Rizal Technological University

Chapter
III

Dynamics of
Rigid Bodies

Engr. Nestor Competente

Professor
 Projectile
What Is Projectile?
A projectile is any object thrown into space upon which the
only acting force is gravity. The primary force acting on a
projectile is gravity. This doesn’t necessarily mean that
other forces do not act on it, just that their effect is minimal
compared to gravity. The path followed by a projectile is
known as a trajectory. A baseball batted or thrown is an
example of a projectile.

https://byjus.com/physics/projectile-motion/
 Projectile
.

https://byjus.com/physics/projectile-motion/
 Projectile Motion
What Is Projectile Motion?
When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface, it moves along a curved path under constant
acceleration directed towards the center of the earth (we assume that the particle remains close to the
earth’s surface). The path of such a particle is called a projectile, and the motion is called projectile
motion.
In a Projectile Motion, there are two simultaneous independent rectilinear motions:
1.Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for the horizontal (forward) motion of the particle.
2.Along the y-axis: uniform acceleration, responsible for the vertical (downwards) motion of the particle.
Acceleration in the horizontal projectile motion and vertical projectile motion of a particle: When a
particle is projected in the air with some speed, the only force acting on it during its time in the air is
the acceleration due to gravity (g). This acceleration acts vertically downward. There is no acceleration in
the horizontal direction, which means that the velocity of the particle in the horizontal direction remains
constant.

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 Review of Derivation Projectile Formula in Physics
(Watch the four videos before the next slide)
1. 6 Basic Projectile Formula
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=zuFs17Nf41c)
 Review of Derivation Projectile Formula in Physics
(Watch the four videos before the next slide)
2. Projectile Motion Time of Flight Formula Derivation (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH4eLSCm0Dw)
 Review of Derivation Projectile Formula in Physics
(Watch the four videos before the next slide)
3. Projectile Motion Maximum Height Formula Derivation
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Okh0ZDiqokE)
Review of Derivation Projectile Formula in Physics
(Watch the four videos before the next slide)
4. Projectile Motion x-y Trajectory Equation Derivation
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdyLo2ShOCw)
A. Points A and B have the same level

Vertical distance of highest point of projectile above A

V22 = (V Sin θ)2 - 2gh

0 = V2 Sin2 θ - 2gh

𝑉2 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ
h= 2𝑔
A. Points A and B have the same level

Location of point C at a Velocity at C

distance x From A

𝑔 𝑥2
y = x tan θ - 2 𝑉2 𝐶𝑜𝑠2 θ
Vc = (𝑉𝑥)2 + (𝑉𝑦)2
A. Points A and B have the same level

Time it will hit the ground at B Time to travel from A to C

𝑉2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 θ
R= 𝑔
(𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒) x = V Cos θ t1
R = V Cos θ t
𝑥
t1 = 𝑉 𝐶𝑜𝑠 θ
𝑅
t=
𝑉 𝐶𝑜𝑠 θ
B. Points A and B are of different levels

Distance of B from A if y is known

𝑔 𝑥2 Note:
y = x tan θ - 2 𝑉2 𝐶𝑜𝑠2 θ y is negative since it is below
the x-axis
solve for x.
B. Points A and B are of different levels

Time to reach point B Highest point of projectile

x = V Cos θ t V22 = (V1)2 - 2gh

0 = (V Sin θ)2 - 2gh
𝑥
t= 𝑉 𝐶𝑜𝑠 θ
𝑉2 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ
h= 2𝑔
B. Points A and B are of different levels

Velocity of impact at B

Vyb2 = V12 + 2g y
Vx = V Cos θ

VB = (𝑉𝑦𝐵)2 + (𝑉𝑥)2
C. Projectile with inclined
surface

Location of highest point of projectile

V22 = V12 - 2gh

0 = (V Sin θ)2 - 2gh

𝑉2 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ
h=
2𝑔
C. Projectile with inclined
surface

Time of travel from A to B Vertical location of B from A

x = V Cos θ t
𝑔 𝑥2
𝑥 - y = x tan θ - 2 𝑉2 𝐶𝑜𝑠2 θ
t=
𝑉 𝐶𝑜𝑠 θ
C. Projectile with inclined
surface

Maximum range R
Velocity of impact at B
y = R Sin 𝛼

R=
𝑦 VB = (𝑉𝑦𝐵)2 + (𝑉𝑥)2
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼
𝑥
R= 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼
 Sample Problems:
Example 1
A ball is shot at a ground level at an angle of 60 degree
with the horizontal with an initial velocity of 100 m/s.

a. What is the height of the ball after 2 sec.

b. What is the velocity of the ball after 2 sec.
c. What time it will take for the ball to hit the ground.
 Solution:
A ball is shot at a ground level at an angle of 60
degree with the horizontal with an initial velocity of
100 m/s.

a. What is the height of the ball after 2 sec.

Height of the ball after 2 sec. 𝑔𝑥 2

y= x tan 𝜃 − 2 2
x = V cos𝜃 𝑡 2𝑉 𝐶𝑂𝑆 𝜃
2
9.81(100)
x = 100 cos 600 (2) y=100 tan 600 - 2(100)2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 600
x = 100 m
y= 153.59 m
Solution:
A ball is shot at a ground level at an angle of 60
degree with the horizontal with an initial velocity of
100 m/s.

b. What is the velocity of the ball after 2 sec.

Velocity of the ball after 2 sec:

𝑉3 = V cos 𝜃 = 100 cos 600 = 50 m/s
𝑉22 = 𝑉12 - 2gy
but 𝑉1 = V sin 𝜃 = 100 m/s sin 600 = 86.6 m/s
𝑉22 = 86.62 -2(9.81)(153.59) = 66.98 m/s
V = 𝑉22 + 𝑉32
V= (66.98)2 +502
V= 83.58 m/s
 Solution:
A ball is shot at a ground level at an angle of
60 degree with the horizontal with an initial
velocity of 100 m/s.

c. the time it will take for the ball to hit the

ground.

Time will take to hit the ground:

𝑉 2 sin 2𝜃
R= 9
(100)2 sin 2(600 )
R= =
882.79 m
9.81
But R = x = V cos 𝜃 𝑡
882.79 m = 100 m/s cos 600 t
t=17.66 sec
 Sample Problems:

Example 2
A stone is thrown from a hill at an angle of 60
degree with the horizontal at an initial velocity of 30
m/sec. After hitting level ground at the base of the
hill, the stone has covered a horizontal distance of
150 m. How high is the hill?
 Solution:
A stone is thrown from a hill at an angle of 60
degree with the horizontal at an initial velocity of
30 m/sec. After hitting level ground at the base
of the hill, the stone has covered a horizontal
distance of 150 m. How high is the hill?

x= V cos 𝜃 ∙ 𝑡 1
y= V sin 𝜃 ∙ 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 2
150 m =30 cos 600 ∙ 𝑡 But y= -h
t= 10 secs. 1
-h =30 sin 60 ∙ 10 − 2 (9.81)(10)2
0

-h = 259.8-490.5
h= 230.7 m
 Sample Problems:

Example 3
A projectile is fired with an initial velocity of
60 m/sec. upward at an angle of 30
degree to the horizontal from a point 80 m.
above a level plain. What horizontal
distance will it cover before it strikes the
plain?
Solution:
A projectile is fired with an initial velocity of 60
m/sec. upward at an angle of 30 degree to the
horizontal from a point 80 m. above a level
plain. What horizontal distance will it cover
before it strikes the plain?

𝑔𝑥 2
y= x tan 𝜃 − 2 2
2𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
9.81𝑥 2
-80 = x tan 300 -
2(60)2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 300
2
-80= 0.5774x- 0.001817𝑥
0.001817𝑥 2 -0.5774x -80 = 0
x= 422 m.
 Sample Problems:

Example 4
A ball is thrown so that it just clears a 3
m. fence 18 m. away. If it left the hand
1.5 m. above the ground and at an
angle of 60 degree with the horizontal,
what was the initial velocity of the ball?
Solution:
A ball is thrown so that it just clears a 3 m.
fence 18 m. away. If it left the hand 1.5 m.
above the ground and at an angle of 60
degree with the horizontal, what was the
initial velocity of the ball?

𝑔𝑥 2
y= x tan 𝜃 − 2 2
2𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
9.81(18) 2
1.5 = 18 tan 600 - 2𝑉 2 𝐶𝑂𝑆2 600
6356.88
-29.677= -
𝑉2
V= 14.64 m/s