Administrative Reforms of Alauddin Khilji

ALAUDDIN KHILJI
1. Alauddin khilji was the second sultan of Khilji dynasty and was
most powerful king of khilji dynasty.
Alauddin became the sultan of delhi after killing his uncle and
father in law Jalaluddin Khilji, the founder of khilji dynasty.
2. Alauddin was a very ambitious and a warmonger . He called
himself ‘The second Alexander’. He took the title ‘Sikander-i-
Sani’
3. Alauddin conquered Gujarat, Ranthambor, Mewar, Malwa,
Warangal and Madurai.
4. Alauddin is famous in history for defeating Mongols more than 12
times. He won against the Mongols in the Battle of Jalandhar,
Amroha, Ravi
5. Alauddin Khilji followed the Divine Right Theorey of kingship.
He Prohibited social parties and black marketing.
He imposed Jizya , housing , grazing tax on Hindus.
6. Alauddin was a strong supporter of art and education. He
constructed Jamait Khana Masjid near Qutub Minar and
Alai Darwaza.
Through Alauddin captured the throne in an immoral way, but
reforms brought by him are always remarkable.
Alauddin had a very successful administrative measures his
revenue policy and military tactics make him notable ruler in
Indian History
Imperialism of Alaudddin Khilji
1. Conquest Of South India

Before assuming to the throne Alauddin Khilji invaded Devagiri.
According to the pact King of Devagiri was to pay money as tax. But he
failed to pay. Alauddin attacked Devagiri again . After tha he invaded
Kakatiya kingdome, Hoisal kingdom and Pandaya kingdom. He
compelled them to accept his authority and pay huge taxes.
2. Ranthambhor
1. In 1300, Alauddin sent Ulugh khan and Nusrat Khan for territorial
expansion towards Rajasthan. Alauddin decided to capture fortress of
Ranthambhor.
2. In this battle, Nusrat khan was killed, then Alauddin personally
proceeded to Ranthombhor. Hamir Dev died while fighting. Women
inside the fort performed Jauhar.
3.Padmini Episode
Alauddin desire to acquire the possession of Padmini, the queen of Rana
Ratan Singh.
Malik Jayasi(author of Padmavat) says that Alauddin failed in his
attempt. Women of Chittor perform Jauhar. Rana Ratan Singh give stife
fight to Alauddin but was killed in battle.
4.Gujarat
1.Gujarat was flourishing kingdom with its capital Anhilwara. Fertility
of soil and liberal policy towards trade made the region prosperous.
2.Alauddin planned two pronged attack. An army of Nusrat khan
proceeded from Rajasthan. Another army led by Ulugh khan advanced
from Sindh. Both armies meet near frontier of Gujarat.
3.Vaghela ruler, Rai Karan along with his daughter fled to Devagiri. But
wife of Rai Karan, Kamla Devi could not escape. She was captured and
was added to harem of sultan
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS OF ALAUDDIN KHILJI
Alauddin Khiliji was not only a great conqueror but a also a

brilliant administrator. He was a man of strong will and acted
according to his own convictions.
1.Check on the Nobles

Alauddin Khilji had to face a number of rebellions soon after
assuming the throne of Delhi. Alauddin made a careful analysis
of the cause of such rebellions.
He came to the conclusion that the rebellions occurred because
of the following reasons :-
1.Inefficient espionage system
2.Excessive use of liquor by the nobles.
3.Social intercourse and inter-marriages among nobles
4.Possession of excessive wealth.
In order to keep nobles under check. Alauddin take following

measures :-
1.Organization of espionage system
2. Prohibition use or sale of liquor or intoxicating drugs.
3. Restriction on social gatherings and inter-marriages
2.Policy towards the Hindu Officals

The Hindus, one class was consisted of tributary chiefs and
other class comprised of landlords such as chaudharis,
muqaddams. They had advantage of cattle grazing facilities
They gain lot of wealth.
Alauddin Khilji adopted measures specially designed to curb the
Hindus. He increased land revenue to one-half of total produce.
Besides the land tax, he also imposed tax on grazing cattle,
sheep and goats. Other taxes such as jizya and custom excise
taxes.
3.Economic Reforms
The most important economic reform introduced by Alauddin
Khilji was aimed at control price on essential commodities.
A number of factors promoted sultan to introduced these
reforms were. These factors were :-
i.Alauddin Khilji had huge army with limited economic
resources. The cash paid to soliders was not adequate for their
comfortable living.
ii.The numerous military campaign by Alauddin khilji and
territorial expansion and Mongol invasion exerted heavy
pressure on state treasury.
To overcome all these problems, Alauddin fixed the prices of all
commodities of daily use, from food grains to cattles, luxury
articles.
4.Classification of Markets
The entire market regulation was entrusted to diwani-i-riyasat.
Alauddin set up three different markets
i.One market for food grains
ii.A separate market for horses, cattle and slaves
iii.Third one for costlier articles such as foreign clothes, silk,
perfumes, jewellery etc.
The barids were keep to check prices, weights and measures and
sent daily reports to the sultan.
5.Likely Problems
There were certain problems, which were likely to occur due to
regulations and price controls.
As sultan fixed the prices of all commodities, merchants refuse
to sell the goods at those prices. Brokers lost their employment
because prices had been permanently fixed.
Problems also arise due to natural calamities such as drought
and faminies.
The merchants defraud the people by under-weighing, selling
low grade article for a higher grade one.
6.Market Regulations
1.To meet difficulties, Alauddin issued detailed regulations.
Merchants were classified into two categories
i.The Importers, who supplied commodities
ii.The whole-salers who had their shops in market.
2.Each merchants was asked to apply for trading license.
The undertaking was taking that they would bring required
commodities in sufficient quantity and at the fixed prices of
government.
3.Costly and rare articles like diamonds, silk, woolen, cosmetics
etc. could purchased only by special permits. Strict punishment
were given to those who violated the rules.
7. Supply of food grains

In order to have regular supply of food grains all peasants were
ordered to pay land revenue.
To guard against scarcity or in case of failure of crops due to
famine and droughts. Alauddin ordered to stored grain to be
stored in state granaries. Hoarding of good was strictly
prohibited.
8.Land Revenue policy

Alauddin not content with regulating markets and controlling
prices. He aimed at increasing financial resources of the state.
Hence, he turned his attention towards revenue reforms.
Alauddin introduced a number of new measures, which
transformed the revenue rules, and regulations of delhi
sultanate.
1.Alauddin first measure was to seize the land held by muslims
and religious men.
All land of the empire was in direct control of the state.
2.Alauddin second measures was to withdraw all the privileges,
which the chaudharis, muqaddam had enjoyed. He introduced to
pay them land revenue , house and grazing taxes. Hindus had to
pay jaziya tax.
Subpoints-
1.Check on the Nobles
2.Policy towards the Hindu Officials.
3.Economic Reforms
4.Classification of Markets
5. Likely Problems
6.Market regulations
7.Supply of Food grain
8.Land Revenue Policy
7.
Military reforms
Alauddin Khilji was a true militarist. In order to support his
theorey of divine right and absolute kingship, and to guard the
sultanate from Mongol invasion, it was necessary to have powerful
army.
1. Permanent Standing Army

1. Sultans of Delhi was depended on the forces of provincial
nobles. Alauddin decided to put the end of this dependence.
He maintained centrally trained army. Thus, Alauddin was
first among the delhi sultans to lay foundation of permanent
standing army.
2. The Ariz-i-mumalik was assigned the responsibility of
directly recruiting the soliders.
3. The soliders were paid money in cash from the state treasury.
The solider with one horse was paid 234 tankas and solider
with two horses was paid 78 tankas
2. Composition of the army

1. Alauddin maintained one of the largest armies during early
medieval india. Alauddin army consisted of 4,75,000
cavalry men.
2. Alauddin army also had large number of elephants.
Swords, bows and arrows, battle-axe, daggers were the
weapons used by the soliders.
Alauddin imported horses from Persia and Arabia.
3.Chehera and Dag

1. The organization of Alauddin’s army was based on Turkish
model
2. Ala-ud-din introduced a system of chehra, an identity card
system for every soldier,
Dagh to brand horses to be used specifically for wars.
Dagh and chehra were the 2 reforms in the army.
4.Forts
Forts played an important role in defense of the territories of the
sultanate, especially northwestern frontiers.
Alauddin repaired the forts constructed by Balban on the
northwestern frontiers and also constructed new ones.
These forts were garrisoned and arrangements were made for
regular supply of arms, food and fodder.

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ALAUDDIN KHILJI

Imperialism of Alaudddin Khilji

1. Conquest Of South India

Alauddin Khiliji was not only a great conqueror but a also a

1.Check on the Nobles

In order to keep nobles under check. Alauddin take following

2.Policy towards the Hindu Officals

7. Supply of food grains

8.Land Revenue policy

1. Permanent Standing Army

2. Composition of the army

3.Chehera and Dag

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