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Eaxm 1 Notes

1. This document provides an overview of different types of differential equations and methods for solving them, including: - Linear and nonlinear equations - Initial value problems - Mathematical models like population growth and disease spread - Separable and exact equations - First order linear equations 2. Key steps for solving differential equations are rearranging terms, integrating both sides, solving for constants using initial values, and plugging back into the equation. 3. Additional methods include using integrating factors to transform nonlinear equations into exact equations so standard solution techniques can be applied.

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35 views2 pages

Eaxm 1 Notes

1. This document provides an overview of different types of differential equations and methods for solving them, including: - Linear and nonlinear equations - Initial value problems - Mathematical models like population growth and disease spread - Separable and exact equations - First order linear equations 2. Key steps for solving differential equations are rearranging terms, integrating both sides, solving for constants using initial values, and plugging back into the equation. 3. Additional methods include using integrating factors to transform nonlinear equations into exact equations so standard solution techniques can be applied.

Uploaded by

luquedonascimento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here is an

example
1.1 Linear if: of a
nonlinear
1.2 Initial Value problems: For these problems try this format described or just plug in parameters
(given points) and find the C’s, then plug back into equation!
1- Re-arrange (y’s on left and x’s on right like y ∙ dy=x ∙ dx then integrate both sides.
2- ‘Solve’ for y and the plug given points and find C.

3- Plug back C values and voila! You have your equation! 😊

1.3 Mathematical models:


dy
Population growth: P' ( t ) ∝ P (growth is proportional to population) or =k ∙ P (similar for Radio. Decay)
dx
dT
 Newton’ cooling/warming: =k (T −T m ) because rate is proportional to temp and ambient temp.
dt
dy dy
Spread of disease: when x- contracted, y- not contracted so =k ∙ x ∙ y or =k ∙ x ∙(n−x)
dx dx
 Mixtures: A being #salt (A) then
dA
dt
=R s ∙∈¿− R ¿ but R¿
s ∙out
lb
min ( )
=S . Conc¿ (
lb
gal
)∗Brine
R .∈¿(
gal
min
)¿

A
But Rout =( S .Conc out )∗(Brine R . out ) but Rout = ∗(5 gal /min)
¿ gal (vol)
A
 Rout = ∗Rout when there are two different rates. Because V= 300+t
300+ t
dx
For the spread of disease: =k ∙ x (n+ 1−x) where n is community size, x is ‘contagiados’, 1 is introduced person, this (n+1-x) =
dt
y which y = not yet spread.

2.2 Separable Equations


 Separate both sides, dy and dx, then integrate them. Ps: any “many” c’s value make just one C.
Very similar to the initial value problems (1.2) so rearrange, integrate both sides, solve for y and
plug points and find C, Plug back into y and there you have it.

(2.3) 1st Order Linear Differential Equations


1-Write equation in general form: y ' + p ( x ) ∙ y=Q( x ) and 2- Determine Int. Fac. e∫ P( x)dx
1
3- Then write general solution: ∙{∫ ( I . F . ) ∙ Q ( x ) dx +C } and solve for y. If that proves too difficult try instead:
∫ . Fac .
A- multiply both sides by I.F. , then B- integrate both sides, and C- solve for y. **acknowledge that left side before integration is
just deri. of (I . F .)∙ y **

2.4 Exact Equations 1- Take partials My and Nx to see if exact 2- then take M and integrate to dx (or N to dy if it’s easier)
keep y as constant (don’t forget ‘floating constant’ f(y)) {ex. x 7 ∙ y + x ∙ e y +f ( y) }
3- Now, take this result (integrated thing) and partial y {ex. x 7 + x ∙ e y + f ' ( y) } including the floating.
4- Now equate this new result (partial y) to the original N equation 5- find value of floating f’(y) then integrate it to get f(y) {ex.
2
− y +C } and plug this result into step #3 integrated thing.
Not- Exact equations: 1-After you have checked, we need to find integrating factors: we try to figure out if is a function of x
M y −N x N x −M y N −M
∫ M x y
alone: if not we would use the function of y alone: then in this case it would be ( )
N M u x =e dy
M y− N x
@ If yes, then use the result to find Int.Fac. ∫
u ( x )=e N
dx 3- Now, multiply the I.F to the original Diff. Equa.
**Now that they are exact, repeat the same process for exact equations now.
3
x
Remember int. by parts so u ∙ v−∫ v ∙ du so example ∫ x ∙ ln ( x ) dx u = ln (x) and du = 1/x dx and dv =x2 and v=
2
so
3
plug and integrate. ** u should be the one that is easiest to find deri.
Beware: when sin 2x means 2sin(x)*cos(x).

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