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6 June 2022

A package in Java is a grouping of related classes, interfaces and sub-packages. There are built-in packages provided by Java and user-defined packages can also be created. Some important built-in packages include java.lang, java.util, java.io, java.awt, and java.net. Packages are used to organize code and control accessibility between classes. The package statement defines what package a Java file belongs to, and import statements are used to make classes from other packages accessible. Access modifiers like public, private, protected and default determine which classes can access fields and methods within a class.

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14 views11 pages

6 June 2022

A package in Java is a grouping of related classes, interfaces and sub-packages. There are built-in packages provided by Java and user-defined packages can also be created. Some important built-in packages include java.lang, java.util, java.io, java.awt, and java.net. Packages are used to organize code and control accessibility between classes. The package statement defines what package a Java file belongs to, and import statements are used to make classes from other packages accessible. Access modifiers like public, private, protected and default determine which classes can access fields and methods within a class.

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sandesh ahir
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Package in Java

⚫ A package is a group of similar types of classes, interfaces and sub-packages. ⚫

Package can be categorized in two form, built-in package and user-defined

package.

⚫ There are many built-in packages such as java, lang, awt, javax, swing, net, io,

util, sql etc.

⚫ Java API is having nearly 5000 pre defined packages.

⚫ Package statement will be the first statement in a java program. ⚫ We can

access the members of one class from another class of same package. ⚫ ‘import’

statement is used to connect classes in java application of different packages.

Some Important Packages


Package Description

java.lang Lang stands for ‘language’ ,this got primary classes and interfaces essential for
developing a basic java program
java.util Util stands for ‘utility’, This package contains useful classes and interfaces like
Stack, LinkedList, Hashtable, etc … These classes are called collections.

java.io Io stands for ‘input and output’. This package contains streams.

java.awt awt stands for ‘abstract window toolkit’. This package helps to develop GUI.

javax.swing This package helps to develop GUI like java.awt. The ‘x’ in javax represents that
it is an extended package.
java.net net stands for ‘network’. Client-Server programming can be done by using this
package.
java.applet Applets are programs which came from a server into a client and get
executed on the client machine on a network.
java.text This package has two important classes, DateFormat and NumberFormat.

java.sql Sql stands for ‘structured query language’. This package helps to connect to
databases.
Structure of a package

Simple example of package


⚫ The package keyword is used to create a
package. //save as Simple.java
package mypack;
public class Simple
{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Welcome to
package"); }
}
How to access package from another package?
⚫ There are three ways to access the package from
outside the package.
✓import packageName.*;

✓import packageName.classname;

✓fully qualified Classname


Using packagename.*
⚫ If you use packagename.* then all the classes and interfaces of this
package will be accessible but not subpackages.
⚫ The import keyword is used to make the classes and interface of another
package accessible to the current package.

//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A{
public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}
//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.*;
class B {
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj = new A();
obj.msg();
}
}

Output:Hello

Using packagename.classname ⚫ If
you import packagename.classname then only declared class of
this package will be accessible.
//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A{
public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}
//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.A;

class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj = new A();
obj.msg();
}
}
Output:Hello

Using fully qualified name


⚫ If you use fully qualified name then only declared class of this
package will be accessible.
⚫ Now there is no need to import.

//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A{
public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}
//save by B.java
package mypack;
class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
pack.A obj = new pack.A();//using fully qualified name
obj.msg();
}
}
Output:Hello
Understanding Access Modifiers
⚫ Access modifiers determine whether other classes can
use a particular field or invoke a particular method. ⚫
There are '2' levels of access modifiers.
1. At Class level: public & default
2. At member level: public, private, protected and default
At Class level:
➢ If a class is declared as public then that is visible to all the
classes everywhere.
➢ If a class is declared as default (package-private)then that is
visible to only within its own package.
At Member level:
⚫ At the member level, we can also use the public or
default (package-private) just as with class level, and with
the same meaning.

PUBLIC:
⚫ If a method, variable or constructor is declared as public then
we can access them from anywhere.
⚫ When we are accessing the public member its class also should
be public otherwise will be getting compile time error.
DEFAULT:
⚫ If a method, variable or constructor is declared as default then
we can access them from current package only. So it is also
called "PACKAGE -PRIVATE“
PRIVATE:
⚫ If a method, variable or constructor is declared as private then
we can access them in the current class only.
⚫ Private is the most restricted access modifier.
⚫ If a constructor is declared as private we can’t create a object
for that class in other classes.
PROTECTED:
⚫ If a method, variable or constructor is declared as
protected then we can access them with in the current
package.
⚫ We can use PROTECTED members outside the package
only in child class, and we can access them by using child
class reference only not from parent class reference.

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