer (USB 3.0)

3 Gigabit Ethernet port (RJ45) for communication and

image transfer

4 HDMI port for image data transfer to a monitor,

TV or projector
Fig. 2-23 Camera connection panel
(rear side)

The Axiocam control panel contains the following

elements (see Fig. 2-24):
1 camera factory reset button

2 image/video capture button (

3 OSD menu button

4 status LED

NOTE

For more information about OSD see the

Fig. 2-24 Camera operator panel
Axiocam 202/208 User Guide. (right side)

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2.5.12 OSD functionality with

Axiocam 202 mono/208 color

The On Screen Display menu (OSD menu) is shown on

whatever display the camera is connected to via an
HDMI cable.

• Press the OSD menu button (Fig. 2-24/3) to open

the menu (see Fig. 2-25).

NOTE

For more information about OSD

functionality, see the Axiocam 202/208
User Guide.

Fig. 2-25 OSD menu, Home

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3 START-UP
The Axiolab 5 microscopes can be independently installed, converted and started up by the customer.
On request, the microscope can also be installed or converted by ZEISS Service for an extra charge.

NOTE

Before installing and starting up the microscope, read the Notes on instrument safety (see section
1.1) carefully and thoroughly.

The assembly activities described in the following section are illustrated using examples for one microscope
stand type. However, they apply similarly to other microscope stand models. Special features are described
separately.

3.1 Mounting standard components

3.1.1 Unpacking and setting up microscope

stand

• Remove all components from the packaging and

check that all components described on the
delivery note are present.
• Set up the microscope stand (Fig. 3-1/1) on a
vibration-free, level, hard and non-combustible
surface.
• Keep the original packaging for storage or for
returning the instrument to the manufacturer, or
dispose of it properly.

Fig. 3-1 Setting up the microscope

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• The tools (Fig. 3-2/1) required for set-up and

adjustment of the microscope are located in the
storage compartment (Fig. 3-2/2) at the back of
the stand.
• Pull the cover flap to open it, push it to close.

The following tools are included in the delivery:

− angled Allen wrench (AF 3)
− two knurled Allen wrenches (AF 1.5) for
adjusting the phase contrast diaphragms in the
respective condenser positions.

• For shipping, the power cord can be rolled up and

Fig. 3-2 Placing tools in the storage stowed in the open cover flap.
compartment

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3.1.2 Attaching the binocular tube/photo tube

For tubes mounted without an intermediate plate, proceed as follows:

• Loosen the screw (Fig. 3-3/4) with an Allen wrench (AF 3). Remove the dust caps (Fig. 3-3/2, 5) from the
underside of the tube and the dovetail ring mount on the stand side.
• Hold the binocular tube/photo tube (Fig. 3-3/1) at an angle, insert it with the dovetail ring into the stand
mount (Fig. 3-3/3) and turn into a horizontal position. Rotate the binocular tube into the desired
observation position and re-tighten the Allen screw with the Allen wrench.

Fig. 3-3 Attaching the binocular tube

For tubes mounted with an intermediate plate on the Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/conoscopy (430037-90042-000),
proceed as follows:
• Loosen the screw (Fig. 3-3/6) with an Allen wrench (AF 3). Remove dust caps (Fig. 3-3/8, 11) from the
underside of the tube and the dovetail ring mount on the stand side.
• Insert the intermediate plate (Fig. 3-3/10) with its dovetail ring into the stand mount (Fig. 3-3/7) and
tighten Allen screw (Fig. 3-3/6).
• Insert the binocular tube/photo tube (Fig. 3-3/12) into the intermediate plate, align and tighten the screw
(Fig. 3-3/9) with the Allen wrench.

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3.1.3 Inserting eyepieces or auxiliary

microscope or pinhole diaphragm

• Remove both dust caps (Fig. 3-4/1 and 5) from the

binocular tube.
• Remove both eyepieces (Fig. 3-4/2) from the box
and insert them into the binocular tube to the
stop.

NOTE

Before inserting Pol eyepieces with tubes

without upright reticles, the orientation
screw on the reverse side of the
Fig. 3-4 Inserting eyepieces eyepieces must be unscrewed. The
eyepieces cannot otherwise be fully
inserted.

• Instead of an eyepiece you may insert an auxiliary microscope (Fig. 3-4/3) into one of the binocular
301H

eyepiece tubes in order to observe aperture, phase and darkfield diaphragms and to center phase and
darkfield diaphragms. These diaphragms can be focused with the adjustable eye lens of the auxiliary
microscope.
• The auxiliary microscope (Fig. 3-4/3) or pinhole diaphragm (Fig. 3-4/4) can be used to observe conoscopic
images.

Inserting the eyepiece reticle

Eyepiece reticles (Fig. 3-5/5) can be used with
eyepieces (Fig. 3-5/3) marked with a red dot (Fig.
3-5/R).
• Unscrew mounting stop (Fig. 3-5/6) from the
eyepiece (Fig. 3-5/3).
• Pull locking ring (Fig. 3-5/4) out.
• Insert eyepiece reticle (Fig. 3-5/5) into the
mounting stop and fix it with the locking ring.
• Screw mounting stop (Fig. 3-5/6) into the eyepiece
(Fig. 3-5/3).
Make sure that the side of the reticle (Fig. 3-5/5) with
the line pattern on it is facing the mounting stop in
the tube (Fig. 3-5/6) (the line pattern occurs mirror-
Fig. 3-5 Inserting the eyepiece reticle inverted from the observer’s point of view before the
insertion). After insertion into the beam path of the
microscope it is readable true to side.

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The slight image shift caused by the additional path through glass is taken into account on the diopter scale by
the fact that the zero point position is indicated not by the white dot (Fig. 3-5/W), but the red dot (Fig. 3-5/R).

NOTE

The eyepiece reticles must be inserted under dust-free conditions. This should be carried out only
by ZEISS Service.

Inserting reversible eyecups

The eyepieces have rubber protection rings to avoid scratches on the eyeglasses. These may be replaced by
reversible eyecups as desired.
• For this purpose, remove the eyeglass protection rings (Fig. 3-5/2) from the eyepieces and mount the
eyecups (Fig. 3-5/1).
Sometimes the eyeglass protection rings are seated very tightly in the eyepiece groove, so you may need a
blunt specimen (wooden stick) to prod them off.

3.1.4 Screwing in objectives

• Move mechanical stage with stage carrier to lower

stop.
• Remove the dust protection caps (Fig. 3-6/5) from
the appropriate openings in the nosepiece.
• Remove objectives (Fig. 3-6/4) from the case and
screw them into the nosepiece (Fig. 3-6/1) starting
with the smallest magnification factor (set up
clockwise).
• Instead of an objective, the specimen marker
(Fig. 3-6/3) with an adapter W0.8/M27 (Fig. 3-6/2)
can be screwed on in any desired nosepiece
Fig. 3-6 Screwing in objectives
position. If the specimen marker is not to be used
for an extended period, apply the protective cap
to prevent it from drying out.

NOTE

Always replace the dust protection caps on any empty positions on the nosepiece.

NOTE

Adapter W0.8/M27 is required when using W0.8 objectives.

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3.1.5 Inserting and removing P&C reflector modules in/from the reflector turret

The reflector turret with four positions is firmly installed in the reflected light illumination module for
fluorescence or materials stands.
The modules must be inserted and removed from the front after removing the cover cap.

Inserting a module:
• Remove the cover cap (Fig. 3-7/4) from the stand
towards the front.
• Insert the module (Fig. 3-7/2) as illustrated
together with the retaining brackets on the right
and left (Fig. 3-7/3) diagonally from below into the
upper spring clips (Fig. 3-7/1) of the reflector
turret.
• Then apply pressure to the module from below
until it also securely engages with the lower spring
clips of the reflector turret.
The position number of the P&C module is shown
on the right hand side of the reflector turret
adjacent to the position of the respective P&C
module.

Fig. 3-7 Replacing the reflector module • Apply the supplied stickers with the filter
combination data of the respective module to the
corresponding field of the cover cap (Fig. 3-7/5,
positions 1 to 4).

Removing a module:
• Slightly tilt the module in order to detach it from
the lower spring clips, then from the upper spring
clips of the reflector turret.
• Once the reflector modules have been installed /
removed, refit the cover cap. The cover cap
should be fitted onto the stand as straight as
possible to avoid the knurled ring of the reflector
turret becoming jammed and damaged.
• Apply pressure to the cover cap until the retaining
brackets have engaged.

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3.1.6 Mounting a mechanical stage

Axiolab 5 stands are fitted with the respective

mechanical stage at the factory according to
customer requirements.
The friction adjustment of the coaxial knurled knobs
is set at an average value at the factory.
Should the stage need to be replaced or the stage
settings changed, proceed as follows:

3.1.6.1 Dismantling a stage and specimen

holder

• Loosen the two clamping screws (Fig. 3-8/1) of the

specimen holder (Fig. 3-8/2) and take off the
specimen holder.
• Remove the four fastening screws (Fig. 3-8/6) on
the stage carrier (Fig. 3-8/4) using an Allen wrench
(AF 3) (Fig. 3-8/5).
Fig. 3-8 Installing a mechanical stage
• Remove stage (Fig. 3-8/3) upwards from the stage
carrier.

3.1.6.2 Installing the stage

• Place the stage (Fig. 3-8/3) on the stage carrier (Fig. 3-8/4) so that the threaded holes on the bottom of the
stage (Fig. 3-8/8) are positioned above the stage carrier openings (Fig. 3-8/7).
• Insert four fastening screws (Fig. 3-8/6) through the stage carrier from below and screw them into the
bottom of the stage.
• Turn the stage to orient it in an XY direction and tighten the fastening screws.
• Place the specimen holder (Fig. 3-8/2) on the stage and fasten the two clamping screws (Fig. 3-8/1).

3.1.6.3 Setting the drive length on stage drive

The length of the X and Y drives can be extended by shifting the respective coaxial knurled knob (Fig. 3-9/4 or
1) axially within a range of approx. 15 mm.

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3.1.6.4 Friction adjustment of coaxial knurled

knobs for X/Y adjustment of the
mechanical stage

(1) X drive
• Push the coaxial knurled knob for the X
adjustment (Fig. 3-9/4) all the way to the bottom.
• Remove the supplied adjusting pin (Fig. 3-9/5)
from the coaxial knurled knob for the Y
adjustment (Fig. 3-9/1) and insert it into one of
the holes of the lower hole nut(Fig. 3-9/3).
• Hold the coaxial knurled knob for the X
adjustment (Fig. 3-9/4) and turn the hole nut with
the adjusting pin clockwise (small friction
adjustment: –) or counter-clockwise (large friction
adjustment: +) until the desired freedom of
Fig. 3-9 Friction adjustment movement has been achieved (see Fig. 3-9).
• It should not be shifted more than one revolution.

(2) Y drive
• Push the coaxial knurled knob for the Y adjustment (Fig. 3-9/1) all the way to the top.
• Insert the supplied adjusting pin (Fig. 3-9/5) into the hole of the upper hole nut (Fig. 3-9/2).
• Hold the coaxial knurled knob for the Y adjustment (Fig. 3-9/1) and turn the hole nut with the adjusting pin
clockwise (small friction adjustment: –) or counter-clockwise (large friction adjustment: +) until the desired
freedom of movement has been achieved.
• It should not be shifted more than one revolution.
• Re-insert the adjusting pin into the coaxial knurled knob for the Y adjustment (Fig. 3-9/1).

NOTE

Set the friction adjustment on the mechanical stage with the ergonomic, stationary XY drive
analogously. No tool is required for the purpose. The lock-nut (silver) of the respective drive can be
adjusted manually; hold the coaxial knurled knob tight.

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3.1.7 Mounting the Pol rotary stage

3.1.7.1 Removing the Pol rotary stage

• Loosen the screw cap (Fig. 3-10/6) from the spring

housing (about three rotations).
• Press the Pol rotary stage (Fig. 3-10/4) to the front
against the spring-loaded pin (Fig. 3-10/7), lift it
off the stage carrier (Fig. 3-10/5) from the back
and remove it upwards.
• Re-tighten the screw cap (Fig. 3-10/6).

3.1.7.2 Attaching the Pol rotary stage

• Where necessary, loosen the screw cap

(Fig. 3-10/6) of the spring housing with approx.
three rotations.
• Place the Pol rotary stage with the groove of the
dovetail (stage bottom) on the spring-loaded pin
(Fig. 3-10/7).
• Attach the rotary stage with the clamp screw
(Fig. 3-10/8) pointing to the front right.
Fig. 3-10 Replacing the snap-in Pol rotary stage,
• Press the Pol rotary stage to the front against the detachable Pol specimen guide and
spring-loaded pin and lower it towards the back stage clips
into the stage carrier (Fig. 3-10/5), then release it.
• Re-tighten the screw cap (Fig. 3-10/6).

NOTE

The rotary stage must be mounted so that the vernier scale is on the left side and the clamp is on
the right side.

3.1.7.3 Dismantling the detachable specimen guide and mounting stage clips

• Loosen the two clamp screws (Fig. 3-10/1) on the Pol specimen guide with an Allen wrench (AF 2). Remove
the Pol specimen guide (Fig. 3-10/2) by lifting it upwards.
• Insert the stage clips (Fig. 3-10/9) into the holes provided.

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3.1.7.4 Removing the stage clips and mounting the detachable Pol specimen guide

• Remove the stage clips (Fig. 3-10/9) from the Pol rotary stage.
• Insert the Pol specimen guide (Fig. 3-10/2) with the two cylindrical pins on the underside into the holes
provided (Fig. 3-10/3) and tighten the two clamp screws (Fig. 3-10/1) with an Allen wrench (AF 2).

3.1.7.5 Centering the Pol rotary stage

With high-power objectives, centering can be exact

only for one selected objective.
All stages are factory-precentered, i.e. while rotating
the stage the specimen feature set to the center will
remain in the center. If the specimen feature moves
out of the center of the field of view (Fig. 3-11/5)
while the stage is being rotated, the stage should be
re-centered by following this procedure:
• The KÖHLER illumination on the microscope must
be adjusted before centering the stage (see
section 4.2.1).
• Turn the nosepiece to swing the non-centering
objective mount.

Fig. 3-11 Centering the Pol rotary stage • For centering the stage, use a contrasting
specimen and an eyepiece with a crossline reticle.
• Loosen the stage clamping screw (Fig. 3-11/1) and
the screw cap on the stage carrier (Fig. 3-11/3).
• Rotate the stage to determine the position of maximum offset of the specimen feature (Fig. 3-11/5, origin
of arrow) from the center of the eyepiece reticle.
• Reset the two centering screws on the stage carrier (Fig. 3-11/2) using an Allen wrench (AF 1.5) (Fig. 3-11/4)
to move the specimen detail by half an arrow length in the direction of the crossline center. Check whether
the specimen detail moves when the stage is rotated again; repeat the procedure, if required.

NOTE

The Allen wrenches (AF 1.5) are located in the storage compartment at the back of the microscope
stand.

• When centering is finished, re-tighten the screw cap (Fig. 3-11/3).

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3.1.7.6 Centering the objectives of the

polarization stand

The nosepiece 5x Pol is equipped with one fixed and

four centerable objective positions.
Stage centering of the non-centering objective mount
is necessary to ensure that a specimen feature
located in the center of the field of view does not
drift out while rotating the stage. By centering of the
remaining objectives, the specimen feature remains
in the center of the field of view even after changing
the objective.
• The KÖHLER illumination on the microscope must
be adjusted before centering the stage (see
section 4.2.1).
• For centering the stage, use a contrasting
specimen and an eyepiece with crossline reticle. Fig. 3-12 Centering objectives

• First, turn the nosepiece to swing the non-

centering objective mount. Center the rotary
stage for the non-centering objective mount as
described under 3.1.7.5.
• Turn the nosepiece to move a centering objective mount into the beam path.
• Rotate the stage to determine the position of maximum offset of the specimen feature (Fig. 3-12/3, origin
of the arrow) from the center of the eyepiece reticle.
• Reset the two centering screws on the stage carrier (Fig. 3-12/2) using one AF 1.5 Allen wrench (Fig. 3-12/1)
each to move the specimen detail by half the arrow length in the direction of the crossline center. Check
whether the specimen detail moves when the stage is rotated again; repeat the procedure if required.
• Center the other three objectives in the same manner.

NOTE

To maintain this centering accuracy, when replacing an objective, do not hold the objective itself;
hold the knurled ring of the nosepiece to rotate it.

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3.1.8 Mounting the condenser

• Move the stage carrier with the focusing drive to

the higher stop position.

ATTENTION

The objectives should not collide with

other parts.

• Swivel out the front lens (if shiftable) on the

condenser using the lever (Fig. 3-13/7).
• Unscrew both centering screws (Fig. 3-13/5) on
the condenser carrier until their ends are no
longer visible.
Fig. 3-13 Attaching the condenser
• Using the knurled knob for vertical adjustment
(Fig. 3-13/2), push the condenser carrier
(Fig. 3-13/3) down as far as it will go.
If using a low-power system, make sure that this
does not come to rest on the luminous-field
diaphragm.
• Insert the condenser (Fig. 3-13/8 or 9) between the condenser carrier (Fig. 3-13/3) and the stage carrier
(Fig. 3-13/1). In doing so, align the screwed stud bolt on the underside of the condenser with the groove
(Fig. 3-13/6).
• Press the condenser with the dovetail ring against the mainspring (Fig. 3-13/4) of the condenser carrier
until the condenser sits horizontally on the condenser carrier.
• Position the condenser on the carrier so that the screwed stud bolt sits against the groove (Fig. 3-13/6) at
the front.
• Insert the centering screws until they engage with the dovetail ring of the condenser.

NOTE

To mount other types of condensers, proceed in a similar manner.

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3.1.9 Mounting the darkfield condenser

NOTE

The condenser holder Z for darkfield is

required to place darkfield condensers in
the condenser carrier.

• Insert the darkfield condenser (Fig. 3-14/5) in the

condenser holder Z (Fig. 3-14/4) and screw on the
fastening ring (Fig. 3-14/6)
• Push the condenser holder Z (Fig. 3-14/4) against
the spring box (Fig. 3-14/2) into the condenser
carrier (Fig. 3-14/1).
• Tighten both centering screws (Fig. 3-14/3) on the
condenser carrier (Fig. 3-14/1) until they grip the
dovetail ring of the condenser holder Z
(Fig. 3-14/4).
Fig. 3-14 Mounting the darkfield condenser

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3.1.10 Mounting or replacing the 35 W

halogen lamp or the 10 W LED
illuminator for transmitted light

Axiolab 5 stands are equipped with a 10W LED white

light for transmitted illumination. The LED illuminator
can be alternatively changed to a 35W Halogen lamp.
To insert or replace the halogen lamp/LED
illuminator, proceed as follows:

Fig. 3-15 Removing the cover Removing the cover

• Switch off the microscope, remove the power
cord on the microscope and allow it to cool down
at least 15 min.
• Press the clamping jaw (Fig. 3-15/1) on the cover
(Fig. 3-15/2) downwards. Swing the cover down,
remove from the retaining channels on the stand
and set aside.

Changing the halogen lamp

• Remove the lamp plug (Fig. 3-16/3) from the
halogen lamp (Fig. 3-16/2).
• Press the loops (Fig. 3-16/1) on the securing clips
of the lamp holder together and swing them out
to the front.
Fig. 3-16 Changing the halogen lamp
• When changing the lamp, remove the old one
(Fig. 3-16/2).
• Position the new lamp with the lower front edge
between the contact surface and securing clips.
• Lift the securing clips (Fig. 3-16/1) of the lamp holder with the lamp until they are completely enclosed in
the lamp holder. In doing so, slightly press the ends of the securing clips together and guide past the two
upper retaining elements. Release the pressure until the clamping bracket opens and engages on both sides
in the retaining elements.
• Check that the lamp is seated correctly and push the lamp plug (Fig. 3-16/3) onto the pins of the lamp
(Fig. 3-16/2). Ensure that it engages properly to avoid bending the pins.
• Insert the cable of the lamp plug into the stand so that it is not damaged when the cover is attached.

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Changing the LED illuminator

• Press the loops (Fig. 3-17/1) on the securing clips of the lamp holder together and swing them out to the
front.
• Remove the LED illuminator plug (Fig. 3-17/2) from the connector of the stand.
• Pull the old LED illuminator with adapter (Fig. 3-17/3) out of the holding tube (Fig. 3-17/1).

Fig. 3-17 Removing the LED illuminator

• Loosen the three side screws (Fig. 3-18/4a, 4b, 4c) with an Allen wrench (AF 2.5) (Fig. 3-18/3) and remove
the old LED illuminator (Fig. 3-18/2) from the adapter (Fig. 3-18/1).
• Insert the new LED illuminator into the adapter and tighten the three side screws on the adapter.

Fig. 3-18 Changing the LED illuminator in the adapter

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Fig. 3-19 Inserting the LED illuminator

• Insert the new LED illuminator with the adapter (Fig. 3-19/3) into the holding tube up to the stop.
• Position the new LED illuminator with the pinhole (Fig. 3-19/5) at the top, or with the adapter lower front
edge (Fig. 3-19/4) aligned between the contact surface and securing clips.
• Plug the illuminator plug (Fig. 3-19/2) into the connector of the stand.
• Lift the securing clips (Fig. 3-19/1) of the lamp holder until they are completely enclosed in the lamp holder.
In doing so, slightly press the ends of the securing clips together and guide past the two upper retaining
elements. Release the pressure until the clamping bracket opens and engages on both sides in the retaining
elements.

Reinserting the cover

• Insert the lower edge of the cover (Fig. 3-15/2) into the retaining channels of the stand and swing upwards
until the clamping jaw (Fig. 3-15/1) locks in.
• Reconnect the power cord.

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3.1.11 Mounting or replacing the 35 W

halogen lamp or the 10 W LED
illuminator for reflected light

Axiolab 5 stands are equipped with a 10W LED white

light for reflected illumination. The LED illuminator
can be alternatively changed to a 35W Halogen lamp.
To insert or replace the halogen lamp/LED
illuminator, proceed as follows.

Removing the cover

• Switch off the microscope, remove the power
cord on the microscope and allow it to cool down
at least 15 min.
Fig. 3-20 Removing the cover
• Loosen the screw (Fig. 3-20/1) in the cover.
• Swing the cover (Fig. 3-20/2) slightly upwards and
apply pressure from below to remove it from the
stand.

Changing the halogen lamp

• Remove the lamp plug (Fig. 3-21/3) from the
halogen lamp (Fig. 3-21/2).
• Press the loops on the securing clips (Fig. 3-21/1)
of the lamp holder together and swing them out
to the front.
Fig. 3-21 Changing the halogen lamp
• When changing the lamp, remove the old one
(Fig. 3-21/2).
• Position the new halogen lamp on the contact surface of the lamp holder (the lamp will be held securely by
the groove).
• Press the securing clips (Fig. 3-21/1) on both sides of the lamp holder and swing them upwards until the
securing clips are seated against the halogen lamp. Slowly release the securing clips so that they open and
engage in the retaining elements to the right and left.
• Check that the halogen lamp is correctly seated and push the lamp plug (Fig. 3-21/3) onto the pins of the
lamp. Ensure that it engages properly to avoid bending the pins.
• Insert the cable of the lamp plug into the stand so that it is not damaged when the cover is attached.

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Changing the LED illuminator

• Press the loops (Fig. 3-22/1) on the securing clips
of the lamp holder together and swing them out
to the front.

Fig. 3-22 Swinging the loops out

• Remove the LED illuminator plug (Fig. 3-23/5)

from the connector of the stand (Fig. 3-23/6).
• Pull the old LED illuminator with adapter
(Fig. 3-23/4) out of the holding tube (Fig. 3-23/1).

Fig. 3-23 Changing the LED illuminator

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• Loosen the three side screws (Fig. 3-24/4a, 4b, 4c) with an Allen wrench (AF 2.5) (Fig. 3-24/3) and remove
the old LED illuminator (Fig. 3-24/2) from the adapter (Fig. 3-24/1).
• Insert the new LED illuminator into the adapter and tighten the three side screws on the adapter.
• Insert the new LED illuminator with adapter (Fig. 3-23/4) into the holding tube (Fig. 3-23/1) up to the stop.
• Position the new LED illuminator with the pinhole (Fig. 3-23/3) at the left, or with the adapter front edge
(Fig. 3-23/2) aligned to the right.
• Plug the lamp plug (Fig. 3-23/5) into the connector of the stand (Fig. 3-23/6).
• Lift the securing clips (Fig. 3-22/1) of the lamp holder until they are completely enclosed in the lamp holder.
In doing so, slightly press the ends of the securing clips together and guide past the two upper retaining
elements. Release the pressure until the clamping bracket opens and engages on both sides in the retaining
elements.

Fig. 3-24 Changing the LED illuminator in the adapter

Reinserting the cover

• Insert the cover (Fig. 3-20/2) at a slant from below into the upper holding elements of the stand, swivel
down and press into place.
• Tighten screw (Fig. 3-20/1).
• Reconnect the power cord.

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3.1.12 Installing or replacing the LED modules

for reflected light fluorescence

Axiolab 5 fluorescence stands can accommodate up

to three fluorescence LED modules.

To insert or replace the LED modules, proceed as

follows.
• Switch off the microscope, remove the power
cord on the microscope and allow it to cool down
at least 15 min.
• Remove the cover; see also section 3.1.11.
• Unscrew the module holder (Fig. 3-25/1) from the
stand socket.
• When changing the modules, remove the module
Fig. 3-25 Removing the module holder plugs from the connectors (Fig. 3-26/1.2) of the
stand.

Fig. 3-26 Changing the LED modules

• Pull the old LED modules (Fig. 3-26/1.3) out of the holding positions of the LED tube (Fig. 3-26/1.1).

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• Insert the new LED modules into the LED tube up to the stop. Ensure that the modules are inserted in the
right holding positions (Fig. 3-26/).

NOTE

The LED positions ,  and  in Fig. 3-26 correspond to the UV, B and G labels on the right side
of the microscope (see section 2.4.3, Fig. 2-3/4).

• Plug the module plugs into the connectors (Fig. 3-26/1.2) of the stand. Ensure that the plugs are connected
to the right connectors (Fig. 3-26/).
• Screw the module holder (Fig. 3-26/1) into the LED tube to fix the modules in place.

NOTE

Due to the limited space in the LED module socket, the LED module in position  needs to be
moved out first when replacing the LED module in position .

• Attach the cover; see also section 3.1.11.

• Reconnect the power cord.

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3.1.13 Mounting the Axiocam 202 mono or Axiocam 208 color

• Mount the C-mount camera adapter (Fig. 3-27/2) on the Axiocam (Fig. 3-27/1).
• Attach the Axiocam with the adapter to the camera port (Fig. 3-27/4) of the tube.
• Orient the camera to the stand and fix it in position by tightening the ring nut (Fig. 3-27/3).
• Connect the camera to the stand (Fig. 3-27/7) via the USB (Commercial Micro-D) cable (Fig. 3-27/5).
• Connect the camera to an external monitor via an HDMI cable (Fig. 3-27/6).
• Alternatively, connect the camera to a WLAN router or PC.

NOTE

Please refer to the microscope operating system modes in section 2.5.10.

Fig. 3-27 Mounting the Axiocam 202 mono or Axiocam 208 color

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3.2 Mounting optional components

CAUTION
The microscope must be switched off and unplugged before starting work.
Upon completion of the work, the function of the respective modules must be restored (see
sections 3.1 to 3.4).

3.2.1 Mounting the light intensive co-observer unit

The light-intensive co-observer unit is mounted on the Axiolab 5 with a main observer and one or two co-
observers in accordance with the separate instructions for use for multi-conference facilities (order no.
425145-7144-001).

3.2.2 Mounting polarizer D or filter holder

• Lift the condenser carrier together with its knurled

knob upwards as far as it will go.
• If necessary, unscrew the locking and holding pins
together with the low-power system from the
condenser carrier.
• Hold the polarizer or filter holder (Fig. 3-28/4)
parallel to the underside of the condenser carrier
(Fig. 3-28/1) and screw the holding pin
(Fig. 3-28/2) of the polarizer (Fig. 3-28/4) with the
angled adjusting lever (Fig. 3-28/3) into the front
left threaded hole below the condenser carrier as
far as it will go.
• Screw the locking pin (Fig. 3-28/6) with the
adjusting lever (Fig. 3-28/5) as far as it will go into
the rear threaded hole of the condenser carrier.

The other components shown in the system overview Fig. 3-28 Mounting the polarizer D
at this point must be mounted in a similar manner.

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3.2.3 Mounting and centering the low-power

system for the objectives 2.5x/4x

• If necessary, remove the polarizer or filter holder

from the condenser carrier.
• Hold the low-power system (Fig. 3-29/4) parallel
567H

to the bottom of the condenser carrier

(Fig. 3-29/3) and screw the bracket bolt
568H

(Fig. 3-29/6) of the low-power system with the

569H

angled adjustment lever (Fig. 3-29/7) into the

570H

front threaded opening to the left below the

condenser carrier (Fig. 3-29/3) until it stops.
571H

• With the adjustment lever (Fig. 3-29/1), screw the

572H

stop bolt (Fig. 3-29/2) into the back threaded

573H

opening of the condenser barrier (Fig. 3-29/3) to574H

the stop.
Fig. 3-29 Mounting the low-power system • Swing the low-power system into the beam path.
Make sure that the fixture is securely engaged.
• Open the aperture diaphragm and field diaphragm
completely.
• Adjust both adjustment screws (Fig. 3-29/5) using two Allen wrenches (AF 1.5) until the field of vision is
57H

optimally illuminated.

NOTE

The low-power system can be used only in combination with the condenser 0.9/1.25.

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3.2.4 Inserting the modulator disk in the

condenser 0.9 BF Pol

• Remove the condenser (Fig. 3-30/1) from the

condenser carrier (see section 3.1.8).
If the condenser cannot be lowered sufficiently,
e.g. with the low-power system mounted, then it
may be necessary to remove it with the stage
carrier, then lower it to the stop and remove the
condenser.
• Loosen the clamping screw (Fig. 3-30/5) of the
582H

condenser’s dial segment (Fig. 3-30/3) with the

583H

Allen wrench (AF 3) and pull out the dial segment.

• Slide the modulator disk (Fig. 3-30/4) with its two-
584H

pronged forked opening pointing forward into the

condenser opening (Fig. 3-30/2). Make sure that
584H

the disk engages in the guide on both inner sides

of the condenser. The guide serves as a stop for
the modulator disk. The pin of the disk’s clamping
screw must slide into the orientation groove of
the condenser.
Fig. 3-30 Modulator disk in condenser 0.9 H Pol
• Tighten the disk’s clamping screw with the Allen
wrench (AF 3).
• Replace the condenser in its carrier (see section
3.1.8).

3.3 Connecting to the power supply

The power supply of the Axiolab 5 is located at the

back of the instrument in all stand models.
• Connect the microscope (Fig. 3-31/1) to the power
supply via a power cord and mains socket.
• The Axiolab 5 can be connected to a line voltage
ranging from 100 to 240 VAC, with frequencies of
50/60 Hz. The power unit is set automatically to
the line voltage available.

Fig. 3-31 Power supply connector on the back of

the stand

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3.4 Switching the microscope on/off

• Switch the microscope on/off using (Fig. 3-32/1)

the on/off switch.
• If available, select the transmitted or reflected
light illuminator by pushing the TL (Fig. 3-33/4) or
RL (Fig. 3-33/3) button.
The respective indicator light is continuously
illuminated in green.
• Adjust image brightness using the Intensity/LM
knob (Fig. 3-33/2).
Fig. 3-32 Mains switch on left side of microscope
To do this, take hold of the recessed grips of the
knob with your fingertips and turn it to the
desired position.
Pressing the Intensity/LM knob initiates further
functionality, see sections 2.4.8 and 3.5.
• Select Permanent or ECO mode (Fig. 3-33/5) for
using the microscope illumination.
If Permanent mode is active: The illumination is
continuously switched on.
If ECO mode is active: The illumination switches off
after 15 minutes without action.

Only Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL:

• Select the desired LED for fluorescence application
using the LED selection knob (Fig. 3-33/1).

Fig. 3-33 Intensity/LM knob and illumination

modes

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3.5 Using the Light Manager function

The Light Manager (LM) function saves the ratios of the set light intensities between different combinations of
objective and reflector turret positions for a given light source. When changing the light intensity of one
objective/reflector combination, the light intensities of other combinations will also change according to the
set ratios. This ensures that users don't need to repeatedly set up light intensities for each objective/reflector
combination when switching between samples which require different illumination intensity.
After switching on the microscope, the previous setting of the Light Manager will be restored.

Disable/enable the LM function

To disable the LM function, proceed as follows:
• Press one of the Snap buttons and the Intensity/LM knob simultaneously for at least 1.5 seconds.
The indicator light blinks in the following sequence: GREEN / ORANGE / GREEN

To enable the LM function, proceed as follows:

• Press one of the Snap buttons and the Intensity/LM knob simultaneously for at least 1.5 seconds.
The indicator light blinks in the following sequence: GREEN / GREEN / GREEN

Save light intensity ratios using the LM function

1. Switch to the first objective and/or reflector positions of interest.
2. Set the desired light intensity.
3. Press the Intensity/LM knob for at least 1.5 seconds.
4. The light intensity for this objective/reflector combination is then saved. When using LED as light source,
after the light intensity is saved, LED is switched off for 300 ms. This is visible through eyepieces and
serves as an indicator for the user.
5. Proceed by switching to the second objective/reflector combination, and press the Intensity/LM knob for
at least 1.5 seconds. Now a ratio between the first and the second objective/reflector combinations is
established.
6. Repeat step 5 to set light intensity ratios for more objective/reflector combinations.

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3.6 Default factory settings of the microscope

The default factory settings are:

− Light Manager enabled, but no light intensity values saved
− Light intensity set to initial minimum value
− all configuration stored will be cleared

To reset the microscope to default factory settings, proceed as follows:

• Press and hold down the Intensity/LM knob for 20 seconds.
While the knob is held down from 3 s to 20 s, the indicator light blinks RED.
It blinks GREEN after 20 s are reached. When the indicator stops blinking and remains GREEN, the reset to the
default factory setting is successful.

ATTENTION
Please use this function with caution as it will reset all existing configurations.

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4 OPERATION
4.1 Default setting of the microscope

4.1.1 Setting the inter-pupillary distance on the binocular tube

• Adjust the individual inter-pupillary distance by

symmetrically swiveling the two eyepiece tubes
towards each other (Fig. 4-1).
The correct inter-pupillary distance has been set
when the observer sees only one round image when
looking into the eyepieces.

Fig. 4-1 Setting the inter-pupillary distance on

the binocular tube

4.1.2 Setting the viewing height

• Adjust the viewing height to your individual

requirements by swiveling the eyepiece tubes up
(Fig. 4-2/A) or down (Fig. 4-2/B).

This individual height adjustment in two stages

(upper and lower position) is basically possible with
all tubes of the Axiolab 5 program. The viewing
height thus achieved depends on the selected inter-
pupillary distance and the tube viewing angle, which
may be stationary or variable, depending on the
model. With an inter-pupillary distance of 65 mm and
a tube viewing angle of 30°, the height adjustment
range is approximately 40 mm. Fig. 4-2 Setting the viewing height on the
binocular tube
Binocular ergo (photo) tubes (425511-0000-000,
425512-0000-000, 425514-0000-000, 425520-9050-
000) are provided with continuous vertical
adjustment with a range of 44 mm to 50 mm.
The binocular part of the ergo photo tube 425520-9050-000 is also continuously horizontally retractable up to
50 mm.
The eyepoint angle of the binocular ergo (photo) tubes (425522-9020-000 and 425522-9030-000) is
continuously adjustable within a range from 8° to 38°.
The comfortable binocular ergo tube (425522-9040-000) is continuously height-adjustable by up to 50 mm and
angle-adjustable from 8° to 33°. This is the ergo tube which received the highest rating and recommendation
from TÜV in terms of microscope workstation ergonomics.

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4.1.3 Adjusting for ametropia (user's visual impairment) when using eyepiece reticles

The prerequisite for correct use of an eyepiece reticle is two adjustable eyepieces to compensate for different
degrees of ametropia of the user.

• Focus on the line figure of the eyepiece reticle with the focusable eye lens of the adjustable eyepiece.
• Focus on the microscopic image of a loaded specimen with the focusing drive while observing with the
eyepiece containing the eyepiece reticle.
• When both the microscopic image and the eyepiece reticle are in focus, the image for the second eye is
brought into focus with the focusable eye lens of the second eyepiece.

Both microscopic images including the eyepiece reticle are thus in focus. From this point, use only the focusing
drive for any subsequent focusing activity.

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4.2 Illumination and contrast methods in transmitted light

4.2.1 Configuring transmitted light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method

(1) General principle of operation

Transmitted light brightfield microscopy is the most commonly used method of optical microscopy. High-
contrast or tinted (stained) samples (e.g. a blood smear) can be examined easily and quickly.
For an imaging result which is as true to the specimen as possible, we must consider the so-called direct
bundled beams as well as the indirect ones, i.e. the beams which diffract and scatter on the sample details.
According to ABBE, the image is truer to the specimen when the fraction of the cone of light is as large as
possible.
The best performance of the microscope, and especially its objective, is achieved when the condenser, field
diaphragm and aperture diaphragm are adjusted using the KÖHLER illumination method. These basic rules for
adjusting a microscope are explained in detail in section 4.2.1 (3) "Configuring transmitted light brightfield
microscopy using the KÖHLER method".

(2) Instrumentation for transmitted light brightfield microscopy

The equipment of every Axiolab 5 microscope, except the stand for reflected light, permits the use of
transmitted light brightfield microscopy.
All available condensers, except special condensers such as darkfield condensers, can be used for transmitted
light brightfield microscopy.

(3) Configuring transmitted light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method
− The Axiolab 5 has been started up correctly (see section 3).
− The Axiolab 5 is switched on.
• Adjust the image brightness using the Intensity/LM knob (Fig. 4-3/1) on the microscope stand.
• Insert a high-contrast specimen into the specimen holder of the mechanical stage.
• If condensers with a swiveling front lens are used, swivel these into the beam path with  10x objectives
and set the condenser with the knurled knob for vertical adjustment (Fig. 4-3/3 or Fig. 4-4/2) to the upper
stop. The stop must be adjusted so that the specimen is not lifted by the condenser (to set the condenser
stop, see section 4.2.1 (4)).
• When using condensers with a turret/modulator disk and knurled ring (Fig. 4-4/3), set position B (or H =
brightfield).
• Swivel in the 10x objective on the nosepiece (Fig. 4-3/6) and use the focus drive to focus on the specimen
(Fig. 4-3/2).

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• Close the luminous-field diaphragm (Fig. 4-3/5)

until it is visible (even if not in focus) in the field of
view (Fig. 4-3/A).
• Turn the vertical control of the condenser drive to
lower the condenser until the edge of the
luminous-field diaphragm appears in focus
(Fig. 4-3/B).
• Center the luminous-field diaphragm using the
two centering screws (Fig. 4-3/4) on the
condenser carrier (Fig. 4-3/C) and then open the
luminous-field diaphragm until the edge of the
diaphragm just disappears from the field of vision
(Fig. 4-3/D).
• To adjust the aperture diaphragm (contrast),
remove an eyepiece from the eyepiece tube and
look into the tube with the naked eye. Set the
aperture diaphragm with the adjusting lever
(Fig. 4-4/4) to between 2/3 - 4/5 of the diameter
of the exit pupil of the objective (Fig. 4-3/E). In
most applications, this aperture diaphragm setting
provides optimal contrast at almost ideal
resolution, and is therefore the best compromise
Fig. 4-3 Microscope settings in transmitted light for the human eye.
brightfield microscopy
• Reinsert the eyepiece into the eyepiece tube.

NOTE

Every change of objective will result in a change in specimen field size and objective aperture,
together with a possible slight change in centering, so that for optimal results the luminous-field
and aperture diaphragm adjustments must be repeated.
With objectives < 10x, the front lens of the condenser (if swivelable) must be swiveled out of the
beam path and the aperture diaphragm completely opened. For better contrast with such large
object fields, the luminous-field aperture should be closed to a certain extent. Overclosing should
be avoided so as not to impair the uniformity of the illumination of the field of view.

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(4) Setting the height stop on the condenser

carrier
• Loosen the fastening screw (Fig. 4-4/1) of the
height stop using an Allen wrench (AF 3).
• Use the focusing drive to focus on the specimen.
• Close the luminous-field diaphragm and focus it by
turning the vertical control (Fig. 4-4/2) of the
condenser.
• Carefully raise the condenser slightly without
lifting the specimen. Fig. 4-4 Setting the height stop on the condenser
carrier
• Tighten the fastening screw (Fig. 4-4/1) of the
height stop.

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4.2.2 Configuring transmitted light darkfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method

(1) General principle

Due to their transparency, unstained biological specimens, such as bacteria or living cell cultures, are often
barely or not at all visible in transmitted light brightfield microscopy. This is radically changed when such
specimens are observed in transmitted light darkfield microscopy. In principle, the specimen is exposed to light
from an illumination aperture which is larger than that of the objective used.

In darkfield microscopy, only the diffracted and scattered light components which are important for imaging
reach the objective, while the direct unchanged light bundles are routed past the objective. This is one of the
reasons why even fine structures that are sometimes below the resolving power of the light microscope can be
resolved and appear very bright on a dark background.

(2) Instrumentation
All Axiolab 5 microscopes, except stands for reflected light, are suitable for darkfield applications.
Condenser with darkfield stop in position D e.g.:
− Condenser 0.9/1.25 H with modulator disk BF, DF, Ph 1, Ph 2, Ph 3
− Condenser, achrom.-aplan. 0.9 H D Ph DIC
− Darkfield condenser with dry darkfield (465505-0000-000 applicable aperture from 0.6 – 0.75)
− Ultra condenser (465500-0000-000 applicable aperture from 0.75 – 1)

(3) Configuring transmitted light darkfield

microscopy
• Adjust the brightness using the KÖHLER method as
for transmitted light brightfield microscopy.
Instead of the 10x objective, however, swivel in
the objective with the highest aperture which
does not exceed the limit aperture for the
darkfield with the condenser used.

• Position the turret/modulator disk of the

condenser at D and swivel in the condenser front
lens (if existing).

• Remove the eyepiece from the tube (or replace it

with an auxiliary microscope) and check the
centering of the darkfield diaphragm in the exit
pupil of the objective. If the central darkfield stop
D in the universal condenser is partly outside of or
Fig. 4-5 Centering the darkfield stop on de-centered to the exit pupil of the objective, and
condenser, achromatic-aplanatic 0.9 H D if the exit pupil is not homogeneously dark, the
Ph DIC darkfield stop must be re-centered.

• To center the darkfield stop (not possible with all condensers), use two Allen wrenches (AF 1.5) (Fig. 4-5/1)
to turn the two centering screws (Fig. 4-5/2 and 3) until the exit pupil of the objective appears
homogeneously dark. After centering, remove both Allen wrenches (AF 1.5) from the condenser.

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NOTE

Since the apertures of objectives with an integrated aperture iris stop are too high for transmitted
light darkfield microscopy, the aperture iris stop must at least be closed to the limit aperture of
0.65.

The performance criterion for the darkfield method is always the darkest possible background of the field of
view.
• Reinsert the eyepiece into the tube.
• If the height of the darkfield condenser is set correctly and sensitively, it is possible to reduce any
brightening in the field of view left, and the luminous-field diaphragm image appears almost perfectly in
focus.
• Finally, match the size of the luminous-field diaphragm to the size of the field of view.
Darkfield microscopy requires specimens to be considerably cleaner than in other techniques. In particular,
fingerprints, dirt or dust particles have a negative effect, as they brighten the background of the field of view
and decrease the contrast of the object image.

(4) Setting darkfield contrast with a dry darkfield condenser

• If necessary, swivel out the low-power system, polarizer or λ plate.
• Move the condenser carrier down until the end stop.
• Place the dry darkfield condenser in the condenser holder Z (see section 3.1.9).
• Place the condenser holder Z in the condenser carrier and center it roughly, so the condenser fits into the
opening of the mechanical stage without contact when moving upwards.
• Move the condenser up to the end stop. Position the specimen and adjust the illumination intensity so that
it is bright enough.
• Swivel in a low-magnification objective (e.g. 5x or 10x) and focus on the specimen, using the focusing drive.
• Position a specimen so that its details are distributed evenly in the field of view. This will make the image of
the field diaphragm easier to identify.
• Close the field diaphragm down to the end stop.
• Lower the condenser until the edge of the field diaphragm appears sharp (luminous-field diaphragm focus
level). There will be an increasing or decreasing light ring visible when the focus is moved upwards or
downwards from the field diaphragm focus level (so-called circular "breathing" of the field diaphragm
depiction).
• Center the field diaphragm image with both centering screws on the condenser carrier.
• Swivel in the desired objective.
• Focus the specimen with the focusing drive, if necessary.
• Focus the field diaphragm using the condenser drive. Open the field diaphragm enough to make the edge
of the diaphragm disappear from the field of view.
• Optimize the contrast with the aperture diaphragm of the condenser, if necessary.

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(5) Setting darkfield contrast with the immersion oil darkfield condenser
• If necessary, swivel out the low-power system, polarizer or λ plate.
• Move the condenser carrier down until the end stop.
• Place the immersion oil darkfield condenser in the condenser holder Z (see section 3.1.9).
• Place the condenser holder Z in the condenser carrier and center it roughly, so the condenser fits into the
opening of the mechanical stage without contact when moving upwards.
• Move the condenser up to the end stop.
• Place a drop of immersion oil (without bubbles, if possible) on the center of the condenser.
• Position a specimen. The immersion oil will disperse between the condenser and specimen holder.
• Move the mechanical stage back and forth slightly to dissipate any air bubbles in the immersion oil.
• Adjust the illumination intensity so that it is bright enough and open the field diaphragm completely.
• Swivel in a low-magnification objective (e.g. 10x) and focus the specimen, using the focusing drive.
• Center the field diaphragm on the condenser carrier with the adjustment screws and focus the image with
the condenser drive.
• Place a drop of immersion oil on the specimen holder, swivel in the immersion oil objective and focus the
specimen.
• Close the field diaphragm down to the end stop.
• Lower the condenser until the edge of the field diaphragm appears sharp.
• Center the field diaphragm image with both centering screws on the condenser carrier.
The luminous field diaphragm appears only as a circle segment on the edge of the viewing field due to the high
magnification of the immersion oil objective. As a result, the focusing and centering of the field diaphragm
must be repeated. If necessary, the luminous-field objective should be opened slightly if the light intensity is
too low.
The field diaphragm is centered properly when the edge of the luminous field diaphragm is centered or
equidistant from the edges of the viewing field.
• For a sharply focused specimen, open the sharply set field diaphragm enough to make the edge of the
diaphragm disappear from the field of view.
• You can improve the contrast of the microscope image by slightly adjusting the focus level of the condenser
with the condenser drive.
• The background of the eyepiece image should appear evenly dark.
• For immersion oil objectives with an iris diaphragm, the contrast can be further optimized by turning the
adjustment wheel of the iris diaphragm.

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4.2.3 Configuring transmitted light phase contrast microscopy

(1) General principle

The phase contrast technique is ideal for examining thin, unstained specimens such as cultured cells.
Generally, the human eye is unable to perceive phase differences (index and thickness differences) between
the different cell components.
The phase contrast technique uses "phase stop and phase ring" optical modulators and interference
procedures in forming the intermediate image in order to transform small phase differences into differences in
intensity and color which are visible to the human eye.
High-intensity, direct light components are attenuated with the optically defined ring channel "phase stop and
phase ring" and given a constant phase shift. However, the indirect light components diffracted at different
cell components bypass this optical channel and are influenced in phase by the refractive index and the
thickness differences in the specimen.
Interference in the intermediate image level occurs due to the differently influenced partial beams, and these
strengthen or weaken according to phase position. This interference results mainly in image contents
displaying differences in intensity which can be perceived by the human eye.

(2) Instrumentation
All Axiolab 5 microscopes, except stands for reflected light, are suitable for phase contrast applications.
− Phase contrast objectives with phase rings Ph 1, Ph 2 or Ph 3 for different average numerical apertures
which can also be used in the brightfield.
− Condenser with turret/modulator disk containing centering phase stops Ph 1, Ph 2 and Ph 3 for different
average numerical apertures.
− The phase stop used on the condenser must correspond to the label on the objective used,
e.g. Ph 1.

(3) Configuring transmitted light phase contrast microscopy

• Swivel the phase contrast objective, e.g. labeled Ph 1, into the beam path.
• Switch on the annular phase diaphragm on the condenser’s revolver disk which has the same label as the
phase contrast objective, e.g. 1.
• In order to check the centering and the overlap of the lighter annular diaphragm (in the condenser) with
the darker phase ring (in the objective), remove an eyepiece from the tube and replace it with an auxiliary
microscope. Use the adjusting fixture on the auxiliary microscope to focus the annular diaphragm and the
phase ring in the objective exit pupil.

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• If the overlap is not exact (Fig. 4-6/A), the lighter

632H

annular diaphragm must be recentered with the

aid of two Allen wrenches (AF 1.5) (Fig. 4-5/1).
63H

Adjust the two centering screws (Fig. 4-5/2 and 3)

634H

so that you achieve a full overlap with the darker

phase ring (Fig. 4-6/B).
635H

• Remove the auxiliary microscope from the tube

and replace it with the eyepiece.
In order to increase the image contrast, an
Fig. 4-6 Centering the annular phase diaphragm interference broadband filter, green 32 x 4, may be
(light-colored, in the condenser) and the mounted on the field diaphragm or inserted into the
phase ring (dark-colored, in the object) color glass carrier (if available).
A complete phase contrast can only be achieved
when the light-colored annular diaphragm (in the
condenser) overlaps exactly with the dark-colored
phase ring (in the objective) in the illumination beam
path (Fig. 4-6/B).
63H

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4.2.4 Configuring transmitted light polarization microscopy

4.2.4.1 Detecting birefringence

(1) Application
The transmitted light polarization method is used for samples which change the polarization of the light. Such
samples are called birefringent. Examples include crystals, minerals or polymers. If such birefringent
substances are observed between crossed polarizers, the birefringent portion of the sample appears bright
while its surroundings remain dark.
A birefringent substance can be recognized by rotating the sample by 360° between crossed polarizers. The
sample should show four bright and four dark appearances during the rotation procedure. During the rotation
procedure, interference colors appear that range from gray (mostly for biological samples) through white,
yellow and red to blue, depending on the birefringence, thickness and orientation of the sample. The
interference colors may be of the first or a higher order.

(2) Instrumentation
Polarization methods can be used in the transmitted light on Axiolab 5 microscopes for transmitted light
polarization and conoscopy.
− Strain-free objectives
− Pol rotary stage
− Polarizer D (rotatable or fixed)
− Analyzer slider D, fixed, or lambda compensator or lambda/4 compensator
− Depolarizer (for screwing into Axiolab 5 tubes) to avoid undesirable polarization effects

NOTE

The depolarizer is already incorporated in the Axiolab 5 stand for conoscopy.

A depolarizer (quartz depolarizer) should be incorporated in all microscopes used to examine

mineralogical/geological specimens.
A depolarizer extinguishes undesirable polarization effects (e.g. false or pseudo-pleochroism) that may occur
behind the analyzer (e.g. on prism surfaces in the tube), or shifts them to higher orders.

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(3) Configuring the microscope

• Configure the microscope as for transmitted light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method (see
section 4.2.1 (3)).
• Center the Pol rotary stage (Fig. 4-7/1) (see section 3.1.7.5) and objectives (see section 3.1.7.6).
• Swing the polarizer (Fig. 4-7/3) into the beam path and position it to 0° if you are using a rotatable
polarizer.
• Insert the analyzer slider (Fig. 4-7/2) into the slot for compensators (if the tube does not already have an
analyzer). The field of view will appear dark due to the crossed polarizers. With screw-on analyzers in the
intermediate plate for tubes, care must be taken to ensure that they are aligned with polarizer D (i.e.
crossed position).
• Bring the specimen to be examined into the field of view and turn it with the rotary stage. Normally,
birefringent (anisotropic) objects will now show the interference color and intensity variations as described
above during rotation between crossed polarizers. Optically anisotropic substances may remain dark when
an isotropic direction, e.g. from optically single-axle or double-axle crystals, is oriented parallel to the
observation direction.

Fig. 4-7 Components for transmitted light polarization

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4.2.4.2 Determination of the polarization direction n’

(1) Application
The determination of the polarization direction of n or n' respectively (polarization direction with the
absolute or relative largest index of refraction) and n or n' respectively (polarization direction with the
absolute or relative smallest index of refraction) relative to the morphological directions, e.g. of crystal
surfaces, crystal needles or fibers, provide an important signature of the material. This method is also used in
the diagnosis of bio-crystals (e.g. gout and pseudo-gout).

Fig. 4-8 Determining the polarization direction n' using a synthetic fiber as an example

(2) Instrumentation
− Eyepiece with crossline reticle
− Strain-free objectives
− Pol rotary stage (Fig. 4-7/1)
− Polarizer D (rotatable or fixed)
− Screw-in fixed analyzer slider D or lambda compensator or lambda/4 compensator combined with
analyzer (in Axiolab 5 tubes)
− Pol adjustment tool sample for polarization microscope (453679-0000-000)

(3) Configuring the microscope

• Adjust the microscope as described in section 4.2.1 (3) for transmitted light brightfield microscopy. Make
sure the inter-pupillary distance is adjusted correctly on the binocular tube (see section 4.1.1).
• Center the Pol rotary stage (Fig. 4-7/1) and objectives (see sections 3.1.7.5 and 3.1.7.6).
• Swivel the polarizer (Fig. 4-7/3) into the beam path and, if it is rotatable, position it at 0°.
• Insert the analyzer slider (Fig. 4-7/2) into the slot for compensators or in the intermediate plate (if tube
does not already have an analyzer). The field of view will appear dark due to the crossed polarizers. If not,
align the analyzer in the tube or the intermediate plate.
• Place the Pol adjustment tool sample on the microscope stage and rotate it until the sample appears dark.

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• Remove the analyzer from the beam path and align the reticle along the split cracks of the sample.
• Subsequently reinsert the analyzer and remove the Pol adjustment tool sample. The pass directions of the
polarizer and analyzer will now be parallel to the reticle (Polarizer EW, Analyzer NS).

NOTE

It is not necessary to adjust the reticle when working with the intermediate plate and the
binocular photo tube Pol (425520-9100-000).

• Rotate the Pol rotary stage with the sample, e.g. a synthetic fiber, until the sample appears as dark as
possible. In this position, the fiber extends parallel to one of the two directions of the crossline reticle.

NOTE

Do not change the inter-pupillary distance on the binocular tube, as the angle of the crossline
reticle to the fiber will be changed.

• Now rotate the stage by 45° so that the longitudinal axis of the fiber is oriented NE-SW (Fig. 4-9). The
sample will display the greatest brightness here (diagonal position). In this position the sample may have
any color.
• Insert the lambda compensator (possible only if used with screw-in analyzer in tube or intermediate plate).
Like the sample, the lambda compensator is a birefringent object, albeit with a defined path difference of
550 nm and the principal polarization direction n definitely oriented in a NE-SW direction.
When the lambda compensator is moved into the beam path, the sample changes its color. The type of color
change depends on the orientation of the sample (NE-SW or NW-SE).
The changes in color are attributable to optical interference. The interference colors (path differences) in both
diagonal positions (NE-SW and NW-SE) of the sample must be compared in this connection.
The path difference results from the superposition (interference) of the polarization direction of the sample
over the polarization direction of the lambda compensator.
The largest path difference occurs when the polarization direction of the sample with the absolutely or
relatively highest refractive index (n or n’) is parallel to the principal polarization direction of the lambda
compensator . The sample will then appear greenish-blue, for example (Fig. 4-8/2).
The smallest path difference occurs when the polarization direction of the sample with the absolutely or
relatively lowest refractive index (n or n’) is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the lambda
compensator . The sample will then appear yellow, for example (Fig. 4-8/3).

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(4) Conclusions
The gray-white color appearing first in the bright
position in the above example (Fig. 4-8/1)
corresponds to a path difference of 150 nm according
to the Michel-Lévy color chart (Fig. 4-9).

When the lambda compensator is brought into the

beam path, the non-birefringent "surroundings" of
the synthetic fiber appear dark red, which
corresponds to the path difference of the
compensator of 550 nm (1st order interference color
for the path difference of 550 nm corresponds to
1 ).

If the polarization direction (n or n') of the

birefringent sample to be examined is parallel to the
principal polarization direction (n) of the lambda
compensator, i.e. in the NE-SW direction, the path
difference of the sample (e.g. gray-white: 150 nm)
and the path difference of the lambda compensator Fig. 4-9 Schematic diagram of the color charts
(red: 550 nm) add up. This results in a color change of developed by Michel-Lévy
the sample from grayish white to greenish-blue
(resulting path difference = 700 nm).

If the polarization direction of the birefringent sample to be examined is perpendicular to the principal
polarization direction of the lambda compensator, i.e. in the NW-SE direction, the path difference of the
sample (e.g. gray-white: 150 nm) is subtracted from the path difference of the compensator (red: 550 nm). In
this case, the interference color of the sample visibly changes from gray-white to orange (resulting path
difference = 400 nm).

NOTE

The Michel-Lévy color tables are available in the literature catalog no. 42-312.

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4.2.4.3 Measuring path differences

The measurement compensators are required for the exact measurement of path differences. These return,
i.e. compensate, the path difference created by the specimen to zero (black of the first order).
Whereas in the above-described methods the addition or subtraction position was of interest, only the
subtraction position is of interest in the measurement.
Path differences in the specimen can assume very small values (1/50  or 10 nm) and very large values (greater
than 10  or approx. 5500 nm and higher) and thus determine the compensator appropriate for the
measurement.
The suitable compensator is determined as follows:
• Configure the microscope as for transmitted light brightfield microscopy (see section 4.2.1), taking care to
ensure the correct inter-pupillary distance in the binocular tube (see section 4.1.1).
• Accurately position the specimen to be examined on the center of the reticle.
• Limit the aperture to a value of about 0.2.
• Turn the Pol rotary stage until the specimen is almost extinguished, i.e. completely dark, and set the 45°
locking position.
• Rotate the stage once (by 45°) so that the specimen is in a diagonal position (sample becomes bright).

The interference intensity or color leads to the following conclusion:

− If more or less strong interference colors appear on the specimen, the path difference ranges
approximately between 1/2  and 5 .
The suitable compensator is:
B 0-5 .tilting compensator
− If the specimen-side color changes from light gray/white to a strong interference color, when a lambda
compensator (473704-0000-000) is inserted in the compensator slot, the path difference is (1/4 - 1/2) .

NOTE

A prerequisite for the occurrence of the color change effect may be the evaluation in two
specimen positions rotated at an angle of 90° from one another, plus a centered stage.

The suitable compensator is:

B 0-5  tilting compensator or the DE SENARMONT compensation method up to 1  using the 546/4 nm
Senarmont compensator.

NOTE

The DE SENARMONT compensation method requires the use of the rotatable analyzer.

− After insertion of the lambda compensator and rotation of the specimen by 90°, the interference color
remains white; in this case, however, it is a "higher-order white" and thus the path difference is > 5 .
The suitable compensator is:
K 0-30  tilting compensator (Accessory 000000-1115-698)

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− A dark gray appearing as the interference color indicates a very small path difference (/10 or 54.6 nm).

• Insert the compensator into the slot as far as it will go.

The accompanying instructions must be observed for the measurement preparation and procedure.

4.2.4.4 Circular polarization contrast

(1) Application
Unlike standard polarization contrast, circular polarization contrast does not show any dark (extinction)
positions that depend on the angle of rotation (azimuth) of the specimen relative to the polarizer or analyzer.
This means that when the stage is rotated the same image impression remains, as the light/dark positions are
omitted. With optical anisotropy, all transparent specimens display the characteristic interference colors.

(2) Instrumentation
− Strain-free objectives
− Pol rotary stage
− Circular polarizer D (no polarizers may be adapted on the condenser) including corresponding
lambda/4 plate.
− Stationary analyzer slider D or screw-in analyzer (in Axiolab 5 tubes).

(3) Configuring the microscope

• Set the microscope as for transmitted light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method (see section
4.2.1).
• Center the Pol rotary stage or objective (if this has not already been done – see sections 3.1.7.5 and
3.1.7.6).
• Initially do not use a specimen for the further settings.
• Place the analyzer in position.
• Swivel the lower part of the circular polarizer D (Fig. 4-10/2) into the beam path until it engages and
evaluate the extinction (darkening) of the field of view without the specimen at full light intensity.
If this is not optimal, align the analyzer in the tube or intermediate plate as necessary.
• Insert the respective slider 6x20mm with the lambda/4 plate (Fig. 4-10/1) as far as it will go into the slot for
compensators above the nosepiece.

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• Then swivel the upper part of the circular polarizer D (Fig. 4-10/4) into the beam path.
• Rotate the lever of the lambda/4 plate of the circular polarizer D (Fig. 4-10/3) until maximum extinction is
achieved (dark-gray field of view) (lever points 45° to the right).

1 Slider 6x20mm with lambda/4 plate

2 Lower section of circular polarizer
3 Lever for rotating the lambda/4 plate
4 Lambda/4 plate in the upper part of the circular polarizer
5 Adjustment slits

Fig. 4-10 Components for circular polarization contrast

• An (anisotropic) specimen should not be examined until after the above adjustment.
• Reinsert the specimen to be examined.
The interference colors – which depend on the material, specimen thickness and orientation – of the
specimens appear constant and independent of stage rotation.

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NOTE

For a high-contrast image with higher-magnification objectives (from approx. 20x) the illumination
aperture must be reduced to a value between 0.15 and 0.20, i.e. the aperture diaphragm must be
closed accordingly.
The effect of the lambda/4 plate (Fig. 4-10/4) can be undone by either swiveling it out of the beam
path or turning it with the lever (Fig. 4-10/3) into one of its two click-stop positions.

(4) Sample differentiation between gout and pseudo-gout

• Move two polarizers to the dark position (the analyzer is oriented NORTH-SOUTH, while the polarizer is
oriented EAST-WEST).
• Swivel in the lambda plate and, if a rotary lambda plate is available (e.g. 445226-0000-000), set the
oscillation direction to 45° (γ, stop position).
• Select crystal needles that are oriented in the gamma direction (see marking on the lambda plate).

(5) Analysis
• If the crystal needles oriented parallel to the gamma direction of the lambda plate are yellow, and the
crystal needles lying at a right angle to the gamma direction are blue, the crystals are monosodium urate
crystals (gout).
• If the crystal needles oriented parallel to the gamma direction of the lambda plate are blue, and the crystal
needles lying at a right angle to the gamma direction are yellow, the crystals are calcium pyrophosphate
crystals (pseudo-gout).

This analysis is also possible using a polarizer with a fixed lambda plate which can be placed on the luminous-
field diaphragm. In that case, the lambda plate does not have to be rotated.

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4.2.5 Configuring transmitted light polarization with the conoscopy stand

4.2.5.1 Determining the optical character of crystals

For the classification (and thus identification) of crystalline material – instead of the observation of the
specimen itself – the analysis of an interference image in the objective pupil provides the more valuable
information. This image is visible in the eyepiece when an additional lens (so-called Bertrand lens) is switched
on. Alternatively, the auxiliary microscope or a diopter may be used to view the interference image.
In contrast to orthoscopy, this is referred to as conoscopy, because the illumination is ideally provided by a
wide open cone. In practice this means that the aperture diaphragm is fully open and the objective should
likewise have a high aperture.

(1) Application
Crystal analysis is used to determine the optical character of transparent and weakly absorbent crystals. This
method is also referred to as conoscopy.
Its main application is classic mineral microscopy. However, synthetic crystals, industrial minerals and plastics
(e.g. films) can also be identified and characterized.

(2) Instrumentation
Conoscopic viewing is preferably carried out on the Axiolab 5 microscope for transmitted light conoscopy.
− Strain-free objectives; recommended:
N-Achroplan 50x/0.8 Pol objective or
EC Plan-Neofluar 40x/0.9 Pol objective
− Pol rotary stage
− Polarizer D (rotatable or fixed)
− 0.9 Pol condenser

(3) Configuring the microscope for conoscopy

In the case of uniaxial crystals, the most favorable
orientation for conoscopic viewing is obtained with
those specimen features (e.g. of a thin section) that
in orthoscopic viewing change the brightness as little
as possible. In this case, the direction of viewing and
the optical axis are parallel. The same applies to
biaxial crystals if viewed in or approximately in the
direction of one of the two optical axes.
• Configure the microscope as for transmitted light
brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method
Fig. 4-11 Axiolab 5 for transmitted light (see section 4.2.1).
conoscopy
• Place the specimen on the stage and focus on it.
• Swivel the analyzer into the beam path (on
position) with rotary knob A (Fig. 4-11/2).

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• The polarization direction can be changed using the setting wheel (Fig. 4-11/3) of the analyzer.

ATTENTION

The movements of rotary knobs A and BL and the respective setting wheels are coupled with each
other. Only one control element should therefore be operated at a time and the movement of the
other should not be inhibited or blocked. Otherwise, mechanical damage may occur.

NOTE

If the rotary knob BL is set to the On position, rotary knob A is automatically moved into the On
position if it is not there already.
If, on the other hand, rotary knob A is set to the Off position, rotary knob BL is automatically
moved into the Off position if it is not there already.

• Place a selected crystal in the center of the crossline reticle.

• Swivel in the N-Achroplan 50x/0.8 Pol objective or EC Plan-Neofluar 40x/0.9 Pol objective and focus using
the focusing drive.
• If necessary, close the luminous-field aperture to avoid superimposition of axial figures of neighboring
crystals on the axial figure to be examined. The smallest crystal value that can be faded out is 170 µm.
• Switch on Bertrand lens BL (Fig. 4-11/1) (On position). The axial figure will appear in the field of view.
• Bring the axial figure into focus using the setting wheel (Fig. 4-11/4).

(4) Evaluation
Crystalline anisotropic specimens can be separated into optical uni- and biaxial specimens, in each case with
an "optically positive" or "negative" character.
Uniaxial crystals display a black cross when the optical axis is parallel to the direction of view. Depending on
the level of birefringence and specimen thickness, concentrically arranged colored interference rings (so-
called isochromes) may appear (see also Fig. 4-12, second row).
The lines of this black cross remain closed when the stage is rotated. Depending on the section it may lie
within or outside the displayed objective pupil.
With optically biaxial crystals, the cross resolves into two dark hyperbola branches (the so-called isogyres)
depending on stage rotation, which are surrounded by colored interference patterns depending on the
amount of birefringence and specimen thickness (suggestive of the figure "8").

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Inserting a lambda compensator (473704-0000-000) or lambda/4 (473714-0000-000) or a 0-4 lambda wedge

compensator (000000-1140-663) in the compensator slot with the initial state of the axial figure being as
illustrated in Fig. 4-12 results in the following changes in color (shown schematically as blue and yellow areas)
to the axial figure, thus allowing differentiation in "optically positive" and "optically negative".

Optically uniaxial Optically biaxial

Positive Negative Positive Negative

Lambda plate + = Blue

(white → blue
→ yellow) – = Yellow

Quartz wedge  Direction of

(Direction of motion  movement
at insertion)

Lambda/4 plate
(position of black
spots)

Fig. 4-12 Determining optical character

In the case of less favourable sections in which the cross-hair center is optically uniaxial or the isogyres are
optically biaxial specimens outside the objective pupil, an assessment is possible as follows:
• If the black isogyres are straight and they run parallel to the pupil (in relation to the cross-hairs), the
specimen is optically uniaxial.
• If the black isogyres are curved lines which wander on a circular path through the pupil, the specimen is
optically biaxial.

NOTE

Axial figures can often be better displayed with circular polarization. In particular, the axis angle of
optically biaxial specimens (quasi the distance between the isogyres) can be determined more
clearly. The optical character can also be determined. The lambda compensator (6x20mm),
arranged in the compensator slot, is used for this purpose.

NOTE

Two storage compartments for 6x20mm slides are located on the back side of the conoscopy
stand.

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4.2.5.2 Detecting birefringence with the Axiolab for conoscopy

(1) Application
The transmitted light polarization method is used for samples which change the polarization of the light. Such
samples are called birefringent. Examples include crystals, minerals or polymers. If such birefringent
substances are observed between crossed polarizers, the birefringent portion of the sample appears bright
while it’s surrounding remains dark.
A birefringent substance can be recognized by rotating the sample by 360° between crossed polarizers. The
sample should show four bright and four dark appearances during the rotation. During the rotation procedure,
interference colors appear that range from gray (mostly for biological samples) through white, yellow and red
to blue, depending on the birefringence, thickness and orientation of the sample. The interference colors may
be of the first or a higher order.

(2) Instrumentation
On the Axiolab 5 microscope for transmitted light conoscopy:
− Strain-free objectives
− Pol rotary stage
− Polarizer D (rotatable or fixed)
− Analyzer slider D
− Lambda compensator or lambda/4 compensator

NOTE

The depolarizer is already incorporated in the Axiolab 5 stand for conoscopy.

A depolarizer (quartz depolarizer) should be installed in all microscopes used for examining mineral/geological
specimens.
A depolarizer extinguishes undesirable polarization effects (e.g. false or pseudo-pleochroism) that may occur
behind the analyzer (e.g. on prism surfaces in the tube), or shifts them to higher orders.

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(3) Configuring the microscope

• Configure the microscope as for transmitted light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method (see
section 4.2.1 (3)).
• Center the Pol rotary stage (Fig. 4-13/1) (see section 3.1.7.5) and objectives (see section 3.1.7.6).
• Swing the polarizer (Fig. 4-13/3) into the beam path and, if it is rotatable, position it at 0°.
• Put the analyzer slider (Fig. 4-13/2) into the beam path and adjust it using the setting wheel until the field
of view is dark.
• Bring the specimen to be examined into the field of view and rotate it with the rotary stage. Normally,
birefringent (anisotropic) objects will now show the same color and intensity variations as described above
during rotation between crossed polarizers. Optically anisotropic substances may remain dark when an
isotropic direction, e.g. from optically single-axle or double-axle crystals, is put parallel to the observation
direction.

Fig. 4-13 Components for transmitted light polarization on the conoscopy stand

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4.2.5.3 Determining the polarization direction n’

(1) Application
The determination of the polarization direction of n or n' respectively (polarization direction with the
absolute or relative largest index of refraction) and n or n' respectively (polarization direction with the
absolute or relative smallest index of refraction) relative to the morphological directions, e.g. of crystal
surfaces, crystal needles or fibers, provide an important signature of the material. This method is also used in
the diagnosis of bio-crystals (e.g. gout and pseudo-gout).

Fig. 4-14 Determining the polarization direction n' using a synthetic fiber as an example

(2) Equipment configuration for Axiolab for conoscopy

− Eyepiece with crossline reticle
− Strain-free objectives
− Pol rotary stage (Fig. 4-13/1)
− Polarizer D (rotatable or fixed)
− Lambda or lambda/4 compensator as required
− Pol adjustment tool sample for polarization microscope (453679-0000-000)

(3) Configure the microscope

• Configure the microscope as for transmitted light brightfield microscopy (see section 4.2.1 (3)), taking care
to ensure the correct inter-pupillary distance in the binocular tube (see section 4.1.1).
• Center the Pol rotary stage (Fig. 4-7/1) and objectives (see sections 3.1.7.5 and 3.1.7.6).
• Swivel the polarizer (Fig. 4-7/3) into the beam path and, if it is rotatable, position it at 0°.
• Insert the analyzer slider into the beam path and bring it into a crossed position using the setting wheel.
The field of view will appear dark due to the crossed polarizers.
• Place the Pol adjustment tool sample on the microscope stage and rotate it until the sample appears dark.
• Remove the analyzer slider from the beam path and align the reticle along the split cracks of the sample.
• Subsequently reinsert the analyzer slider and remove the Pol adjustment tool sample. The pass directions of
the polarizer and analyzer will now be parallel to the crossline reticle (polarizer EW, analyzer NS).

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NOTE

An adjustment of the crossline reticle is not necessary when working with the intermediate plate
and the binocular photo tube Pol (425520-9100-000).

• Rotate the rotary stage Pol with the sample, e.g. a synthetic fiber, until the sample appears as dark as
possible. In this position, the fiber extends parallel to one of the two directions of the crossline reticle.

NOTE

Do not change the inter-pupillary distance on the binocular tube, as the angle of the crossline
reticle to the fiber will be changed.

• Now turn the stage on by 45° so that the longitudinal axis of the fiber is oriented NE-SW (Fig. 4-15). The
sample will display the greatest brightness here (diagonal position). In this position the sample may have
any color.
• Insert the lambda compensator (473704-0000-000).
Like the sample, the lambda compensator is a birefringent object, albeit with a defined path difference of
550 nm and the principal polarization direction n definitely oriented in a NE-SW direction.
When the lambda compensator is moved into the beam path, the sample changes its color. The type of color
change depends on the orientation of the sample (NE-SW or NW-SE).
The changes in color are attributable to optical interference. The interference colors (path differences) in both
diagonal positions (NE-SW and NW-SE) of the sample must be compared in this connection.
The path difference results from the superimposition (interference) of the polarization direction of the sample
over the polarization direction of the lambda compensator.
The largest path difference occurs when the polarization direction of the sample with the absolute or relative
highest refractive index (n or n’) is parallel to the principal polarization direction of the lambda compensator.
The sample will then appear greenish-blue, for example (Fig. 4-14/2).
The smallest path difference occurs when the polarization direction of the sample with the absolute or relative
lowest refractive index (n or n’) is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the lambda compensator.
The sample will then appear yellow, for example (Fig. 4-14/3).

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(4) Conclusions
The gray-white color appearing first in the bright
position in the above example (Fig. 4-14/1)
corresponds to a path difference of 150 nm according
to the Michel-Lévy color chart (Fig. 4-15).
When the lambda compensator is brought into the
beam path, the non-birefringent "surroundings" of
the synthetic fiber appear dark red, which
corresponds to the path difference of the
compensator of 550 nm (1st order interference color
for the path difference of 550 nm corresponds to
1 ).
If the polarization direction (n or n') of the
birefringent sample to be examined is parallel to the
principal polarization direction (n) of the lambda
compensator, i.e. in the NE-SW direction, the path
difference of the sample (e.g. gray-white: 150 nm)
and the path difference of the lambda compensator
(red: 550 nm) add up. This results in a color change of Fig. 4-15 Schematic diagram of the color charts
the sample from grayish white to greenish-blue according to Michel-Lévy
(resulting path difference = 700 nm).
If the polarization direction of the birefringence
sample to be examined is perpendicular to the principal polarization direction of the lambda compensator, i.e.
in the NW-SE direction, the path difference of the sample (e.g. gray-white: 150 nm) is subtracted from the
path difference of the compensator (red: 550 nm). In this case, the interference color of the sample visibly
changes from gray-white to orange (resulting path difference = 400 nm).

NOTE

The Michel-Lévy color charts are available in the literature catalog no. 42-312.

4.2.5.4 Measuring path differences with the Axiolab for conoscopy

The measurement compensators are required for exact measurement. These return, i.e. compensate, the path
difference created by the specimen to zero (black of the first order).
Whereas in the above-described methods the addition or subtraction position was of interest, only the
subtraction position is of interest in the measurement.
Path differences in the specimen can assume very small values (1/50  or 10 nm) and very large values (more
than 10  or approx. 5500 nm and more) and thus determine the compensator appropriate for the
measurement.

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The suitable compensator is determined as follows:

• Configure the microscope as for transmitted light brightfield microscopy (see section 4.2.1), taking care to
ensure the correct inter-pupillary distance in the binocular tube (see section 4.1.1).
• Accurately position the specimen to be examined on the center of the crossline reticle.
• Limit the aperture to a value of about 0.2.
• Rotate the Pol rotary stage until the specimen is almost invisible, i.e. completely dark.
• Rotate the stage once (by 45°) so that the specimen is in a diagonal position (bright).

The interference intensity or color leads to the following conclusions:

− If more or less strong interference colors appear on the specimen, the path difference ranges from
approximately 1/2  to 5 .
The suitable compensator is:
the B 0-5  tilting compensator.
− If the specimen-side color changes from light gray/white to a strong interference color when a lambda
compensator (473704-0000-000) is inserted in the compensator slot, the path difference is
(1/4 - 1/2) .

NOTE

A prerequisite for the occurrence of the color change effect may be the evaluation in two
specimen positions rotated at an angle of 90° from each other, plus a centered stage.

The suitable compensator is:

the B 0-5  tilting compensator or the DE SENARMONT compensation method up to 1  using the
546/4 nm Senarmont compensator.

NOTE

The DE SENARMONT compensation method requires the use of the rotatable analyzer.

− After insertion of the lambda compensator and rotation of the specimen by 90°, the interference color
remains white; in this case, however, it is a "higher-order white" and thus the path difference is > 5 .
The suitable compensator is:
the K 0-30  tilting compensator (Accessory 000000-1115-698)
− A dark gray as the interference color indicates very small path differences (/10 or 54.6 nm).

• Insert the compensator into the slot as far as it will go.

The accompanying instructions must be followed for the measurement preparation and procedure.

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4.2.5.5 Circular polarization contrast with Axiolab for conoscopy

(1) Application
Unlike standard polarization contrast, circular polarization contrast does not show any dark (extinction)
positions that depend on the angle of rotation (azimuth) of the specimen relative to the polarizer or analyzer.
This means that when the stage is rotated, the image impression remains the same, as the light/dark positions
are omitted. With optical anisotropy, all transparent specimens display the characteristic interference colors.

(2) Instrumentation
− Strain-free objectives
− Pol rotary stage
− Circular polarizer D (no polarizers may be adapted on the condenser) including corresponding the
lambda/4 plate.

(3) Configuring the microscope

• Configure the microscope as for transmitted light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method (see
section 4.2.1).
• Center the Pol rotary stage or objective (if this has not already been done – see section 3.1.7.5 or 3.1.7.6).
• Initially, do not use a specimen for the further settings.
• Swivel the analyzer into the beam path.
• Swivel the lower part of the circular polarizer D (Fig. 4-16/2) into the beam path until it engages and
evaluate the extinction (darkening) of the field of view without the specimen at full light intensity.
If this is not optimal, align the analyzer as necessary.
• Insert the respective 6x20mm slider with the lambda/4 plate (Fig. 4-16/1) as far as it will go into the slot for
compensators above the nosepiece.
• Then swivel the upper part of the circular polarizer D (Fig. 4-16/4) into the beam path.
• Rotate the lever of the lambda/4 plate of the circular polarizer D (Fig. 4-16/3) until extinction is maximized
(dark-gray field of view) (lever points 45° to the right).

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1 6x20mm slider with lambda/4 plate

2 Lower section of circular polarizer
3 Lever for rotating the lambda/4 plate
4 Lambda/4 plate in the upper part of the circular polarizer
5 Adjustment slits

Fig. 4-16 Components for circular polarization contrast on conoscopy stand

• An (anisotropic) specimen should not be examined until after the above adjustment has been completed.
• Reinsert the specimen to be examined.
The interference colors – which depend on the material, specimen thickness and orientation – of the
specimens appear constant and independent of stage rotation.

NOTE

For a high-contrast image with higher-magnification objectives (from approx. 20x) the illumination
aperture must be reduced to a value between 0.15 and 0.20, i.e. the aperture diaphragm must be
closed accordingly.
The effect of the lambda/4 plate (Fig. 4-16/4) can be undone by either swiveling it out of the beam
path or turning it with the lever (Fig. 4-16/3) to one of its two click-stop positions.

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4.2.6 Configuring transmitted light polarization for conoscopic observation – determining the optical
character of crystals

For the classification (and thus identification) of crystalline material, the analysis of an interference image in
the objective pupil provides more valuable information than the examination of the specimen itself. This
image is visible in the eyepiece when an additional lens (known as a Bertrand lens) is switched on.
Alternatively, the auxiliary microscope or a diopter may be used to view the interference image.
In contrast to orthoscopy, this is referred to as conoscopy, because the illumination is ideally provided by a
wide open cone. In practice this means that the aperture diaphragm is fully open and the objective should
likewise have a large aperture.

4.2.6.1 Application

Crystal analysis is used to determine the optical character of transparent and weakly absorbent crystals. This
method is also referred to as conoscopy.
Its main application is classic mineral microscopy. However, synthetic crystals, industrial minerals and plastics
(e.g. films) can also be identified and characterized.

(1) Instrumentation
Conoscopic viewing is preferably carried out on the Axiolab 5 microscope for transmitted light conoscopy.
− Strain-free objectives; recommended:
N-Achroplan 50x/0.8 Pol objective or
EC Plan-Neofluar 40x/0.9 Pol objective
− Pol rotary stage
− Polarizer D (rotatable or fixed)
− 0.9 Pol condenser

(2) Configuring the microscope for conoscopy

In the case of uniaxial crystals, the most favorable orientation for conoscopic viewing is obtained with those
specimen features (e.g. of a thin section) that in orthoscopic viewing change the brightness as little as possible.
In this case, the direction of viewing and the optical axis are parallel. The same applies to biaxial crystals if
viewed in or approximately in the direction of one of the two optical axes.

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• Configure the microscope as for transmitted light

brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method
(see section 4.2.1).
• Swivel the polarizer (Fig. 4-13/3) into the beam
path and, if it is rotatable, position it at 0°.
• Swivel the analyzer into the beam path and bring
into a crossed position with the setting wheel.
(The field of view will now appear dark)
• Place the specimen on the stage and focus on it.
• Swivel the analyzer into the beam path (On
Fig. 4-17 Axiolab 5 for transmitted light position) with rotary knob A (Fig. 4-17/2). The
conoscopy polarization direction can be changed using the
setting wheel (Fig. 4-17/3) of the analyzer.

ATTENTION

The movements of rotary knobs A and BL and the respective setting wheels are coupled to each
other. Only one control element should therefore be operated at a time and the movement of the
other should not be inhibited or blocked. Otherwise, mechanical damage may occur.

NOTE

If rotary knob BL is set to the On position, rotary knob A will be automatically set to the On if it is
not already there.
If, on the other hand, rotary knob A is set to the Off position, rotary knob BL will be automatically
set to the Off position if it is not already there.

• Place a selected crystal in the center of the crossline reticle.

• Swivel in the objective N-Achroplan 50x/0.8 Pol or EC Plan-Neofluar 40x/0.9 Pol and focus with the focusing
drive.
• If necessary, close the luminous-field aperture to avoid superimposition of axial figures of neighboring
crystals on the axial figure. The smallest crystal range that can be faded out is approx. 170 µm.
• Switch on the Bertrand lens BL (Fig. 4-17/1) (Position On). The axial figure will appear in the field of view.
• Bring the axial figure into focus with the setting wheel (Fig. 4-17/4).

(3) Evaluation
Crystalline anisotropic specimens can be separated into optical uni- and biaxial, in each case with an "optically
positive" or "negative" character.
Uniaxial crystals display a black cross when the optical axis is parallel to the direction of view. Depending on
the level of birefringence and the specimen thickness, concentrically arranged colored interference rings (so-
called isochromes) may appear (see also Fig. 4-12, second row).

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The lines of this black cross remain closed when the stage is rotated. Depending on the section it may lie
within or outside the displayed objective pupil.
With optically biaxial crystals, the cross resolves into two dark hyperbola branches (the so-called isogyres)
depending on stage rotation, which are surrounded by colored interference patterns depending on the
amount of birefringence and specimen thickness (suggestive of the figure "8").
Inserting a lambda compensator (473704-0000-000) or a lambda/4 (473714-0000-000) or a 0-4 lambda wedge
compensator (000000-1140-663) in the compensator slot with the initial state of the axial figure being as
illustrated in Fig. 4-18 results in the following changes in color (shown schematically in the blue and yellow
areas) of the axial figure, thus allowing differentiation in "optically positive" and "optically negative".

Optically uniaxial Optically biaxial

Positive Negative Positive Negative

Lambda plate + = Blue

(white → blue
→ yellow) – = Yellow

Quartz wedge  Direction of

(Direction of motion  movement
at insertion)

Lambda/4 plate
(position of black
spots)

Fig. 4-18 Determining the optical character

In the case of less favorable sections in which the cross-hair center is optically uniaxial or the isogyres are
optically biaxial specimens outside the objective pupil, an assessment can be done as follows:
• If the black isogyres are straight and they run parallel to the pupil (in relation to the cross-hairs), the
specimen is optically uniaxial.
• If the black isogyres are curved lines which wander on a circular path through the pupil, the specimen is
optically biaxial.

NOTE

Axial figures can often be better displayed with circular polarization. In particular, the axis angle of
optically biaxial specimens (quasi the distance between the isogyres) can be better determined.
The optical character can also be determined. the lambda compensator (6x20mm), arranged in the
compensator slot, is used for this purpose.

NOTE

Two storage compartments for 6x20mm slides are located at the back of the conoscopy stand.

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4.3 Illumination and contrast methods in reflected light

4.3.1 Configuring reflected light brightfield microscopy using the KÖHLER method

(1) Application
Reflected light brightfield microscopy is the simplest and most common optical microscopy method for
examining opaque samples or specimens, e.g. material sections or wafers.
For a true-to-object imaging, indirect ray bundles, i.e. ray bundles diffracted and scattered on the specimen
details, are of major importance in addition to the so-called direct ray bundles. The higher the proportion of
indirect bundles of rays (aperture), the more realistic the ABBE microscopic image will be.
The cone of light emitted by the reflected light unit is reflected on a color-neutral beam splitter and then
passes through the objective, which focuses the beam on the surface of the sample (so-called condenser
function). The objective collects the light reflected by the specimen, and together with the tube lens it
generates the microscopic intermediate image which can then be visually observed or objectively
documented.

(2) Instrumentation
Reflected light brightfield viewing is possible only with the stand for reflected light.
− P&C ACR brightfield reflector module for reflected light in the reflector turret

(3) Configuring reflected light brightfield microscopy

− The microscope has been started up correctly as described in section 3.
− The microscope is switched on.
• Adjust the light intensity by turning the Intensity/LM knob (Fig. 4-19/4).
• Position a high-contrast reflected light specimen on the microscope stage.
• Swivel in the 10x objective on the nosepiece (Fig. 4-19/3).
• On the nosepiece (Fig. 4-19/6), swivel in the position with the brightfield reflector module.
• Bring the specimen into focus with the focusing drive (Fig. 4-19/5). If possible, always focus away from the
specimen in order to avoid a collision between the objective and the specimen.
• Set the knurled wheel of aperture diaphragm A (Fig. 4-19/1) in the middle position (about half
open/closed).
• Adjust the knurled wheel of the luminous-field diaphragm F (Fig. 4-19/2) until the luminous-field aperture is
visible in the field of vision.
• Use the focusing drive to adjust the focus on the edge of the luminous-field aperture.
• Now open the luminous-field aperture until it disappears just beyond the edge of the field of view.

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• To adjust the aperture diaphragm (image contrast), remove an eyepiece from the eyepiece tube and look
into the tube with the naked eye, or use the auxiliary microscope instead of the eyepiece.
This functions only with sufficiently reflective specimens.
• For specimens with medium contrast characteristics, set the aperture diaphragm with the knurled wheel
(Fig. 4-19/1) to between 2/3 and 4/5 of the exit pupil diameter of the objective.
In most applications, this aperture diaphragm setting provides optimal contrast at almost ideal resolution, and
is therefore the best compromise for the human eye.
• Then reinsert the eyepiece, adjust the focus with the coaxial coarse and fine focusing knobs and adjust the
brightness to the reflected light specimen. Readjust aperture stop diameter after each objective change.

NOTE

Never use the aperture diaphragm for controlling image brightness. Use the Intensity/LM knob
(Fig. 4-19/4) for illumination intensity!

1 Knurled wheel of aperture diaphragm A

2 Knurled wheel of luminous-field diaphragm F
3 Nosepiece
4 Intensity/LM knob
5 Focusing drive
6 Reflector turret

Fig. 4-19 Microscope settings in reflected light brightfield microscopy

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4.3.2 Configuring reflected light darkfield microscopy

(1) Application
Reflected light darkfield microscopy is used for examining incompletely reflecting surfaces with different
degrees of reflectivity (ideal reflected light brightfield specimens), i.e. with scratches, ruptures, pores or other
disruptions to the even surface. All these light-scattering details light up brightly in the darkfield, whereas the
even surface remains dark.

(2) Instrumentation
Observations in the reflected light darkfield can be made only on Axiolab 5 microscopes for reflected light.
− Epiplan-Neofluar, EC Epiplan-Neofluar, Epiplan objectives with the additional designation “HD”
− ACR P&C darkfield reflector module for reflected light

NOTE

The stand for reflected light is equipped with a built-in darkfield stop.

(3) Configuring the reflected light darkfield

• Adjust the microscope as described in section 4.3.1 for the reflected light brightfield. In order to avoid
reflexes, the displayed luminous-field aperture should be located slightly beyond the edge of the field of
view.
• If used, remove the 6x20mm compensator.
• Swivel in the objective position with the darkfield objective (HD) on the nosepiece.
• If necessary, swivel in the darkfield reflector module on the reflector turret.
• Completely open the aperture diaphragm and switch off or remove the neutral filter as necessary.
• Place the specimen on the stage and sharpen the image.

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4.3.3 Configuring reflected light polarization – Proof of bireflectance and reflexion pleochroism

(1) Application
Reflected light polarization is a further contrasting method for cut surfaces of mineral ore, coal, ceramic
products, certain metals and alloys. Depending on the orientation of the crystals and specimen details, the cut
surfaces often react differently when reflected in linear polarized light
The illumination light is linearly polarized by the polarizer before passing through the objective onto the
specimen surface, where it is reflected. Here the beam parts experience path differences depending on the
structure and polarization of optical rotations which, when passing through the analyzer, are displayed in
different shades of gray. The gray can be converted into a color contrast with the aid of a compensator
equipped with a lambda plate.
With objectives of very low magnification, a rotatable lambda/4 plate arranged in front of the objective
(Antiflex cap) permits the reflections to be eliminated even with "dark" specimen surfaces, which otherwise
would be unavoidable.

(2) Instrumentation
Observations in the reflected light darkfield can be made only on Axiolab 5 microscopes for reflected light.
− Pol rotary stage
− Epiplan-Neofluar Pol, EC Epiplan-Neofluar Pol, Epiplan Pol objectives
− C DIC/DIC/TIC ACR P&C or DIC/Pol ACR P&C or DIC Red I ACR P&C reflector module
or Pol ACR P&C reflector module in reflector turret
− Analyzer slider D, fixed or lambda compensator, 6x20mm or Lambda/4, 6x20mm

(3) Configuring reflected light polarization

• Adjust the microscope as described in section 4.3.1 for the reflected light brightfield.
• Swivel the P&C (for DIC or Pol) reflector module on the reflector turret into the beam path and insert the
analyzer slider (or lambda compensator or lambda/4 compensator) into the 6x20mm slot.
• Insert a specimen, adjust the desired magnification level, focus and observe the specimen in the
polarization contrast now present while turning the Pol rotary stage.

A specimen is bireflective when the details display differences in brightness and color which change when the
stage is rotated.
For samples with low bireflectance it is advisable to use the rotatable analyzer equipped with a lambda plate.
Pleochroism can be detected when the color of the specimen changes when the stage is rotated (reflected
light polarizer turned on, analyzer turned off).

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4.3.4 Setting reflected light fluorescence

(1) General principle

The reflected light fluorescence method is used to show fluorescent substances in typical fluorescence colors
in high contrast. The light originating from a high-performance illuminator in a reflected light fluorescence
microscope passes through a heat protection filter to an excitation filter (bandpass). The filtered, short-
wavelength excitation beam is reflected by a dichroic beam splitter and is focused on the specimen above the
objective. The specimen absorbs the short-wave radiation before emitting longer-wave fluorescence radiation
(Stokes’ Law). This radiation is then captured from the image side by the objective and passes through the
dichroic beam separator. Finally, the beams pass through a band elimination filter (longpass/bandpass) which
only permits the long-wave radiation emitted by the specimen to pass through.
The spectra of the excitation and the band-elimination filters must match very closely. They must be inserted
in a reflector module FL P&C together with the respective dichroic beam splitter.

Only powerful LEDs are supplied as FL excitation light sources in the Axiolab 5 program with the following
options:
LED module 385nm for Axio 423052-9593-000
LED module 470nm for Axio 423052-9573-000
LED module 505nm for Axio 423052-9562-000
LED module 565nm for Axio 423052-9602-000
LED module 625nm for Axio 423052-9522-000.

(2) Instrumentation
Observations in reflected light fluorescence can be made only on Axiolab 5 microscopes for reflected light and
reflected light fluorescence.
− Recommended objectives: EC Plan-Neofluar or Fluar (UV excitation)
− LED modules for FL excitation (installed in FL stand)
− FL P&C reflector modules equipped with respective filter sets
− Fluorescence protection shield

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(3) Configuring reflected light fluorescence

The adjustment of reflected light fluorescence is facilitated by starting with an objective of average
magnification, e.g. EC Plan-Neofluar 20x/0.50, and a specimen of high fluorescence. Demonstration samples
can also be used for the start-up.

NOTE

If the lambda compensator used for the transmitted light polarization method is still in its slot
above the nosepiece, it must be removed before configuring reflected light fluorescence.

• Slide the fluorescence protection shield (Fig. 4-20/8) into the compensator slot above the nosepiece.
• Swivel in the 20x/0.50 EC Plan-Neofluar objective on the nosepiece (Fig. 4-20/2).
• Initially set transmitted light illumination by pushing the TL button (Fig. 4-20/5).
• If necessary, turn the condenser turret (Fig. 4-20/7) to the BF position for transmitted light brightfield (or
phase contrast if using a Ph objective) and seek the specimen detail to be examined.
• Adjust the light intensity by turning the Intensity/LM knob (Fig. 4-20/3) and focus (Fig. 4-20/6).
• On the reflector turret (Fig. 4-20/9), select the FL P&C reflector module with the desired fluorescence filter
combination (depending on the excitation mode) and swivel it into the beam path.
• Use the LED selection knob (Fig. 4-20/1) to swivel the desired LED (UV, B or G) into the beam path.

ATTENTION

To avoid dazzling when switching between the LEDs, the brightness should be reduced slightly
beforehand.

NOTE

When switching among the three LEDs, the current brightness setting is adopted.

• Switch on reflected light illumination by pushing the RL button (Fig. 4-20/4).

• Adjust the light intensity for reflected light by turning the Intensity/LM knob (Fig. 4-20/3).
• Finally, sharpen the image of the specimen.

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1 LED selection knob for swiveling in the LED UV (385 nm) or LED B (475 nm) or LED G (555 nm)
2 Nosepiece
3 Intensity/LM knob
4 Reflected light button (RL)
5 Transmitted light button (TL)
6 Focusing drive
7 Condenser turret
8 Fluorescence protection shield
9 Reflector turret

Fig. 4-20 Components for reflected light fluorescence

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Axiolab 5 Instrument care ZEISS

5 CARE, FUSE REPLACEMENT AND SERVICE

5.1 Instrument care

The only care required for the Axiolab 5 is as follows:

• Switch the device off after each use and put the protective cover on (protects against dust and moisture).
• Do not set the instrument up in a humid environment (max. humidity ≤ 75%).
• Cover all open tubes with dust caps.
• Remove dust and loose dirt on visible optical surfaces using a fine brush, blower brush, cotton wool bud,
optical paper or cotton cloth.
• Remove water-soluble dirt (coffee, cola, etc.) by breathing on it and wiping with a dust-free cotton cloth or
a moistened cloth. A mild cleaning agent may be added to the water.
• Remove stubborn, oily or greasy dirt (immersion oils, fingerprints) using cotton wool buds or a dust-free
cotton cloth and optical cleanser L.
This cleaning agent is made of 90 vol% petroleum ether and 10 vol% isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The
components are also known by the following names:
Petroleum ether: surgical spirit, benzine
Isopropanol alcohol: 2-propyl alcohol,
dimethylcarbinol,
2-hydroxypropane
Clean the optical surfaces with circular movements, starting from the middle and working outward to the
edges. Exert only slight pressure on optical surfaces.

ATTENTION

Do not use acetone to clean the front lens of the Pol condenser.

Please comply with the following guidelines if the microscope is to be used in a hot and humid climate:
• Keep the instrument in bright, dry and well-aired rooms, with humidity ≤ 75%; in particular, sensitive parts
such as objectives and eyepieces should be kept in special dry closets.

Precision optical instruments are always susceptible to mold if they are kept and used under the following
conditions:
− If the relative humidity > 75% over periods exceeding three days at temperatures between +15 °C and
+35 °C.
− if they are set up in dark rooms without sufficient ventilation.
− if there are dust and fingerprints on optical surfaces.

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5.2 Instrument maintenance

5.2.1 Checking the instrument

• Ensure compliance with the specified line voltages.

• Check the power cable and the plug for possible damage.
• If any damage is observed, turn the instrument off and secure it against inadvertent restarts immediately.
Call in a qualified professional to remedy the problem.

5.2.2 Replacing the fuses in the stand

CAUTION

Always disconnect the instrument from

the power supply before replacing fuses.

If the fuses fail, the reason must first of all be

ascertained and technical problems properly
remedied.
The fuse box is located at the back of the microscope.
It is combined with the power supply plug and
contains two type T 3.15 A/H /250 V fuses.
Fig. 5-1 Replacing the fuses in the stand • Disconnect the microscope from the power supply
• Remove the fuse holder (Fig. 5-1/2) by pulling it to
the front. Use a small screwdriver for this purpose
if necessary.
• Remove the fuses from the fuse holder and
replace with new fuses.
• Push the fuse holder back into the fuse box
(Fig. 5-1/1) until it engages.
• Connect the power plug.

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Axiolab 5 Troubleshooting ZEISS

5.3 Troubleshooting

5.3.1 Microscope

Problem Cause Solution

No illumination light after Nosepiece and/or reflector turret are not Move the nosepiece and/or reflector
switching on the microscope. engaged to defined positions. turret to the left or right to engage the
nosepiece and/or reflector turret to
defined positions. Then restart the
microscope.
Shadows or inhomogeneous The vis/phot push-pull rod/shift knob on Move the vis/phot push-pull rod/shift
image brightness in the field of the photo tube is not in the correct knob to the correct functional position
view; the field is not entirely functional position (intermediate position). (end position).
visible.
Nosepiece with objective not engaged in Push in nosepiece with objective until it
click-stop. engages.
Condenser not correctly adjusted. Set the condenser correctly
(adjustment, centering);
see p. 81 ff.
Aperture diaphragm not correctly adjusted. Set the aperture diaphragm correctly
(opening);
see p. 81 ff.
Luminous-field aperture not correctly Set the luminous-field diaphragm
adjusted. correctly (aperture);
see p. 81 ff.
The filter has not been inserted correctly in Insert filter correctly in the filter mount.
the filter mount.
Low resolving power and poor Aperture diaphragm not correctly adjusted. Set the aperture diaphragm as per
image contrast. 2/3 rule or the specimen features;
see p. 81 ff.
The condenser has not been correctly Focus the condenser and swivel front
focused and front lens 0.9 not swiveled lens 0.9 in or out correctly;
in/out correctly. see p. 81 ff.
Wrong cover glass thickness for transmitted Use standard cover glass with a
light objectives corrected for 0.17 mm thickness of 0.17 mm.
cover glass thickness.
Specimen slide placed upside down. Turn the specimen slide over; the
specimen side should be on top.
Use of no or non-specified immersion oil Use immersion oil 518 N or 518 F from
with immersion objectives. ZEISS
Air bubbles in immersion oil. Repeat oiling procedure with fresh oil.
Immersion oil on the front lens of a dry Clean the front lens of the dry objective.
objective.
Correction setting is not set to the proper Adjust the correction setting ring to the
thickness of the cover glass. correct cover glass thickness.
Dirt or dust on the optical surfaces of Clean the respective optical
objectives, eyepieces, condensers or filters. components.

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Problem Cause Solution

Asymmetric image sharpness, Condenser is not correctly adjusted. Adjust the condenser correctly;
e.g. one side is sharp, one is side see p. 81 ff.
blurred.
Nosepiece is not engaged in its locking Engage the nosepiece in its locking
position. position (click-stop).
The specimen has not been fixed on the Insert and fix correctly in the specimen
mechanical stage. holder.
Distinct focus differences when Focusable eyepieces are not adjusted Adjust the focusable eyepieces
changing the objective. correctly or a Pol eyepiece was used in a according to the vision defect,
binocular tube without upright image. see p. 79.
Objective is not screwed in all the way. Screw the objective in to the stop.
Tube lens is not mounted, or mounted Mount the tube lens or remove it, as
unnecessarily. appropriate.
Left and the right field of view Eyepiece distance (inter-pupillary distance) Adjust the inter-pupillary distance
cannot be brought together in is not adjusted correctly. correctly;
one image. see p. 79.
Focusable eyepieces are not adjusted Adjust the focusable eyepieces
correctly. according to the vision defect,
see p. 79.
Eye fatigue when using the Eyepiece distance (inter-pupillary distance) Adjust the inter-pupillary distance
microscope. is not adjusted correctly. correctly;
see p. 79.
Focusable eyepieces are not adjusted Adjust the focusable eyepieces
correctly. according to the vision defect,
see p. 79.
Image brightness is unacceptable. Adjust the lamp voltage or insert a
conversion filter.
Binocular tube is optically/mechanically Call in service personnel for
misaligned. check/repair.
Dirt or dust in the field of view. The condenser has not been correctly Focus the condenser and swivel front
focused and front lens 0.9 not swiveled lens correctly in or out;
in/out correctly. see p. 81 ff.
Opening of the aperture diaphragm is too Set the aperture diaphragm as per
small. 2/3 rule or the specimen features;
see p. 81 ff.
Dirt or dust on optical surfaces of Clean the optical surfaces of the soiled
objectives, eyepieces, condensers, filters or components,
specimens. see p. 119.

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Problem Cause Solution

LED/halogen lamp does not light Power plug is not plugged into the mains Insert the plug into the mains outlet.
up although the switch is in the outlet. Ensure that the outlet and instrument
On position. have the same voltage.
Lamp is not installed. Install lamp, see p. 64.
Lamp is defective. Replace lamp, see p. 64.
Fuses are defective. Replace fuses, see p. 120.
Installed electrical equipment may be Call in the service personnel to check
defective. components and replace if necessary,
see p. 126.
No voltage from the power socket. Use a different mains power socket.
Halogen lamp flickers, Halogen lamp is reaching the end of its Replace the halogen lamp, see p. 64.
illumination intensity is not service life.
stable.
Power cable is not installed properly or is Install the power cable properly or
damaged. replace it.
Pins of the LED/halogen lamp are not Insert the pins of the lamp correctly, see
properly inserted in the socket. p. 64.
No light in eyepiece The system is in ECO mode Turn the Intensity/LM knob clockwise to
wake up the system.
The light intensity too low Turn the Intensity/LM knob clockwise to
increase the light.
The light was turned off by pressing the Press the RL or TL button according to
corresponding RL/TL button the corresponding indicator (green).
Wrong or missing reflector module Check the reflector turret and make
(reflected light in use) sure the correct reflector is in use.

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5.3.2 Axiocam 202/208

When the microscope is in use with Axiocam 202/208

Problem Cause Solution
LED indicator is off. The camera is not drawing power via Make sure the microscope is powered
the USB (Commercial Micro-D) cable. on and connect the USB (Commercial
Micro-D) cable to the stand.
USB cable is not connected to a Connect the camera to a running PC.
certified power supply unit. Requirements: 5 V DC with at least
1000 mA at output.
USB cable is not suitable. Use the USB cable provided in the
original package.
Firmware update does not For an update, a USB stick must be Insert a formatted USB stick with
function. inserted and the firmware to be firmware in the root folder with at least
updated must be saved to the root 200 MB free memory space. Comply
folder on the USB stick. with the instructions enclosed with the
firmware update.
Date/Time is wrong on the camera. Date/time is not set correctly. Date/time can be set in OSD under
Operating System setting.
The buffer battery has no charge. Contact service
The image has severe noise. The amplification (gain) is set too high. Open 3D noise reduction; reduce the
gain.
The exposure time is set too high. Open 3D noise reduction; reduce the
exposure time.
The light intensity is set too low. Open 3D noise reduction; increase the
light intensity.
The image is too dark or too bright. Automatic exposure time has not been Activate auto exposure or manually
activated. adjust the exposure time and gain so
that the settings are suitable for the
current light situation.
The camera forgets the settings Settings are not stored. 5 seconds is required for the settings to
(e.g. manual white balance, be automatically stored.
resolution) if the power supply is
disrupted.
Monitor connected via HDMI does The camera is not delivering a signal, Ensure that the camera has been
not display an image. or signal is not compatible with the switched on for at least 30 seconds and
monitor. the LED indicator is blue. Check the plug
connections on the camera and monitor.
The camera cannot be recognized Camera is not recognized by the Make sure camera is powered on and re-
by the PC. Windows drive. connect the USB cable to the PC.

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Problem Cause Solution

The image appears distorted on the The image aspect ratio is 16:9. The Set the monitor aspect ratio to 16:9.
full-screen monitor. monitor may be set to a different
aspect ratio and causes the distortion.
The image is blurred on the screen Focus plane of the camera is different Make sure the sample is focused
but the sample is in focus through from that of the eyepieces. correctly through eyepieces and adjust
eyepieces. the camera adapter until image is in
focus on the monitor.
The camera otherwise behaves The camera may have been put into an Press the factory reset button on the
abnormally. unintended state. camera.

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5.4 Maintenance and repair

Repairs of mechanical, optical or electronic components inside the instrument and electrical components of
Axiolab 5 microscopes may be performed only by ZEISS service staff or specially authorized personnel.
To ensure optimal configuration and trouble-free function of your microscope over a longer period of time, we
recommend that you enter into a service/maintenance agreement with ZEISS.
For subsequent orders or when service is required, please get in touch with your local ZEISS representative.
If servicing is required, please contact your local representative or

Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH

Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10
07745 Jena, Germany

[email protected]
www.zeiss.com/microscopy

Carl Zeiss Suzhou Co., Ltd.

Modern Industrial Square 3-B,No.333
XingPu Road SIP
215126 Suzhou, China

5.5 Firmware update

For updating the firmware, please use the following link for downloading the latest version:

https://www.zeiss.com/microscopy/us/downloads.html

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 APPENDIX
Axiolab 5 List of abbreviations ZEISS

6 APPENDIX
6.1 List of abbreviations

AC Alternating current
ACR Automatic Component Recognition
AF Width across flats
B/BF Brightfield
BL Bertrand lens
CSA Canadian Standards Association
C DIC Differential Interference Contrast in circular polarized light
CGT Cover glass thickness
D/DF Darkfield
d Diameter (e.g. filter)
DC Direct Current
DIC Differential Interference Contrast
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardization)
EC European Community
EN Euronorm (European standard)
Ergo Ergonomic/Ergonomics
FL Fluorescence
foc. focusable
GW Suitability for glasses wearers
HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IP Internal protection (through housing)
ISO International Standardization Organization
L Left (coaxial knurled knob left on mechanical stage)
LED Light emitting diode
LM Light manager
OSD On-screen display
Ph Phase contrast
phot photographic
PL Plan
Pol Polarization
P&C Push&Click

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R Right (coaxial knurled knob to right of mechanical stage)

RL Reflected light
SLR Single Lens Reflex
T Slow (type of fuse)
TIC Total interference contrast in circular polarized light
TL Transmitted light
UL Underwriters Laboratories
UV Ultraviolet
VAC Volt AC
vis visual

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 APPENDIX
Axiolab 5 Index ZEISS

6.2 Index

Page
A
Ametropia.............................................................................................................................................................. 80
Analyzer ................................................................................................................................... 28, 95, 102, 103, 107
Analyzer slider ................................................................................................................................................. 90, 91
Aperture diaphragm ............................................................................................................................ 30, 32, 40, 82
Auxiliary microscope ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Axiocam ..................................................................................................................................................... 43, 49, 72
Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Axiolab 5 stand, Bio-TL/FL ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Axiolab 5 stand, Mat-TL/RL ................................................................................................................................... 32
Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL .......................................................................................................................................... 26
Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/Conoscopy ....................................................................................................................... 28
Axiolab 5 stand, Pol-TL/RL ..................................................................................................................................... 30
B
Bertrand lens ........................................................................................................................................... 28, 98, 109
Binocular photo tube............................................................................................................................................. 36
Binocular tube ................................................................................................................................................. 35, 53
Bireflexion ........................................................................................................................................................... 115
Birefringence ................................................................................................................................................. 89, 101
Bright field ..................................................................................................................................................... 81, 112
C
Cable holder ............................................................................................................................ 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Care ..................................................................................................................................................................... 119
Carrying handle ......................................................................................................................................... 22, 26, 28
Centering screw for condenser ............................................................................................... 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Checking the instrument ..................................................................................................................................... 120
Circular polarization contrast ........................................................................................................................ 95, 107
Coarse adjustment .................................................................................................................. 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Color glass carrier .................................................................................................................................................. 88
Color tables ........................................................................................................................................................... 93
Comfortable ergo tube .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Components .......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Optional ............................................................................................................................................................. 73
Standard ............................................................................................................................................................ 51
Condenser ........................................................................................... 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 40, 62, 75, 81, 84
Condenser carrier ........................................................................................................ 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 62
Condenser, darkfield ............................................................................................................................................. 63
Conoscopy ............................................................................................................................................... 28, 98, 109
Contrasting techniques ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Control and functional elements....................................................................................... 21, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 35
Co-observer unit .................................................................................................................................................... 73
D
Dark field ............................................................................................................................................................. 114
Dark field stop ....................................................................................................................................................... 84
Default factory settings ......................................................................................................................................... 78

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Default setting ...................................................................................................................................................... 79

Depolarizer............................................................................................................................................................ 89
Description of the instrument .............................................................................................................................. 15
Determining crystal character ...................................................................................................................... 98, 109
Diaphragm ............................................................................................................................................................ 88
Dimensions ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
Display elements ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Drive length........................................................................................................................................................... 57
E
Ergo photo tube .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Ergo tube............................................................................................................................................................... 37
Eyecups ................................................................................................................................................................. 55
Eyeglass protection ring........................................................................................................................................ 55
Eyepiece reticle ............................................................................................................................................... 54, 80
Eyepieces ........................................................................................................................... 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 54
F
Field diaphragm .................................................................................................................................................... 88
Filter carrier .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Filter holder .......................................................................................................................................................... 73
Filter mount .......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Filter slider ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
Filter slider, reflected light.............................................................................................................................. 30, 32
Fine adjustment .......................................................................................................................22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Firmware update ................................................................................................................................................ 126
Fluorescence ................................................................................................................................................. 24, 116
Focusing drive .................................................................................................................... 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 83
Friction adjustment............................................................................................................................................... 58
Front lens ........................................................................................................................................................ 62, 81
H
Height stop on condenser carrier ......................................................................................................................... 83
I
Illumination and contrast methods .............................................................................................................. 81, 112
Indicator light ...........................................................................................................................22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Industrial property rights .................................................................................................................................... 132
Instrument care .................................................................................................................................................. 119
Instrument maintenance .................................................................................................................................... 120
Instrument safety ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Intended use ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Interface diagram ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Inter-pupillary distance......................................................................................................................................... 79
K
Keys ....................................................................................................................................................................... 34
KÖHLER ........................................................................................................................................................... 81, 84
L
LED illumination .................................................................................................................................................... 21
LED illuminator................................................................................................................................................ 64, 67

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LED selection knob ................................................................................................................................................ 24

Light intensity .......................................................................................................................... 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Light Manager ......................................................................................................................... 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Light Manager function ......................................................................................................................................... 77
Light sources.......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Low-power system .......................................................................................................................................... 41, 74
Luminous-field diaphragm ................................................................................................ 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 82
M
Maintenance ....................................................................................................................................................... 120
Materials stand...................................................................................................................................................... 32
Mechanical stage..................................................................................................................... 22, 24, 32, 38, 39, 57
Microscope stages ................................................................................................................................................. 38
Mode switch Permanent/ECO ......................................................................................................................... 28, 30
Modulator disk ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Mounting the Axiocam .......................................................................................................................................... 72
N
Nosepiece ........................................................................................................ 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 42, 55, 61, 81
O
Objective centering ............................................................................................................................................... 61
Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................ 55, 60
On/off switch ..................................................................................................................... 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 76
Operating modes ................................................................................................................................................... 43
Operation .............................................................................................................................................................. 79
OSD ........................................................................................................................................................................ 50
P
Path difference ...................................................................................................................................................... 94
Permanent/ECO mode switch ............................................................................................................. 22, 24, 26, 32
Phase contrast ....................................................................................................................................................... 87
Photo tube ......................................................................................................................... 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 35, 53
Pinhole diaphragm ................................................................................................................................................ 54
Polarization.................................................................................................................... 26, 28, 30, 89, 98, 109, 115
Polarization direction .................................................................................................................................... 91, 103
Polarizer............................................................................................................................................... 21, 42, 73, 90
Polarizer D, fixed, removable .................................................................................................................... 26, 28, 30
Power cord ............................................................................................................................................................ 52
Power supply ......................................................................................................................................................... 75
R
Reflected light ................................................................................................................. 30, 32, 112, 114, 115, 116
Reflected light (RL) button ........................................................................................................................ 24, 30, 32
Reflected light bright field ................................................................................................................................... 112
Reflected light dark field ..................................................................................................................................... 114
Reflected light fluorescence .......................................................................................................................... 24, 116
Reflected light illumination ............................................................................................................................. 30, 32
Reflected light polarization ................................................................................................................................. 115
Reflector module ............................................................................................................................................. 21, 56
Reflector turret................................................................................................................................................ 41, 56
Reflexion-pleochroism ........................................................................................................................................ 115

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Replacing the fuses ............................................................................................................................................. 120

Reticle ................................................................................................................................................................... 54
Rotary stage Pol ............................................................................. 26, 28, 30, 39, 59, 60, 89, 91, 95, 101, 103, 107
S
Service................................................................................................................................................................. 126
Setting up .............................................................................................................................................................. 51
Slot ...........................................................................................................................................22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Snap button .............................................................................................................................22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Specimen guide............................................................................................................................................... 39, 59
Specimen holder ............................................................................................................................................. 38, 39
Specimen holding plate ........................................................................................................................................ 39
Stage ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Stage carrier ..................................................................................................... 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 57, 59, 60, 62
Stage clip ............................................................................................................................................................... 59
Stand ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Stand models ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
Stands keys ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Start-up ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Switching on/off ................................................................................................................................................... 76
T
Technical data ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
Tool ....................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Tool kit storage ........................................................................................................................22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Transmitted light ..................................................................................... 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 81, 87, 89, 98, 109
Transmitted light (TL) button.................................................................................................................... 24, 30, 32
Transmitted light illumination .................................................................................................................. 24, 26, 28
Transmitted light illuminator .................................................................................................................... 22, 30, 32
Transmitted light phase contrast.......................................................................................................................... 87
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................................. 121
Tube ............................................................................................................................. 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 54
U
Unpacking ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
V
Vertical adjustment of condenser ...........................................................................................22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
Viewing height ................................................................................................................................................ 19, 79
W
Warning label ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Warranty ............................................................................................................................................................... 14
Weight................................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.3 Industrial property rights

Instruments, instrument components and methods described in this manual are protected by the following
patents:
− see label on microscope stand

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 APPENDIX
Axiolab 5 System overview ZEISS

6.4 System overview

See the following pages.

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 APPENDIX
Axiolab 5 System overview ZEISS

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 APPENDIX
Axiolab 5 System overview ZEISS

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 APPENDIX
Axiolab 5 System overview ZEISS

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