N : Natural numbers

(1, 2, 3, …) Even numbers: 2, 4, 6, ...

Test of Divisibility
W : Whole numbers Odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, ...
(0, 1, 2, …) Shortcuts to check the given
Prime numbers number is divisible by 2, 3,
I or Z: Integers Divisible by 1 and itself
(–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3 …) 5, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 13
Co-Prime numbers
Q : Rational numbers
Their H.C.F. is 1
(p/q, p, q are integers, q≠0)
R : Real numbers Composite numbers To check number is prime
(All numbers, including irrationals Have more then two factors • Choose ‘K’ such that K2 ≥ l
like 3 , 2 + 3 , 3 5, etc. (It can be both Odd and Even) • Find the primes less than K
e.g., 4, 6, 8, 9, 10...... • If those do not divide ‘l’,
prime
then ‘l’ is p

a+b Counting number of

• A.M. =
2 zeros at the end of n!
• G.M. = ab is integral value of
• A.M. ≥ G.M. n n n
( + + + ...
)
Number System 5 5 2 53

• Term in A.P. are a, a + d, a + 2d …

2
• Term in G.P. are a, ar, ar …
H.C.F. and L.C.M.
A.P. G.P. • Highest Common Factor
• Tr = ar n −1 • Least Common Multiple
• Tn = a + ( n − 1) d • Methods to find factorization / division
n a 1 − rn
( ) • a × b = H.C.F. (a, b) × L.C.M. (a, b)
• Sn = 2 a + ( n - 1) d • S n =
[ ] ,r < 1
2 1−r H.C.F. of Numerators
• H.C.F. of fractions =
n a rn − 1 L.C.M. of Denominators
• Sn = ( a + l ) ( )
2 • Sn = ,r > 1
(Where l = last term) r −1 L.C.M. of Numerators
• L.C.M. of fractions =
H.C.F. of Denominators

Division Algorithm
Trace the Mind Map
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder 
First Level Second Level Third Level
 2

V BODMAS Rule Square Root and Cube Root

V means Vinculum or bar. (The bar you see on the top of the values x) l  k2 l  k3
B means Brackets - ( ) {} [ ] l is square of k l is cube of k
O means of [i.e., Powers and square roots, etc.] k is square root of l k is cube root of l
D means Division []
M means Multiplication [] Methods of finding Method of finding
A means Addition [] • Prime factorization • Prime factorization
S means Subtraction [] method method
a, a  0 • Division method
Modulus: a  
a, a  0

Rules of Indices
m
Fractions a n  a m n
• a 
a am mn
; a, b I • n a
b Simplification a
and b  o
Types of Fractions
• Proper fractions, improper
fractions, like fractions unlike Rules of Surds
fractions, mixed fraction, 1
continuous fraction • n
Some Root Value a  an
m
• 2  1.414 • m p  p
• 3  1.732

Decimals • 5  11  19  29  49  3
• Recurring decimals
• Non - recurring decimals
• Decimal fractions Trace the Mind Map 
First Level Second Level Third Level
Oswaal CDS Year-wise Solved Papers
 Identities: Long division
Multiplication method
• Addition of
of each and Factor
like terms
• every term method
Mind maps physics

•
Variables Division
Operation on Identities:
• not fixed values
e.g., x, y2, etc. Algebraic term •
•
•
Subtraction •
of like terms
•
Constants fixed value
e.g., 3, 4, 5, etc. Algebraic Quadratic equation
(Degree two)
Expressions
Degree of the Roots of quadratic
equation  highest equation - solutions
power of x in the Solving  Factor method of a quadratic equa-
equation tion are called roots

Linear equations Identities:

(Degree one)
Identities: •
Two variable • b
•
a
One variable • c
•
a
•
Solving  Elimination
• method Trace the Mind Map 
• First Level Second Level Third Level
3
 4

(n + 1) (2n 1) If the average of n1 number is a1 and the average of n2

• Average of 12, 22, 32, 42, 52 … n2 = 6 numbers is a2, then the average of total numbers n1 and n2 ,
2
n  n  1 n1 a1  n2 a2
• Average of 13, 23, 33 …… n3 = Average =
4 n1  n2

The Average of first n consecutive even

Natural numbers i.e., 2, 4, 6, …. 2n = n + 1 Problems on Ages
The Average of first n consecutive odd
natural numbers i.e., 1, 3, 5, …..(2n – 1) = n Puzzle type
Questions Based
verage and
Average
A on Ages of a
• If the current age is x, then the age after n years Person
will be (x + n) years.
• If the current age is x, then the age years before
Problems on
will be (x – n) years.
 If
• the age is given in the form of a ratio, for Ages Solving using known
example, p : q, then the ages shall be considered Mathematical tools
as px and qx, repectively.
• If the current age is x, then n times the current
age will be (x × n)
1 Average
• If the current age to be x, then n of the age
x (Arithmetic Mean)
will be equal to   years.
n

k number of observations with Trace the Mind Map 

n1, n, ... nk numbers having Sum of Observations
A First Level Second Level Third Level
A1, A2, …… Ak averages Total Number of Observations
respectively.
Then, Combined average
Oswaal CDS Year-wise Solved Papers

n1 A1  n A   .....  nk A k n1
 Average of first n terms =
n1  n  .......  nk 2
 If a man sells two similar
objects, one at a loss of
x% and another at a gain • If x is reduced to x0,
n
of x%, then he always x − x0  R 
then Reduction % = × 100 Value after n years = P  1 − 
incurs loss in this x  100 
transaction and loss% is • If x is increased to x1,
Mind maps physics

x2 x1− x
% then, Increment x1 % = ×100 Po
P
Population
100 x Depreciation
after
aafft n years
Fraction to % n
 R 
• Cost Price (C.P.) ndred
un
‘Per’ hundred 3 = P1 + 
denotedd by % × 100 = 75%  100 
• Selling Price (S.P.) 4
• Marked Price (M.P.)
• Profit-Loss
Profit Loss (P-L)
(P L)
Profit / Loss % tto fraction
50
• Profit = S.P. – C.P. 50
50% =
Percentage
age 100
• Loss = C.P. – S.P.
P
• Profit % = × 100% More/less s Percentage
ss tage
C.P. Discount = Marked Price – Selling Price
L • A is R % more than B, then B is
= × 100% discount han
less than
n A by b
• Loss % C.P. Discount % = × 100
Marked price  R 
Discount
unt  × 100 %
x − y  R + 100 
• Gain/Loss% =   × 100 If an article is sold at D% discount, then
 y  • A is R% less than B, then B is more
 100 − D  S.P × 100 than A by
  gain   S.P = MP   or MP =
 100 ±  loss    100  100 − D  R 
=    × C.P.  × 100 %
• S.P.  100 − R 
 100 
  • If a% and b% are two succeissive losses then (negative sign shown
 
Where x = S.P., ab
loss and positive sign shows profit). Total loss % = [−a − b + ]
y = C.P. 100
• If an object is sold on r% loss, • If a% profit and b% loss occur, simultaneously then overall loss or  xy 
Single discount =  x + y − %
ab  100 
then, S.P. =
[ 100 − Loss%] × C.P. profit % is [a − b − ]%
100 100 where x and y are two successive
100 loss  ab  discounts.
or C.P. = ×S.P. • If a% loss and b% profit occur then, total is  −a + b − %
profit  100 
[ 100 − Loss%]
(−ve sign for loss, +ve sign for profit)

Trace the Mind Map 

First Level Second Level Third Level
5
 6

Sub-duplicate ratio Mixed ratio Quantity of cheaper C.P. of dearer Mean price
Let x:y and P:Q 
a:b a : b Triplicate ratio Quantity of dearer Mean price  C.P. of cheaper
a : b  a3 : b 3 be two ratio then, Px:Qy is
Called mixed ratio.
Duplicate ratio
a : b  a2 : b 2 Sub-triplicate ratio
Active Partner Sleeping Partner
a:b3a : 3a

Alligation
a
Ratio: or a : b
b Partners Who invest in a Business

Ratio & Proportion/

Ratio and Proportion Partnership
Alligation & Partnership
If a : b :: c : d
then ad = bc
Proportion
a c Invertendo Partnership Share in a Business,
a : b  c : d or  a c b d
b d a : b :: b : c, c is Properties    Joint venture, etc.
third proportion b d a c
Directly proportional
Compound Partnership
If x  ky, where k is a
ab is mean proportion of a and b Alternendo
constant.
It is written as x  y a c a b
   Simple Partnership
a : b :: c : d b d c d
d is forth proportion
Componendo
Inversely proportional Componendo – Dividendo Dividendo a c ab cd
k a c ab cd a c ab cd   
If x  where k is a constant.       b d b d
y b d ab c d b d b d
1
It is written as x 
y
Trace the Mind Map 
First Level Second Level Third Level
Oswaal CDS Year-wise Solved Papers
 n
R 
Compounded Annually, Amount = P  1 + 
4n  100 
R/4 
Compounded Quarterly, Amount =P  1 + 
 100 

2n
Mind maps physics

 R 
  Compound Interest
Compounded Half Yearly, Amount = P  1 + 2 
100  n
   
  r 
C.I .= P 1+ – 1
 100  
12 n
 R 
Compounded Monthly, Amount = P  1 + 
 12 × 100 

If a sum is to be deposited
in equal installments,
A × 200
Simple Interest
estt and
then, equal installments =
T  200 + ( T − 1 ) r 
where P = Principal Compound Interest
T = Time (in years) Amount = Principal + C.I.
A = Amount or
R, r = Rate of interest per annum C.I. = Amount – Principal

The difference between C.I.

S.I. × 100
S.I. × 100 Rate =
Ra and S.I. obtained on ` P at
Simple Interest Time = PT
PR r % per annum for 2 years is
2
 r  P r 2 ( 300 + r )
P  and 3 years is
 100  (100 )
PTR
Amount = Principal + S.I. Simple Interest =
100 S.I × 100
Principal =
TR

Trace the Mind Map 

First Level Second Level Third Level
7
 8

Total work done = Number of days × Efficiency

1 Work done = Time taken × Rate of work
Time taken =
Rate of work If M1 men can finish W1 work in D1
or Work man days, working T1 time each day and
Efficiency
Man-Day
1 ↑ more efficiency, M2 men finish W2 work in D2 days,
Rate of work =
Time taken ↑ more work done working T2 time then, Relation is
M1 × D1 × T1 M × D 2 × T2
↓ less efficiency,
efficiency = 2
W1 W2
Efficiency and Time are ↓ less work done Time & Workk
inversely proportional to
each other If M1 men can finish W1 work in D1
days and M2 men can finish W2 work
A and B need x and y days to in D2 days then, Relation is
complete the work, A & B together Similar to time & work, deals with M1 D1 M D
xy problems on filling and emptying the tank = 2 2
need days W1 W2
x+y
‘A’ can finish a work in x hours,
A, B and C complete the work in x, y Pipes & Cisterns then work done by A in
and z days. 1
one hour =
Together they complete the work in x
xyz
days
xy + yz + zx

Tank
A and B together need x days to Inlet treated as
+ve work 1 m3 = 1000 litre
complete the work and A need
Outlet treated
y days to complete the work.
as –ve work
xy When two pipes fills and one pipe empty, then (F2 + F2 – E) m
Then B needs days If x can finish part of the work in
4−x n
D days, then total time taken to finish
Working together A & B need x days A needs x days, B is k times efficient Fills tank in x hours, then part filled the work
B & C need y days & A & C need z 1 n×D
than A in one hour = x=
days to complete the work together x m
x
2xyz Then A and B together need
A, B & C need days 1+ k Trace the Mind Map
xy + yz + zx 
Oswaal CDS Year-wise Solved Papers

days
First Level Second Level Third Level
 Conversion of units of speed
Distance = Speed × Time
or 5
Trains of equal lengths crossing each otherr 1 km /h = m/s
Distance 18
Speed =
Trains having length a and b and  2t1 t2 (Opposite Time 18
 1 m /s = km / h
Speeds x and y  t1 + t2 direction) 5
crossing each other then, Time = 
Mind maps physics

 2t t
1 2 (Same
  a + b  (Opposite Average speed when
   t2 − t1 direction)
  x + y  direction) distance is same
Time =  2AB
  a + b  (Same Avg. Speed =
  x − y  direction) A +B
  
(where A and B are
two speeds)
Total Distance = Distance + Length of the train
Average speed when time is
Length of a train = Speed × Time
Speed, Time and Distance A+B
same = , where A and B
2
are two speeds
Distance travelled to cross a Problem on Trains
ains
bridge/platform of length y m,
Total distance
by a train of x m is (x + y) Average speed =
Boat and Stream Total time
Relative speed
Train 1 − x km/h If a : b is the ratio of speed,
Distance travelled to cross Speed
d = SB – S S
Train 2 − y km/h then b : a is the ratio of time
a pole/man by a train Upstream Downstream
Downstrea
eamm
Same direction of length x.
Speed = SB + SS
Relative Speed = (x − y) km/h Speed of Boat in still
1 water → x km/h
Speed of stream = (Downstream speed
2 − Upstream speed) Speed of stream → y km/h
Opposite direction
Relative Speed = (x + y) km/h 1
Speed of Boat in still water =
Upstream speed = (x− y) km/h 2
Downstream speed × Upstream speed (Downstream speed + Upstream
Average speed =
Speed in still water Downstream speed = (x + y) km/h speed)

Trace the Mind Map 

First Level Second Level Third Level
9
 A= Area TSA =Total Surface Area
10

P=Perimeter LSA = Lateral Surface Area

C=Circumference CSA = Curved Surafec Area

Room Cube
Cylinder
• Total area of wall
Cuboid
Right angle triangle = 2(l + b) × h
• Total volume of the room h V = a3
b V = πr 2 h
Scalene triangle TSA = 6 a 2 h
=l×b×h l CSA = 2 πrh
LSA = 4 a 2 CSA = 2(l + b)h
Equilateral triangle TSA = 2 πrh + 2 πr 2
1
1 A= bh
A= bh 2 V = lbh
2 P = a+b+c
P = a+b+c 3 2 TSA = 2 (lb + bh + lh )
A= a
4 Sphere Cone
Rectangle
Rhombus P = 3a 4
A = lb V = πr 3
Square 3 3D Mensuration
P = 2 ( l + b) 2 TSA = 4 πr 2
1 A=a
A= d1 d2 Hemisphere 1 2 l h
2 P = 4a V= πr h
Circle P = 4a 2 3
V = πr 3
a 3 CSA = π rl
A = πr 2 Mensuration TSA = 3πr 2 TSA = π r (l + r )
C = 2 πr CSA = 2 πr 2
b
Trapezium
Frustum of Cone
1 If a cone is cut by a plane parallel to the base, so
2D Mensuration A= (a + b) h
d 2 c as to divide the cone into upper part and
Sector of a circle P = a+b+c+d lower part, then the lower part is called
θ
A= πr 2 Regular a frustum. r
360 Hexagon 2
r Parallelogram ● Slant height (l) = h2 + (R − r )
πr θ
P = 2r + Sector
180° A = B× h ● Curved surface area = π(R + r)l h l = Slant
3 3 2 ● Total surface area height
A= a P = 2 (a + b)
Semi-circle 2 π( R + r )l + π( R 2 + r 2 )
P = 6a πh 2 R
πr 2 Regular pentagon Volume = (r + R2 + rR)
A= 3
2 Where, r = radius of top, R = radius of base
1 5 + 5 +2 2 a 2
C = r (π + 2 ) A= ( ) h = height, l = slant height
4

Trace the Mind Map 

First Level Second Level Third Level
Oswaal CDS Year-wise Solved Papers
 Trigonometry Ratios Table Pythagoras theorem
30 45 60 90° Consider the triangle given below
Angles (In Degrees) 0 • On Y-axis [90  θ, 270  0]
    where a is the perpendicular sin  cos, sec  cosec
Angles (In Radians) 0
6 4 3 2 b is the base, c is the and tan  cot
1 1 3 hypotenuse. a c
sin A 0 1  • On X-axis 180  , 360  0 ]
Mind maps physics

2 2 2 c2 = a2 + b2 b sin  sin, cos  cos

3 1 1 similarly, for other
cos A 1 0 trigonometric ratios.
2 2 2
1  (not
tan A 0 1 3 Fundamental relation
3 defined)
1
Radian • = cosec 
Degree sin 
 180  180 = C 1
Trigonometry Formulas RC =   • = sec 
   cos 
BC P
• sin A = = 1
AC H • = cot 
C tan 
AB B Trigonometry
g y
• cos A = =
AC H ) Trigonometric Functions
BC P (H
• tan A = = se Trigonometric Identities   ∵   
AB B nu • sin    = cos   90 
o te • sin2  + cos2  = 1 2   2 
AC H yp • 1 + tan2  = sec2 
• cosec A = = H  
BC P • 1 + cot2  = cosec2  • Domain • cos    = sin 

Perpendicular (P)
• Range 2 
AC H sin 
A Base (B) B • tan   • Period
• sec A = AB = B cos   
• tan    = cot 
AB B Height and Distance 2 
• cot A = = Elevation and Depression Angles
BC P  
A O B • cot    = tan 
180 2 
• Angle in Degrees = Angle in Radians = of
 ngle ssion  
180 A pre
• 1 radians = on • sec    = cosec 
 de va ti 2 
B f e le
le o
A ng  
O • cosec    = sec 
A 2 

Trace the Mind Map 

First Level Second Level Third Level
11
 12

Altitude: ⊥r drawn from Sum of interior angles

vertex to opposite side. with ‘n’ sides = (n – 2)180°
Orthocentre: Intersection of Regular Polygon • Parallel lines
all altitudes Measure of • Transverse lines
each Angle
g =
(n − 2 ) 180 °
n
Polygons Equation of straight line in different form
Median: Joining vertex to the
midpoint of the opposite side. Sum of exterior angles 360° • Slope-point: y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Centroid: Intersection of y − y1 x − x1
medians Line • Two points: =
Right angle, x = 90°° y 2 − y1 x 2 − x 1
Equilateral, Isosceles, Acute angle, x < 90°
90° • Slope-intercepts: y = mx + c
Scalene, Right Angled Obtuse angle, x > 90°° x y
• Intercept: + = 1
a b
Similar Triangle Angle • General form: Ax + by + c = 0
• All angles are equal Triangles
• Sides are proportional
2
area ∆ 1  S1  Co-ordinate Geometry
= 
area ∆ 2  S 2  Geometry
metry
etry • Distance formula:
2 2
Circumcircle PQ = 2 1 2
(x − x ) + ( y − y ) 1
Congruency Equations of circle
• All sides are equal Incircle • x2 + y2 = a2 • Section formula:
2
• All angles are equal • (x – h) + (y – k)2 = a2  mx + nx1 my 2 + ny1 
2 2 A(x, y) =  2 ,
• x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 
Types of triangle on  m+n m+n 
Circless where centre (–g, –f)
the Basis of Sides and r = g2 + f 2 − c
 x + x 2 y1 + y 2 
• Midpoint =  1 , 
• Scalene triangle  2 2 
• Isosceles triangle Secant • Centroid:
• Equilateral triangle • Touches in 2 pts  x + x 2 + x 3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 
• Properties of secant G=  1 , 
 3 3 
On the Basis of Angles Tangents • Area of
• Acute angled triangle • Touches at one point Cyclic Quadrilateral
1
• Right angled triangle • ⊥r to radius • Quadrilateral inscribed in a circle ∆ = x1 ( y 2 − y3 )+ x 2 ( y3 − y1 )+ x 3 ( y1 − y 2 )]
[(
• Opposite angles are supplementary 2
• Obtuse angled triangle • Two tangents drawn from m
• Points A, B and C are collinear if
external point are equal
(i) AB + BC = AC
(ii) Area of ∆ABC = 0

Trace the Mind Map 

First Level Second Level Third Level
Oswaal CDS Year-wise Solved Papers
 250
Line Graph Complex Table:
Graphs 200 More than one attribute or
150 characteristic of the data are
Pie-Chart
Mind maps physics

presented.
100

50

0
15% 10% Simple Table:
A B C D
In a simple table, only one
20%
attribute (quality) or specialty
25%
Bar Graphs Tables of the data is presented
30% Data Interpretation
Representing data
Systematically in Rows
Simple Bar Graph
h and Columns
Multiple Bar Graph
h Sub-divided Bar Graph
Angle of a sector
Value of the sector
4000 = × 360°
40 Total value
500
3000
Value of sector
30 400
Angle of the sector
300 = × Total value
20 2000 360°
200
10 100 1000
0
0 0
2015 2016 2017
2012 2013 2014 A B
Year
Year Trace the Mind Map 
First Level Second Level Third Level
13