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Notes No. 4 Normal Distribution

The document discusses the normal distribution and how to calculate probabilities using the normal distribution curve. It defines key properties of the normal distribution including that it is bell-shaped and symmetrical about the mean. It provides examples of how to use normal distribution tables to find the area and probability corresponding to given z-values. It also describes how to calculate the area between two given z-values by adding or subtracting areas depending on whether the z-values have the same or different signs.

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25 views

Notes No. 4 Normal Distribution

The document discusses the normal distribution and how to calculate probabilities using the normal distribution curve. It defines key properties of the normal distribution including that it is bell-shaped and symmetrical about the mean. It provides examples of how to use normal distribution tables to find the area and probability corresponding to given z-values. It also describes how to calculate the area between two given z-values by adding or subtracting areas depending on whether the z-values have the same or different signs.

Uploaded by

nikkigabanto.24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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18

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY


(Notes No. 4, FINALS)

I. NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION is:
1. Commonly known as Normal Curve.
2. It is a distribution of data where the MEAN, MEDIAN and MODE are equal and the distribution
is clustered in the center.
3. It is a probability distribution of a continuous random variables. (When scores in a set of data
are ordered and their frequencies are noted, a pattern emerges.)
Frequency is the rate at which something occurs or repeated over a particular period of time
or in a given sample.
4. It is important in making inferences (interpretations or conclusions) in statistics.
5. It is a bell-shaped curve and is used to calculate probabilities concerning a population.

Properties of a NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION


1. It is bell-shaped
2. It is symmetrical about its center (Mean).
3. The Mean, Median and Mode are equal and they coincide at the center.
4. The width or the spread of the curve depends on the standard deviation of the distribution.
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal axis, always approaching the
horizontal axis but not touching it. The curve is asymptotic to the base line.
6. The area under the curve is 1. Thus it represents the probability or proportion or the percentage
associated with specific sets of measurement values

It is a normal probability distribution that has a Mean equal to zero (0) and a Standard
Deviation equal to one (1).

The area between –3 and +3 is almost 100% (but not yet 100%) because the curve
almost touches the horizontal line.
19

TABLE UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE


The row entries are the z-values. The column headings are z, .00, .01, .02, .03, and so on up
to .09. The column indicates the hundredth place of a z-value.
20

STEPS IN FINDING THE AREAS UNDER NORMAL CURVE


1. Express the given z-value into a 3-digit form.
2. Using the z-Table, find the first 2 digits on the left column.
3. Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right.
4. Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of the row and the column.
5. This is the required area.

Examples:
Number 1. Find the area that corresponds between z=0 and z=1.
(Note: Finding the area that corresponds to z=1 is the same as finding the area between z=0 and z=1.)

STEPS
1. Express the given into a 3-digit form. (z=1.00)
2. In the Table, find the Row z=1.0
3. In the Table, find the column with the heading .00
4. Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of Row 1.0 and the column .00
ANSWER: Area = 0.3413 and the probability = 34.13%.

Number 2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.36


STEPS
1. Express the given into a 3-digit form. (z=1.36)
2. In the Table, find the Row z=1.3
3. In the Table, find the column with the heading .06
4. Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of Row 1.3 and the column .06
ANSWER: Area = 0.4131 and the probability = 41.31%.

Number 3. Find the area that corresponds to z = - 2.58


(In the z-table, the area that corresponds to –2.58 is the same as the area that corresponds to z = 2.58.
When you graph z = -2.58 in the normal curve, it is located on the left side of the mean while z = 2.58 is
located on the right side of the mean.)

STEPS
1. Express the given into a 3-digit form. (z = -2.58)
1. In the Table, find the Row z = 2.5
2. In the Table, find the column with the heading .08
3. Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of Row 2.5 and the column .08
ANSWER: Area = 0.4951 and the probability = 49.51%.

HOW TO FIND THE AREA BETWEEN THE 2 GIVEN Z’s


Rules:
1. If the two z’s are both positive or both negative in values, subtract the areas
2. If the two z’s have different signs, add the areas.

Examples:

Number 1. Find the area between z = -1.23 and z = 0.25


STEPS:
1. Find the area that corresponds to z = - 1.23. Z -1,23 = 0.3907
2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 0.25. Z0.25 = 0.0987
3. Since the two z’s have different signs, we will add the areas.
Area: = 0.3907 + 0.0987 = 0.4894
Probability = 48.94%

Number 2. Find the area from z = 1.72 to z = 2.74


STEPS:
1. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.72. z1.72 = 0.4573
2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 2.74. z2.74 = 0.4969
3. Since both z’s are positive (they have the same signs) subtract the smaller area from the bigger area.
Area: = 0.4969 −¿ 0.4573 = 0.0396
Probability = 3.96%
21

ACTIVITY: Find the corresponding area and probability of the following:

1. z = 0.96 Answer: _______________ 11. z = 3.07 Answer: _______________

2. z = 1.32 Answer: _______________ 12. z = 2.10 Answer: _______________

3. z = 1.28 Answer: _______________ 13. z = −¿ 1.95 Answer: _______________

4. z = 0.35 Answer: _______________ 14. z = 2.48 Answer: _______________

5. z = 0.67 Answer: _______________ 15. z = −¿ 3.06 Answer: _______________

6. z = 0.89 Answer: _______________ 16. z = 2.90 Answer: _______________

7. z = 0.58 Answer: _______________ 17. z = 3.00 Answer: _______________

8. z = 1.04 Answer: _______________ 18. z = 3.06 Answer: _______________

9. z = 1. 27 Answer: _______________

10. z = 1.72 Answer: _______________

19. Between z = 1.56 and z = 2.96 Answer: _______________

20. Between z = -1.32 and z = -3 Answer: _______________

21. Between z = 1.56 and z = -2.96 Answer: _______________

22. Between z = 1.75 and z = -2.4 Answer: _______________

23. Between z = -0.34 and z = 2.52 Answer: _______________

24. Between z = -2.23 and z = 2.15 Answer: _______________

25. Between z = -2 and z = -3 Answer: _______________

Sources: 1. Conceptual Math and Beyond Statistics and Probability


By: Jose M. Ocampo, Jr. Ph.D. and Wilmer G. Marquez, M.A.
2. Statistics & Probability for Senior High Schools
By: Christian Paul O. Chan Shio and Maria Angeli T. Reyes
3. Statistics and Probability
By: Rene R. Belecina, Elisa S. Baccay and Efren B. Mateo
4. Elementary Statistics with computer applications by: Altares, et.al

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